Literate setting wifi. The most common mistake when setting up Wi-Fi routers

Connect the network to the WAN interface, and connect the device to the computer using a network cable. The WAN LED on the chassis should

If you have difficulty connecting the router to the Internet, you should contact the service technical support  Internet access provider, as the causes of the problems can be diverse, including depending on the provider.

When owners of stationary computers have a laptop equipped with support for a wireless network, the problem arises of combining these two devices for simultaneous access to the Internet. Correctly setting router  asus wl-520gc, you can solve the problem.

With the proliferation of broadband Internet access, wireless routers are becoming increasingly popular among home users, allowing them to organize Internet access in an apartment divided into several computers. In addition, given the capabilities of routers in the organization of wireless communication channels, their use eliminates the need to lay network cables throughout the apartment. Today we offer a variety of different models of wireless routers for home use. But how to do right choice? Which router to prefer and, most importantly, how to configure it correctly? In this article we will look at the main features of modern routers and give step by step instructions  by setting them up.

Modern home computer is unthinkable without an Internet connection. Analog modems are irrevocably a thing of the past, and they have been replaced by high-speed Internet access technologies, and tariffs for organizing unlimited access have become comparable to monthly phone charges. Therefore, it is natural that after the purchase home computer  users think about the organization of Internet access.

When connecting to the Internet one home computer does not cause problems. This is, of course, a non-trivial task for novice users, since you need to create a new network connection and make the necessary settings for it, but if you're lucky, all this will be done by engineers who will connect the computer to the Internet.

However, over time, you may have a second computer, laptop, or PDA with a wireless adapter. Of course, you want to connect to the Internet and all these devices. To do this, you will already have to use a router that will act as a gateway between your local network in the apartment and the external Internet.

Naturally, the question arises about the choice of the router and its functionality.

Immediately, we note that all modern routers, targeted at home users, combine many network devices and a router - only one of them, although the main thing. That is why some manufacturers, seeking to emphasize the orientation of their devices to home users, as well as their multifunctionality, for marketing reasons, call them home Internet centers. However, this only confuses the classification of such devices, the generally accepted name of them is broadband wireless routers.

Until recently, routers for home users did not have an integrated wireless access point. Now these devices are already obsolete and should not be guided by them.

  Wireless Router Functionality

So, a modern broadband wireless router is a multifunctional device that combines:

• router;
• fast Ethernet switch (10/100 Mbps);
• wireless access point;
• firewall;
• NAT device.

The main task of wireless routers is to unite all computers. home network  into a single local network with the ability to exchange data between them and the organization of high-speed, secure Internet connection to all home computers (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Using a wireless router to connect
  home computers to the Internet

Currently the most popular ways are to connect to the Internet by telephone line  using an ADSL modem and a dedicated Ethernet line. Based on this, all wireless routers can be divided into two types:

• for connection via a dedicated Ethernet line;
• for dial-up connection.

In the latter case, the ADSL modem is also built into the router.

According to statistics, a method of connecting via a dedicated Ethernet line is becoming increasingly popular with providers. At the same time, routers designed for this purpose can also be used to connect to the Internet via a telephone line, but this will require an additional purchase of an ADSL modem.

In the future, we will consider only routers designed to connect to the Internet via a dedicated Ethernet line.

So, routers are network devices that are installed on the border of the internal local home network and the Internet, and therefore act as a network gateway. From a constructive point of view, routers should have at least two ports, one of which is connected to a local network (this port is called an internal LAN port), and the second is an external network, that is, the Internet (this port is called an external WAN port). Home routers have one WAN port and four internal LAN ports, which are combined into a switch (Figure 2). Both the WAN and LAN ports have a 10 / 100Base-TX interface, and you can connect a network Ethernet cable to them.

Fig. 2. LAN and WAN ports of the router

A wireless access point integrated into the router allows you to organize a wireless network segment, which for the router belongs to an internal network. In this sense, computers connected to the router wirelessly are no different from those connected to the LAN port.

The task of the firewall integrated into the router is to ensure the security of the internal network. To do this, firewalls must be able to mask the protected network, block known types of hacker attacks and information leaks from the internal network, and control applications that gain access to the external network.

In order to implement these functions, firewalls analyze all traffic between the external and internal networks for its compliance with certain established criteria or rules that determine the conditions for the passage of traffic from one network to another. If the traffic meets the specified criteria, the firewall passes it through itself. Otherwise, that is, if the established criteria are not met, the traffic is blocked. Firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing traffic, and also allow you to control access to certain network resources or applications.

According to their purpose, firewalls resemble the checkpoint of the protected object, where they check all the documents entering the territory of the object and all who leave it. If the pass is in order - access to the territory is allowed. Firewalls act in a similar way, only in the role of people passing through the checkpoint, are network packets, and the omission is that the headers of these packets correspond to a given set of rules.

All modern routers with built-in firewalls are NAT devices, that is, they support Network Address Translation (NAT). This protocol is not part of the firewall, but contributes to improving network security. Its main task is to solve the problem of the shortage of IP addresses, which is becoming increasingly important as the number of computers grows.

NAT defines how network address translation takes place. A NAT device translates IP addresses reserved for private use on local area networks into public IP addresses. The private IP addresses include the following IP ranges: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255, 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Private IP addresses cannot be used in the global network, so they can be freely used only for internal purposes.

In addition to the listed functionality, some models of wireless routers have a number of additional ones. For example, they can be equipped with USB 2.0 ports to which external devices can be connected with the possibility of organizing shared network access to them. So, when we connect printers to the marsururator via USB 2.0, we also get a print server, and when we connect an external hard drive  - Network storage device type NAS (Network Attached Storage). In addition, in the latter case, the software used in the routers allows you to even organize an FTP server.

There are models of routers that have not only USB ports, but also built-in hDDthat is why they can be used for network storage, as FTP servers for access both from outside and from the internal network and even act as multimedia centers.

  Router Setup

Despite the seeming similarity of the functionality of broadband wireless routers, there are significant differences between them, which ultimately determine whether a particular router is suitable for your purposes or not. The fact is that different internet providers use different types connect to the internet. If we are talking about connecting one computer (without using a router), then there are no problems, since user operating systems (for example, Windows XP / Vista) contain software tools that support all types of connections used by providers. If a router is used to connect your home network to the Internet, then it is necessary that it fully support the type of connection used by the provider (we will look at the connection types in the section on configuring the WAN interface).

Almost all routers oriented to home users have built-in quick setup software (setup wizard) or tools for auto-tuning — for example, Quick Setup, Smart Setup, NetFriend, etc. will support the auto-configure feature of a specific router. In addition, the presence of such functions does not mean at all that by pressing one “magic” button you will immediately cope with all the problems and set up your router. After all, even in order to get to this "magic" button, you will have to perform some settings of the network interface in the computer.

For the reasons outlined above, we will not rely on the ability to automatically configure the router and consider the most universal way to manually configure it.

It is advisable to configure the router in the following sequence:

• Access to the web-based interface of the router.
• Configure the LAN interface and the built-in DHCP server.
• Configuring the WAN interface with the organization of the Internet connection for all computers on the local network.
• Wireless setup (if there are wireless clients).
• Firewall configuration.
• Configure the NAT protocol (if required).

The first step in configuring the router is getting network access to its settings through a web interface (a web server is built into all routers).

Let's take a closer look at the steps for setting up a LAN interface and an integrated DHCP server, as well as setting up a WAN interface. We are not going to talk about setting up a wireless network, firewall, and the NAT protocol in this article — separate publications will be devoted to these issues.

  Accessing the web-based interface of the router

To access the web-based interface of the router, you need to connect a computer (laptop) to the LAN port. The first thing you need to find out is the IP address of the router's LAN port, the default login and password. Any router, being a network device, has its own network address (IP address). In order to find out the router's LAN port IP address and password, you will have to scroll through the user's manual. If the router has not been operated before, then its settings are the same as the default (factory) settings. In most cases, the IP-address of the LAN port of the router is 192.168.1.254 or 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, and the password and login is admin. If the router has already been used and the default settings have been changed, but you do not know the LAN port IP address, username or password, the first thing to do is to reset all settings (return to factory settings). To do this, all routers have a special in-depth reset button (Reset). If you press it (with the router power on) and hold it for a few seconds, the router will reboot and restore its factory settings.

In addition to the ability to quickly return to factory settings, most routers have a built-in DHCP server activated by default. This allows you to easily connect to the router, because the computer connected to the router's LAN port will automatically be assigned the IP address of the same subnet to which the router's LAN port belongs, and the default IP address of the gateway will be IP address. address of the LAN port of the router. But in order to take advantage of this opportunity, you need to make sure that the properties of the computer’s network connection used to connect to the LAN port of the router are set to the dynamic IP address assignment function (Obtain IP address automatically). It is activated by default for all network interfaces, and if after installation operating system  Since the network connections on the computer were not configured specifically, then most likely you will be able to access the settings of the router immediately after connecting to its LAN port of the computer.

Attention! If your computer has already been connected to the Internet, then most likely the network connection settings are used, which are different from the default settings. Before you change anything, write down all the settings.

If so in a simple way you cannot connect to the router, you will have to pre-configure the network interface of the computer connected to the router. The point of the configuration is to ensure that the network interface of the computer that connects to the router's LAN port and the router's LAN port have IP addresses belonging to the same subnet. Suppose the router's LAN port has an IP address of 192.168.1.1. Then the network interface of the connected computer must be assigned a static IP address 192.168.1.x (for example, 192.168.1.100) with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. In addition, as the IP address of the default gateway, you must specify the IP address of the router's LAN port (in our case, 192.168.1.1).

Naturally, the configuration of the network interface of the computer depends on the operating system used. We will show how to make a similar setup using the example of the most popular operating system. Microsoft Windows  XP SP2 (English version) and Microsoft operating system Windows vista  (Russian version).

Setting up a PC network interface with Microsoft Windows XP SP2

If you are using the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system, click on the icon to assign a static IP address to the computer’s network interface. My Network Places  (Network Neighborhood) with the right mouse button and in the opened context menu  select item Properties  (Properties). In the window that opens Network connection  (Network connections) select icon Local Area Connection  (Local Area Network) and, by right-clicking on it, go again to Properties. After that, a window should open Local Area Connection Properties  (Properties of the network connection), allowing you to configure the network adapter (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

Tab General  highlight the protocol Internet Protocol (TCP / IP)  and press the button Properties. A window will open allowing you to set the computer’s IP address, subnet mask and gateway by default. Check the box in this dialog box. Use the following IP address:  and enter the IP address and subnet mask into the corresponding text fields (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Setting a static IP address, subnet mask
  and gateway IP addresses

After the configuration of the computer’s network interface is complete, you can access the settings of the router itself. To do this, in the address field of a web browser, enter the IP address of the access point (192.168.1.1). If everything is done correctly, the access point (router) settings dialog box will open. You may need to enter your username and password (they are in the documentation).

Setting up a PC network interface with Microsoft Windows Vista

If you are using Microsoft Windows Vista, to assign a static IP address to the computer’s network interface, click Network  Right-click and in the context menu that appears, select Properties. In the window that opens Network connections Network connections  (Fig. 5), which displays all network adapters installed on the computer.

Fig. 5. The Network Connections window with a list of network adapters

In this window, select a network adapter (if there are several) with which the computer is connected to the LAN port of the router, click on it with the right mouse button and select the item in the context menu that opens Properties  (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. Select the network adapter connected to the router
  and click on it with the right mouse button

In the opened properties window of the selected network adapter  (Fig. 7) tab Network  need to highlight the item Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP / IPv4)  and push the button Properties. Next, a window will open allowing you to set the IP address of the computer, the subnet mask and the IP address of the default gateway. Check the box in this window Use the following IP address:  and enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway IP address into the corresponding text fields (Fig. 8).

Fig. 7. Network adapter properties window

Fig. 8. Setting a static IP address, subnet mask
  and gateway IP addresses

After the computer’s network interface has been configured, in the Network Control Center with shared   You can make additional settings for the newly created local network. Initially, this network is given the name default (Private Network) - fig. 9.

Fig. 9. Displaying properties of a newly created local network

If you select a link Customization  opposite the name of the local network then in the window Network Location Setup  (Fig. 10) you can specify the name of the created network connection (for example, home network), select the icon for this connection and the type of network location ( Public  or Private). In the case of a home network it is better to set the type of placement Privatebecause it will allow your computer to detect other computers and devices on the local network and make it possible for them to detect your computer.

Fig. 10. Setting properties of the created network connection

After the network properties are set, in the Network Management Center  You can view the complete network map by clicking on the link. View full map. Since in our case only one computer is connected to the router (gateway) and the Internet connection is not yet configured, the network map will look like the one shown in Figure. 11. If the map with the image of a computer or a gateway moves the mouse pointer on this map, the pop-up prompt displays the IP and MAC addresses of the network adapter or LAN port of the router, respectively.

Fig. 11. Diagram of the created network

After setting up the connection of the computer to the LAN port of the router, you can access its settings. This is done in the same way as in the case of the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system: the IP address of the access point (192.168.1.1) is entered in the address field of the web browser.

  Configuring the LAN interface and the built-in DHCP server

The first thing we recommend to do after gaining access to the settings of the router is to configure its LAN interface. It is considered good tone when connecting to the router of a new computer (both via wired and wireless interfaces) its network interface is configured automatically. To do this, you need to configure the DHCP server built into the router and set the default gateway IP address used for the connected PCs.

In addition, when configuring the LAN interface, you can change the default IP address and subnet mask of the router's LAN port. However, it makes sense to change these settings of the router only when there are good reasons for that. In most cases, changing the IP address and subnet mask of the LAN port of the router is not required, which means that the configuration of the LAN interface consists only in setting up the DHCP server and setting the IP address and subnet mask of the default gateway if it is not set automatically, which will be used for computers connected to the router.

The router's LAN interface is configured in the IP config section. Its name may be different, so you just need to find the section in which you configure the network interfaces (WAN and LAN) of the router. As a rule, there is a subsection in this section that allows you to configure the settings of the DHCP server (in our example, it is called the DHCP Server).

The DHCP server is configured in the following order:

• Allow the use of a DHCP server for computers connected to the router.
• Specify a pool of reserved IP addresses for allocation.
• Set the time interval during which the dynamic IP address assigned to the computer does not change.
• Specify the IP address of the default gateway that computers connected to the router will use.
• Assign IP addresses to DNS and WINS servers.

Different router models can have a different range of IP addresses reserved for a DHCP server. But do not think that the more it is, the better. It is unlikely that you will ever need to connect more than ten computers to the router at home, so for home routers the range of IP addresses reserved for the DHCP server is absolutely noncritical. In any case, it includes more than 30 addresses, which is quite enough. If we are talking about using a router in the office, then it is desirable that this range be 253 IP addresses (no more within the same subnet, since one IP address is reserved by the router itself). For example, it can be addresses from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254. Naturally, all the IP addresses reserved for the DHCP server will belong to the same subnet as the LAN port of the router. Moreover, if you change the IP address of the router's LAN port, the pool reserved for allocating IP addresses will also change - thus, the router’s LAN port IP address and all reserved addresses will always be on the same subnet.

Using a DHCP server on a router does not mean at all that computers connected to the router cannot set static addresses and configure the network interface manually. Just in this case, the address assigned to the network interface of the computer connected to the router will not be used by the DHCP server for dynamic allocation.

After permission to use the DHCP server on the router (usually this option is activated by default), it remains only to enter the IP address of the default gateway (Default Gateway), which you should set the IP address of the router's LAN port (in our example 192.168.1.1 ). Changing the remaining settings does not make sense.

An example of setting up a DHCP server is shown in Fig. 12 (ASUS WL-566gM wireless router is used as an example). After making all the changes, you must restart the router (otherwise, the changes will not take effect). For this in different models  Routers use various buttons — for example, Finish or Apply and Restart, etc.

Fig. 12. Setting up a DHCP server in the ASUS WL-566gM router

After configuring the LAN interface and DHCP server in the router, you can return to the network interface settings of the computer connected to the router.

In the properties window of the network adapter that allows you to set the IP address of the computer, the subnet mask and the IP address of the default gateway, check the box Get an IP address automatically  (Fig. 13). This example uses the operating system Windows Vista. For operating windows systems  XP SP2 settings are made similarly.

Fig. 13. Configuring the network adapter for automatic
   getting the IP address from the router's DHCP server
  (when using Windows Vista)

When the changes take effect, the computer will briefly lose contact with the router, but then it will be restored and the settings of the router will become available again.

Naturally, the question arises: why did we spend so much time setting up a DHCP server on the router if we already had access to the settings of the router? The fact is that in order to gain access to the router, we had to configure the network interface of the connected computer. If there is only one computer, then it is possible not to configure a DHCP server, but if there are two or more computers, then to connect them to a local network based on the router you will have to perform a similar configuration of the network interfaces of all computers and not get confused in the IP addresses in order to do not assign multiple computers the same network address. It is much easier to once set up a DHCP server on the router, and on all computers connected to it, activate the function of automatically obtaining an IP address (it is activated by default). Then all computers connected to the router will be automatically assigned IP addresses. In addition, if you later have to reinstall the operating system on any computer, you will not need to remember all the settings of the network controller, since they will be made automatically when connected to the router.

In conclusion, we note that the DHCP server function extends to computers connected to LAN ports not only through network cables, but also via a wireless interface, that is, through a wireless access point integrated in the router.

  WAN interface setup

The next step in configuring the router is to configure the WAN interface, which will provide access to the Internet. There are quite a few options for configuring the WAN interface, and in each case it is determined by the type of connection that the ISP uses. Consider all the popular connection types used by providers.

In Moscow, there are more than 300 home network providers involved in connecting end users to the Internet. Sometimes in one house Internet connection services can be provided by up to ten providers. Much to our regret, the settings used by the providers of home networks are not indicated by their settings. Therefore, when choosing a provider (if there are several of them in your area) you should call the technical support service and find out about all the nuances of connection.

In general, the choice of provider is not a trivial task. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only tariffs, but also such factors as the quality of the communication channel, the type of communication, the availability of home network resources and much more. For example, in Moscow providers of home networks are still working, in the contract which stipulates that the user is prohibited to use a router to connect several home computers to the Internet. Well, what do you say, how will he know? Elementary! The fact is that any router is also a NAT device, therefore, after analyzing network packets (and the structure of packets sent by a NAT device differs from packets sent by a regular network controller), the provider can easily determine whether you are using a router or not. As a rule, on the sites of such providers you can find a quote for connecting a second computer to the Internet. What can I say? It is better not to have business with such providers.

Another circumstance that must be taken into account when choosing a provider is the provision of access to the home network resources. It is made free of charge (which is important if you don’t unlimited tariff) and at full speed network interface (100 Mbps). House networks contain collections of films and music, game servers and servers with various software, file sharing networks between users of the home network. In addition, many home networks combine their local resources, providing users with even more opportunities. Therefore, to neglect such an opportunity, as the use of local resources of the home network, in any case should not be.

I would also like to draw the attention of readers to the fact that some unscrupulous providers are engaged in the banal deception of users. For example, instead of the promised 4 Mbit / s bandwidth, they can actually limit traffic to 2 Mbit / s. Often, the promised bandwidth is realized only in one direction - from the provider to the user, and traffic in the opposite direction is reduced.

However, there are many more examples of how providers "throw" users. Fortunately, there are many forums where all this is discussed. But back to the main topic of our article.

So, if we talk about the basic types of connection, we can note the following:

• allocation of a dynamic IP address;
• allocating a static IP address (usually with a MAC address binding);
• internet connection using PPPoE;
• internet connection using PPTP;
• internet connection using L2TP protocol.

Consider each of the connection types in more detail.

Allocation of a dynamic IP address

The easiest, from the user's point of view, way to connect to the Internet when using one computer is to allocate a dynamic IP address to the user. However, if you have a router, the connection procedure is somewhat more complicated.

When only one computer is connected to the Internet without using a router, the configuration of the computer’s network interface is not required, as with the default network controller settings, the computer immediately gains access to the Internet. Recall that by default the network interface is configured to automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, gateway IP address, DNS and WINS server IP addresses. In this case, the WAN port of the router is configured automatically using the provider's DHCP server. True, in some cases it may be necessary to manually set the IP addresses of the DNS server and gateway (although this is rare).

If you use a router to connect to the Internet, its WAN port is configured in the same way as the network controller of a computer that connects to the Internet without using a router. That is, in the settings of the router's WAN interface, you must specify the Dynamic IP connection method (all routers support this type of connection). The problem, however, is that most routers, unlike PC network controllers, cannot automatically receive the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers (primary and secondary). Therefore, these addresses are likely to have to register manually. An example of such a setting in the Gigabyte GN-B49G router is shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 14. Configuring the WAN interface of the router using connection type
  with a dynamic IP address

Naturally, the question arises: where to get these same IP addresses of the gateway and DNS servers? Indeed, in the case of dynamic settings, providers are oriented to connecting to the Internet using just one computer, which is able to receive all settings automatically. But most routers cannot automatically receive settings. In order to find out the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers, you must first configure the Internet connection for one PC (without using a router). Next, you need to run the console command ipconfig / all. To do this, run the command console on the computer (in the Run  (Run) type cmd) and type ipconfig / all. This command will display a list of all network controllers installed on the computer (if there are several of them) with their settings (network addresses) and MAC addresses (Fig. 15). In the same window, you can find the IP addresses of the gateway (Default Gateway) and the DNS server. It remains only to write these addresses, then to use them when configuring the router.

Fig. 15. Clarification network settings  controller

After all necessary IP addresses are registered in the router, all computers connected to the router via LAN ports and wirelessly will get access to the Internet. Moreover, the Internet connection is activated immediately after turning on the computer (if only the router was turned on). Note that if your provider, in addition to accessing the Internet, provides a connection to the home network resources, then there are no problems with the simultaneous use of both the Internet and home network resources (we will discuss these problems later).

Another problem associated with the use of a dynamic IP address is that this type of connection is often combined with a MAC address binding. The MAC address is a unique identifier for a network device. There are no two identical MAC addresses - no matter what type of network equipment in question. Binding by MAC address means that the provider controls the MAC addresses of the network controllers of the computers from which you are connected to the Internet, that is, the MAC address filter is configured on the provider side. If, for example, the original Internet connection was configured on one computer and mapped to a MAC address, then trying to access the Internet from another computer (for example, you bought a new PC) is no longer successful. The problem, of course, is solved, but for this you need to inform the provider the MAC address of the new computer.

In the case of connecting several computers to the Internet using a router, the binding must be made to the MAC address of the router's WAN port. In principle, you can call the provider and ask for the new MAC address, but you can do it easier. Virtually all modern routers have a feature such as MAC address spoofing. That is, the WAN port can be assigned any MAC address. If the router is already established after setting up the Internet connection using one computer, it is enough to assign the MAC address of the network controller used in the computer to configure the Internet connection to the WAN port of the router.

The MAC address of the network controller can be found out in the same window, where the IP addresses of the default gateway and the DNS server are specified (see Figure 15).

After opening the web-based interface of the router, you need to assign a new MAC address to the WAN port. Note that this function can be implemented in the router not in the settings section (IP config) of the LAN and WAN interfaces of the router, but in some other one. For example, in Gigabyte wireless routers, this function is located in the Change WAN MAC section (Fig. 16).

Fig. 16. Change the MAC-address of the router's WAN port using a router as an example.
  Gigabyte GN-B49G

Well, the last problem that needs to be mentioned in connection with connecting to the Internet using a dynamic IP address is that the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS server used by the provider can change from time to time. Therefore, if you have unexpectedly lost the Internet, do not rush to call technical support. It is possible that you just need to change the IP addresses of the gateway and DNS server on the router. Of course, periodic reconfiguration of the router is an extremely unpleasant task, but what to do - in some cases it’s only possible way. Pleases at least the fact that the IP addresses of the gateway and the DNS server of the provider change quite rarely. In addition, some router models, like the PC network controller, are capable of automatically obtaining the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers.

Static IP Allocation

The connection method with the allocation of a static IP address (Static IP), from the user's point of view, is also very simple, although the number of settings that have to be made is slightly more than in the case of a dynamic IP address. Actually, there is no difference between these connection methods, except that in the first case, the provider's DHCP server is used to configure the network interface and the setting is done automatically, and in the second, all settings must be registered manually.

After selecting the connection type in the settings of the router's WAN interface with the allocation of a static IP address, you need to specify the IP address of the WAN port, the subnet mask, the IP address of the gateway and the primary and secondary DNS servers. All these data provide the provider when connecting to the Internet. An example of such a setting on the Gigabyte GN-B49G router is shown in Fig. 17

Fig. 17. Configuring the WAN interface of the router when using the connection type
  with a static IP address

Almost always, when using a connection type with the allocation of a static IP address, a binding by MAC address is used. What additional settings need to be made in the router in this case, we have already described. It remains only to note that when applying of this type  connection, the user has no problems with the simultaneous use of both the Internet and local home network resources.

Connect to the Internet using PPPoE protocol

PPP (Poin-to-Point Protocol) is also quite often used by home network providers. It is supported by all routers, which means that the incompatibility of the router with the connection type does not exist.

The use of PPPoE connection opens up for providers a wide range of possibilities for accounting for user access to the network. With this technology, the provider can easily restrict user access to the Internet and keep records of their traffic. PPPoE technology starts a PPP session over an Ethernet network.

At the same time, user authentication via PAP and CHAP protocols, dynamic allocation of IP addresses to users, assignment of gateway and DNS server addresses, etc. are supported.

PPPoE's principle of operation is based on establishing a point-to-point connection on top of a common Ethernet environment. The PPPoE operation process is divided into two stages: first, the devices tell each other their addresses and establish the initial connection, and then the PPP session starts.

All clients are allocated private addresses and are asked to log in with PPPoE.

From the user's point of view, setting up a PPPoE connection cannot be called simple. Even if you set up an Internet connection on just one computer (without using a router), you will have to open a lot dialog boxes. In principle, the process of setting up an Internet connection on a computer using PPPoE protocol resembles the process of setting up an Internet connection using an analog modem.

In addition, PPPoE has another disadvantage for the user. The fact is that for simultaneous access to the Internet and access to the local home network it is necessary to make additional (and for novice users not trivial) settings. That is, with a typical Internet connection setup, simultaneous access to the Internet and to the home network resources is impossible. However, we will tell about these subtleties further, but for now let's consider setting up an Internet connection using PPPoE protocol when using one computer (without a router).

Configure PPPoE connection using a single computer

The sequence of settings and the type of dialog boxes depends on the operating system used, so we will consider two options for setting up the connection - for Microsoft Windows XP SP2 (English version) and Microsoft Windows Vista (Russian version).

For Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system

When using the operating system Microsoft Windows XP SP2 to create a new network connection, you must run New Connection Wizard Start\u003e Programs\u003e Accessories\u003e Communications\u003e New Connection Wizard  (Fig. 18).

Fig. 18. Starting the Network Connection Wizard

New Connection Wizard  (New Connection Wizard) click on the button Next  and go to section New Connection Type  (Type of network connection). In this window, mark the item Connect to the Internet  (Connect to the Internet) - Pic. nineteen.

Fig. 19. Setting the network connection type

Getting ready  (Preparation in progress) choose the way to create a network connection. Here it is necessary to note the item Set up my connection manually  (Establish connection manually) - fig. 20.

Fig. 20. Setting the method for setting up a network connection

Next, go to the section Internet connection  (Internet connection) - fig. 21, which sets the type of equipment to connect to the Internet, and select the item Connect using a username and password(Through a high-speed connection requesting a username and password).

Fig. 21. Selecting the type of equipment for the Internet connection

In the next section called Connection name  (Connection Name) is necessary to set the connection name (ISP Name). In principle, this name can be any, for example, the connection can be called the Internet (Fig. 22).

Fig. 22. Setting the name of the Internet connection

Further in the section Internet Account Information  (Details account  on the Internet) you must enter the data received from the provider, that is, the user name (User Name) and password (Password). To avoid errors, the password is entered twice: in the Password  (Password) and in the field Confirm Password  (Confirmation) - fig. 23. If you are the sole owner of the computer, that is, if there are no other users with other profiles, or you want this Internet connection to be available to all users of this computer, then you can check Use this account when you connect to the Internet from this computer.  (Use the following username and password when connecting any user). If only one Internet connection is used on the computer (which is most likely), then we also note Make this the default Internet connection  (Make this connection the default Internet connection).

Fig. 23. Set username and password

At the final stage of creating an Internet connection, you can mark the item (Add connection shortcut to desktop) - fig. 24

Fig. 24. Adding the icon of the created Internet connection to the desktop

After completing the creation of a new connection using New Connection Wizards  it is necessary to make additional settings so that you can use it to access the Internet. To do this, left-click on the icon of the created connection and in the Internet connection window that opens, enter the username and password again (Fig. 25). In order not to repeat this procedure every time you access the Internet, check the box next to (Save username and password) and check the box Anyone who use this computer  (For any user).

Fig. 25. Setting up an Internet connection

Microsoft Windows Vista operating system

If you are using Microsoft Windows Vista, to create an Internet connection using PPPoE, click the icon Network  Right-click and in the context menu that opens, select Properties. In the window that appears Network Management Center  select the link on the left side by clicking on it with the left mouse button. After that, a window should open Connect to network  (Fig. 26), in which you need to select the item Internet connection.

Fig. 26. Starting the Internet Connection Setup Wizard

In the next step, select the type of Internet connection - High speed with PPPoE  (Fig. 27) and in the next window enter the user name and password received from the provider (Fig. 28). It remains only to press the button To plug, after which an attempt to connect to the Internet will be made. Actually, on this the creation of a new Internet connection is completed.

Fig. 27. Selecting the type of Internet connection

Fig. 28. Set username and password

Next in the window Network Management Center  select the link on the left side Connect to networkby clicking on it with the left mouse button. After that, a window should open Connect to networkwhich displays the created internet connection. Having chosen the created connection to the Internet in this window, click on it with the right mouse button and in the opened context menu select the item Properties(fig. 29).

Fig. 29. Go to the Properties window of the created Internet connection.

On various window tabs Properties  Internet connection created, you can check the correctness of the settings.

As we have already noted, from the user's point of view, the main problem of the PPPoE connection, in addition to the complex configuration, is that the Internet connection created does not provide simultaneous access to the Internet and to the resources of the local home network. To access the resources of the local network, another network connection is created. The process of its creation is quite simple and is no different from connecting with a dynamically allocated IP address using the provider's DHCP server (how this connection is configured has already been described in the corresponding section). As a result, the user has two connections: to the Internet and to local network resources, but they cannot be used at the same time, that is, you can access either the Internet or the provider’s home network. Of course, this is inconvenient, especially when several devices are connected to the Internet. This problem  It can be solved using a single Internet connection for simultaneous access to the Internet and to the resources of the local home network. To do this, you must create a so-called static routing table.

Before you start creating a static routing table, you need to find out the IP address of the default gateway, which is used when connecting to the Internet. To do this, in the command console, run the ipconfig command, after which a list of all connections with their settings will be displayed. Selecting a connection to local resources, record the IP address of the default gateway (Default gateway).

The command syntax is as follows:

ROUTE –p ADD,

where destination  - IP address of the host (server) in the local home network of the provider; netmask  - network mask for the IP address of the host in the local home network of the provider; gateway  - IP address of the default gateway.

Thanks to the key –P, routes will be remembered and restored after restarting the computer. However, if you make a mistake, you risk breaking the connection to the Internet and to the local network. If this happens, enter a route reset command route –f  and restart the computer. After the reboot, you can try the ROUTE command again.

Specific IP addresses of the servers of the provider's local network can be obtained from the provider, for example, on its website.

As an example, we will give commands for adding static routes used in the Konkovo.Net network:

• ROUTE –p ADD 192.168.0.0 MASK 255.255.0.0 addressgateway> ;
• ROUTE –p ADD 10.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 addressgateway> .

In order to check the added routing table, type the command ROUTE PRINT (Fig. 30).