One of the biggest troubles for PC owners may be the corruption of sectors on the hard drive. Such sectors are called "broken", and the hard drive with such damages is said to have started to "pour".
From the location of such damage directly depends on the ability to turn on / off the computer. If the sectors are out of order, where the files of the operating system are located, then the PC will not turn on. If we are talking about sectors where other files are located, then the user will have the opportunity to download the machine. Depending on this feature, the method of eliminating the broken sectors is chosen hard drive.
What to do
With this type of damage, you must open My Computer and right-click desired disk. Then choose "Properties" from the offered options, then "Service" and "Execute check". You must tick the "Automatically correct system errors"And" Scan and repair damaged sectors ". Clicking "Start", the user starts the hard disk check for damage. After that, it is required to restart the PC.
In the second case, there should be a disk with a virtual operating system at hand or installation disk Windows. To start the computer, the disk must be inserted into the drive and turned on in the normal mode. All further actions are similar to the actions described in the previous paragraph. When working with the installation disc, a menu appears with the option to select the "Restore system" command. As a result, hDD will be checked for the presence of broken sectors, and the found damages are eliminated.
Special programs
You can also check and restore the hard drive using the program launched through the Recovery Console. The Recovery Console itself can be launched without the boot disk. To do this, press the F8 key and select safe mode, supporting command line. After the console is loaded, the partition with Windows installed on it is selected. You must ensure that the partition matches the disk, then the administrator password is entered. After the appropriate prompt appears in the line, the disc name, route and file name are entered. By the "Enter" key, the user starts the recovery process.
Thus, by checking the "C" partition of the hard disk, you need to start the system recovery console and set the chkdsk command c: / f / r. To warn such a trouble in the future simply - for this you need to acquire special programs, for example, MHDD. Such a
In this article we will talk about broken sectors on the hard disk, what it is and how to treat it. But first let's find out where they come from?
Everyone knows that the hard drive is clusters are miniature cells. Each of the clusters is a logical repository of information, where files are constantly written. The combination of all clusters provides us with the correct operation of the entire computer.
Bad block or damaged sector is an unreadable disk sector that contains bad memory locations.
Such a hard disk for working with the operating system is no longer suitable, but you can try to use it in the form external storage, as a "flash drive of a large volume." If you use such a hard disk for data storage, it is desirable to cut off the place where the bad blocks are located using the program for working with hard disks. For example, Acronis DiskDirector.
The bad sector on the hard drive
The most frequent the cause of the appearance of broken sectors - this is the natural wear of the drive, i.e. if the hard disk has been working for many years, then simply because of the large number of cycles of writing and reading to this or that sector, the hard disk starts to slowly but surely refuse. As a rule - it's more than 10 000 hours of work. This increase in the time of access to the sector is shown, ie, in the case of a new serviceable cell, this is of the order of up to 10-15 msec, then the indicators over 150 msec indicate a strong deterioration of the drive. If one sector has refused, then others will start to refuse soon, which means that it is worthwhile to think about replacing the hard drive, or at least copy the information you need.
Why there are broken sectors - we figured out, now we'll discuss how to identify them.
Victoria
Maybe you already know about the program Victoria is a program specially created for deep diagnostics of a hard drive. Victoria is available in 2 versions: with a graphical shell and without it (DOS version).
Received Smart in the Victoria program
This is already a tested hard drive, and here are the main parameters of it, i.e. data SMART. During the surface test, you can get the response time for a query to each sector. The time is specified from 5 milliseconds to 1.5 seconds and higher, the smaller - the better, the faster our hard drive reacts.
What is swinging Smart, then you can navigate by the number of "", the more of them, the better. Judging by the number of " Hardware ECC recovered"- it's time to change the hard drive.
- 1 Raw read error rate 100 253 6 0
- 3 Spin-up time 97 97 0 0
- 4 Number of spin-up times 94 94 20 6522
- 5 Reallocated sector count 100 100 36 0
- 7 Seek error rate 87 60 30 564751929
- 9 Power-on time 83 83 0 14937
- 10 Spin-up retries 100 100 97 0
- 12 Start / stop count 94 94 20 6273
- 187 Reported UNC error 1 1 0 103
- 189 High Fly wrote 100 100 0 0
- 190 Airflow temperature 55 48 45 45 ° C / 113 ° F
- 194 HDA Temperature 45 52 0 45 ° C / 113 ° F
- 195 Hardware ECC recovered 80 64 0 100816244
- 197 Current pending sectors 100 100 0 0
- 198 Offline scan UNC sectors 100 100 0 0
- 199 Ultra DMA CRC errors 200 200 0 1
- 200 Write error rate 100 253 0 0
- 202 DAM errors count 100 253 0 0
Also, Victoria knows how many other operations with HDD, up to closing sectors.
With this function, the damaged sectors can be closed, but this will only delay the failure.
Download the program Victoria, you can on the site, it is free and does not require installation on a computer.
If, for some reason, Victoria did not like you, then there is always an alternative, and many more such as: Active boot disk, HDD Regenerator, R-Studio etc.
The broken sectors are not treated, but are closed, and their place on the disk will be assigned to workers.
Recover HDD with Victoria
No matter how high-quality your hard disk was, sooner or later it may cause problems. Incorrect removal of programs, viruses and wrecking applications, wear and tear - all this can lead to a breakdown of the "hard drive" and the appearance of so-called. The last do not have an instant effect, most likely months will pass before you notice the problem.
What are the broken sectors?
For a more understandable definition of the broken sector, it is not superfluous to understand the design of your hard drive. In general, it consists of rotating magnetic disks, which are divided into tracks, and these tracks in turn are divided into sectors. They contain any information that you copy to your hard drive. Disk sectors have one unpleasant property - they spoil over time and you lose access to them. And this process is speeded up by improper work with the computer.
On the existence of several bad sectors without the use of special programs, you probably will not know. They have practically no effect on the computer and become a real problem only in large numbers.
Computer hanging when trying to access any files, long copying from one partition to another, errors and rebooting the PC - all this may be the result of a large number of bad blocks on your "screw". Some of them can be corrected, and some can not be treated. Due to this feature and the nature of the damage, all broken sectors can be divided into two types: physical and logical.
- Physical badges are the result of damage (for example), dust entering the hard drive and normal wear and tear of equipment. The main thing to understand is that in such cases, which is no longer subject to recovery. It would be a miracle even for ordinary data recovery from such sectors;
- Logical badges appear under the influence of viruses, errors file system and incorrect recording of information on the disk (for example, a sudden shutdown of the computer while copying files or other active work). In such cases, not the magnetic coverage of the sector is damaged, but its data. Such broken sectors are subject to treatment and they can be corrected using a variety of programs in ordinary home conditions.
Software for recovering hard drive sectors
Microsoft provides a built-in utility chkdsk to work with hard drives. By default, the utility only checks for file system errors, but if you add a key / f, then chkdsk will check the disk for bad blocks and try to fix them automatically. Of course, there are many alternative solutions from third-party manufacturers for hard check disk and fix the broken sectors, which can easily be found on the Internet. On the most popular of them, let's talk a little more:
- Victoria - probably the most popular program for testing hard drives and recovering the damaged sectors on the hard disk. Can be used not only for treatment, but also for testing equipment. As the developers themselves note, when interacting with the hard drive, it ignores the file system and operates at the I / O port level. This property provides the most efficient and high-quality work. In addition, there are two versions of the program, one of which runs directly from under Windows, and the other from under DOS. The latter is more universal, but also recommended for use by experienced users.
- MHDD - Another popular program that works with equipment through the controller ports. Also has two versions (Windows and DOS), both of which are completely free. It is characterized by a very fast work speed, which does not affect its quality in any way. In addition, gives full statistics on your device: the number of cycles of turning on and off, the number of revolutions of the spindle, etc. For a minus, you can calculate the unfriendly interface of the program, which will become a problem for inexperienced users.
- HDD Regenerator - a unique program, which, according to developers, can restore even physical damage. The point is that often physically damaged sectors have an incorrect magnetization, which eliminates this program. The rest of the set of features and capabilities is similar to the above utilities.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the main danger of breakage hard disks is not in themselves, but in the information that is stored on them. For example, if a video card is out of order, then it can simply be replaced. If you have a winchester, then all the materials that are often so important for us will be lost along with it. Therefore, even if you do not notice signs of poor performance of the hard drive, from time to time, conduct its testing. After all, trouble is much easier to prevent than to correct.
A hard drive is a fairly fragile device. Broken sectors are damaged cells for storing information on the hard disk. After some time using the hard disk, there may be a problem with the broken sectors. Therefore, it is so important from time to time to repair the broken sectors.
This is easily done with the help of various programs, but first you need to determine whether there are broken sectors. About this, as well as how to restore the boot sector of the hard drive, our article.
How to Repair a Corrupted Disk Sector
There are many ways to restore the boot sector of the disk. Let's consider several of these methods in detail.
How to recover sectors via Windows
If there is an opportunity to enter the OS, then recovering the hard drive will not require much effort. To do this, you must call context menu hard drive and select "Properties".
In the new window that opens, select the "Tools" tab, where we click on the "Execute Check" item. We tick off the items "Automatically correct system errors" and "check and repair bad sectors". After that, we run the test.
If the drive is system, then a reboot will occur and the verification process will begin. If the disk is not system-wide, then the test will pass without rebooting.
The system itself will find all the errors and will restore. Then it displays the statistics of the work done.
But sometimes it happens that the OS does not boot because of the broken sectors.
How to restore broken sectors if the OS does not start
If Windows does not start, you can take a virtual system disk and load a virtual OS. In it, all the actions to restore the hard drive are done in the same way as in the previous section.
If you do not have a virtual disk with the OS, then installation windows disk. After downloading it, you must select "System Restore". The Recovery Console appears, where you select local disk with your OS. Usually it's a C: drive.
After the reboot, the console appears where you need to enter the command "CHKDSK [drive:]", where:
- / F is a disk check and error correction,
- / R is the search and recovery of bad sectors.
After that we press "Enter", we wait, when recovery begins. Then we exit the console and reboot the computer. All is ready.
How to restore sectors using programs
To restore the broken sectors on the hard disk, there are many programs that can be easily downloaded from the Internet. Let's consider their principle of operation on an example of program HDD Regenerator.
The program restores the broken sectors, re-magnetizing them again. This is achieved by creating a virtual flash drive.
After installation, run the program. In the window that opens, you will see several options in Russian. You can restore the broken sectors both in the Operating system, and using a flash drive or a regular disk from the console.
The program will check the bad sectors (broken) and restore them. To use the program as efficiently as possible, it is better to use a bootable USB flash drive or disk that is created after the program is installed.
In this article we will talk about the recovery of the hard disk sectors and the reasons for their appearance. Step-by-Step Instructions will help you prepare for this procedure and deal with it yourself.
What are the broken sectors?
Let's briefly review the structure of the hard drive. It consists of several separate disks, above which are magnetic heads, designed for reading and writing information. When storing head data, certain areas of the disk are divided into tracks and smaller components-sectors. They contain information units. If the sector becomes inaccessible for reading - it is called "broken".
On the appearance of such a problem, several signs show:
- creaking, screeching, tapping while the disc is working;
- hDD surface heating (in the normal state this should not happen);
- frequent errors while running and running the operating system.
Common causes
The main reasons for the appearance of broken segments of the hard drive are:
Also, failures in the hard drive may appear due to mechanical damage. They are often caused by the fall of a hard drive or computer, resulting in damage to the magnetic surface (for example, during transportation). There are non-working parts and because of factory marriage. In this case, they may not appear immediately, but "pour" over time, rapidly increasing their number to a critical level.
Important! If you suspect a mechanical damage or marriage, you should immediately contact a specialist or exchange the hard drive under warranty.
Restoring the broken sectors of HDD using Victoria
If the appearance of broken segments is associated with software failures, then they can be recovered with the help of specialized software. One such program to restore the broken sectors of hdd is Victoria. The utility is released in two versions - for Windows and DOS. The most effective recovery will be through DOS, because some sectors may be busy when operating the OS, which means they are not available for scanning.
Scanning
To start working we will need to do a little preparation. First, you need a disk with a program image recorded on it or a bootable USB flash drive. If everyone can handle the recording of an image, then with the creation of a flash drive there can be difficulties.
Let us dwell in more detail at this step:
Note! The program takes up very little space, so after installing it, the drive can be used to store other information. In order not to accidentally delete the files necessary for the operation of the utility, it is recommended to allocate a separate folder for them.
Proceed to the scanning process:
Here we need item «Reallocated sector count»in which the number of fragments in the standby zone is displayed, and "Current pending sectors", where parts that can not be read are displayed. If their number is not very high, then the disk is subject to recovery.
Recovering the Hard Drive
Let's see how this process is going on. Problem segments can be conditionally divided into two types. The first are not readable due to the mismatch of the information stored in them and its checksums.
This error occurs in the case of a power failure, when new data has already been written, and the checksums remain old. They simply cease to be recognized and restored quite easily - by their formatting and recording of correct amounts.
The second type occurs as a consequence of mechanical damage. In this case, recovery is more difficult, but still possible. The resumption of the operability of such parts is carried out by using the spare areas that are on each hard drive.
We begin to restore each of these types of errors.
Video: HDD - "treat" broken sectors
First, we try to fix the broken sectors by erasing the information stored in them:
- press F4 and go to the checkout menu;
- in the menu for selecting operations with unreadable sectors, specify "BB: Erase 256 sect" and press "Enter".
A long process of scanning and recovering the damaged sectors of the HDD will be launched. If the program finds a faulty sector, it will try to erase it, thereby correcting the error. If there is a mechanical defect, an error will be reported. In any case, it is necessary to wait for the complete end of the check and then separately to correct the sectors with physical malfunctions.
For this:
Now the recovery operation will work on a different principle, trying not to erase the damaged sectors, but to replace them with space from the backup area.
Important! If there are a lot of such sectors, the backup space may end. This will be reported by a special message, and further recovery will be impossible.
After successful recovery of the broken sectors on the hard disk, it is recommended to perform a full scan of the file system for errors.
You can do this with the help of the utility CHKDSK or in the following way:
Attention! In order for the system not only to find, but also to fix the problems, before selecting the scan, select "Automatically correct system errors".
The methods described above will help you easily cope with non-critical cases of the emergence of troubled sectors, find and correct them. Accurately following our instructions, any user can do it themselves without even having computer education. We hope that this information was useful for you.
