Search engines on the Internet briefly. Yahoo search engine

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1. History of "Google"

Many of us, faced with the problem of finding information on the network, turn to the smartest search engine Google for help. Today, Google is the largest search engine in the world, its database of indexed documents is approaching 3 billion. Every day, hundreds of thousands of RuNet users come to the site. How many people know the history of Google? For example, why Google, where does this name come from? Why the smartest search engine? Let's figure it out.

A bit of history. The Google project was developed in 1998. Its founders are Stanford alumni Larry Page (Larry Page) and Sergey Brin (Sergey Brin). For ranking documents they came up with new technology - PageRank. If you do not go into details, its essence is as follows, the more sites have links to this document, and the more authoritative they are, the more authoritative this document is. But besides this, when determining relevance, not only the text of the source document is used, but also the text of those links that link to it. That is why it is often said that Google is the smartest search engine.

An interesting story with the name of the project. With Yandex and Rambler, everything is clear: in the first case, the name in the translation means “I'm looking for”, in the second “wandering person”, that is, a tramp on the Internet. And what kind of strange word is Google, which, by the way, does not translate into Russian?

When Sergey and Larry puzzled over how to christen their creation, they came across a note about the origin of the word googol (gugo? L). In 1938, an American scientist, mathematician Edward Kasner (Edward Kasner, 1878-1955), walked in the park with his nephews. The conversation gently went about more numbers. And as usual, children ask adults, nephews were interested in the name of the number with 6, 9 and zeros .... Until one of them asked: “Uncle Edward, what’s the name of a number with one hundred zeros?” It turned out that the mathematician did not know his name, no one had just invented it. And then he invited his companions to choose it themselves. Milton Sirott, the youngest of his nephews, then 9 years old, coined the word “googol” (googol), and they called this number, and in his honor the search engine. Google - according to one version, this is a distorted spelling of the googol number, according to another, an error was made when registering the service, hence the name. I don’t know if Little Milton could have thought that his invention would become so popular? Probably, not.

Most Internet users have preferred Google search. The reason for their choice is the quality of the work of this company. At first, Google provided only a service such as search. But now, in addition to search, the company has many other interesting and useful services that have long gained authority in the eyes of users. The most useful and popular services created by Google are:

1. Gmail - mail created by Google programmers. The mailbox on Gmail immediately became the main one for many users. There is a wonderful intuitive interface. The service works quickly and without delay. Anyone who has not punched Gmail, I recommend registering there.

2. Google webmasters - this service was created specifically for site owners, webmasters, optimizers, etc. This service provides basic statements about your site: the number of links to the site, the most popular searches, keywords, page loading speed. All these indicators will help you improve and improve your site.

3. Rss reader. Many internet users read blogs. And with the help of this service you can subscribe to the newsletter of blogs you are interested in. You will not need to go to the blog every time, all updates will come to you themselves. There are many other similar services, but the Rss reader is one of the best.

5. Google calendar. It’s clear that this is not a simple calendar. This is a service with which you can schedule important events of the day. So you will never forget the events that should happen. An interesting calendar and the fact that you can open access to the calendar. And other people will know about your plans for the future.

Google: a special approach to creating software products

2. History of Google 2

Google is a company with a non-standard approach. For example, Google has its own file system, as well as servers using conventional computer components. But at the same time, the now widely known "empty" interface home page Google is not a conscious decision, but a compulsory need. The creators of earlier versions of the search engine simply did not know HTML, so they had to make the page very simple. Initially, there wasn’t even a “Submit” button, there was always something, it was necessary to press using your keyboard.

However, now Google is the main candidate who can take the place of software developer number 1. This is despite the fact that the company is one of the largest corporate clients AMD and intends to independently engage in the design of computers and hardware for their own needs.

The trend that was launched by Google and is now actively advancing is flexible. software browser. Software that should not apply the settings immediately for all sites viewed, but can save custom sets of options separately. Simple but brilliant. Perhaps the main reason for the success of Google services is the emphasis on user needs and the highest quality of their solutions.

Look at the very popular Gmail, which attracted Internet users at one time in gigantic size. mailbox - as much as 2 gigabytes. Competitors are currently offering the same or larger volumes, but Google has found a decent answer here. After all, Gmail is actually browser software - software that adapts to the needs of the user.

Output Google Chrome - a significant case in a number of decent attitudes towards Google in an attempt to capture this market. Today, Google offers such options for user services: search, maps, mail, automatically uploaded videos, not so long ago - mobile phone and then finally a browser appeared. With this competition, it is obvious that several strong players will have complete control over the market niche. In addition to a good interface and quick work in the new browser, JavaScript was another reason that forced users to replace their favorite browser Chrome. There are no obvious benefits (like Gmail - the size of the mailbox a few years ago). Google android many foreign observers have called the “iPhone Kill”. Despite the “google phone” interface, finger control functions on the full keyboard at the bottom of the screen, the phone already has at least three advantages: an iPhone-like interface, a keyboard, and most importantly, openness operating system. In addition, it is clear to everyone that Google is able to gather Android developer communities around itself, attract companies to order software or create it independently, using the company's staff. This is nothing more than attracting customers with a rich selection of different programs, including freely distributed GNU licenses.

Google Documents is a ready-made custom office suite with the ability to work together (you can even see in real time how someone you give access to is editing a document). To organize such maintenance tools, usually you have to at least buy some software, install and start the server. Here is a fairly simple registration with reference to the mail account.

It is worth noting that the requirement of independence of Google browser software has not been confirmed. This is about trying to seize a monopoly in the industry and the desire to seize full control over users, before forcing the storage of passport data in the registration of services.

These statements sound very unprofessional, and, in addition, are refuted by actual events - Google, for example, has reduced the expiration date of Cookies and databases where past user requests are stored. This confirms that the main goal is to provide popular, convenient, innovative services designed to prepare the industry for the next level.

Why is this a velvet revolution?

Mass "monsters" is a market initiative of Google. But no one announces this out loud. For example, a serious drawback of browser software is a program that stops working if contact with the Internet is lost. Google solves this problem, other giants of the software market are also developing such solutions. It shows scale trends. Market leaders understand that very soon the Internet will be everywhere (due to the development and cheapening of mobile access), and the movement will be free, so it is easier and more convenient to offer software for any custom browsers. google search browser interface

Of course, at present, the situation with high-quality and affordable Internet connection is not resolved to the end - in some areas there are still problems. But the trends in the market promise of the service provider are to solve such problems in the near future.

Today, there are many services implemented directly in the browser. This is editing photos, converting files, creating slide shows and many others.

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Google ranking features

Western and Russian-language Google noticeably differ in the ranking of sites. Whereas in Western SEO, the sale of links is prohibited and severely punished since the 2000s, in Russia everything is just beginning. The first serious step in this direction was the penguin algorithm. Before him, sites easily reached the top after automated catalog searches (for example, by a hruder, an auto-submitter). Now, such runs are more likely to harm the position of the site than to improve them.

Google has special parameter, which is calculated for each page of the site - PageRank (PR). The PR value can take from 0 to 10 in steps of 1. Moreover, the higher this figure, the harder it is to achieve. Many SEO experts have established a logarithmic dependence of the seventh degree. For example, getting PR \u003d 2 is 7 times harder than PR \u003d 1, getting PR \u003d 5 is 7 times harder than PR \u003d 4 and 49 times harder than PR \u003d 3. If the site has very few backlinks, then the PR value usually does not exceed 3. PR \u003d 3 and higher, as a rule, sites that purchase links receive it. For a regular webmaster, PR \u003d 5 is the limit. Very rarely you can meet ordinary people with PR \u003d 6. Such high rates usually have popular sites and sites of large organizations.

Usually the PageRank of the main page is greater than the internal, but there are exceptions. A typical situation is this picture: for example, for the main page PR4, for pages with a nesting level of 2 - PR2, PR3, etc. The higher the nesting level, the lower the PR.

It is believed that sites with high PageRank (PR) are ranked higher, but I do not agree with them. If you analyze the sites from the issuance for any request, then you can find sites with PR \u003d 4, and with PR \u003d 0. Therefore, it is hardly possible to say about some kind of dependence of positions and PR.

Google Search Robots

Googlebot - The main search robot, which scans the contents of the page to compose indexing and page cache;
Googlebot-image - A search robot that crawls images on the page;
Mediapartners-google - checks the content of pages for Adsense ads;
Adsbot-google - quality control of the content of those sites that are advertised in Adwords;
Googlebot-mobile - A search robot for indexing mobile sites;
Google Search Appliance - indexing for google devices Search Appliance

Google Services

Google has a lot of services, we list the most basic:

Google Search is the main service that responds to user requests;
Gmail - service email;
Blogger is a free blogging service. It is very popular among bloggers;
Adsense and Adwords-contextual advertising services;
Maps - detailed map compiled by satellite;
Google plus - a new social network that has a chance to become very popular;

What search engines are most popular on the Internet, and in its domestic segment? What is the difference between one search engine and another? What is the best search engine?

Search system - a software and hardware complex with a web interface that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet.

Rating of Russian search engines (according to Liveinternet 2014)

1. Yandex -
   2. Google -
   3. Mail -
   4. Rambler -
   5. Bing -

53,9%
35,1%
8,3%
0,9%
0,6%

Global Search Engine Rankings (NetMarketShare 2014)

Brief description of the Yandex search engine

Yandex is the largest domestic search engine. Established September 23, 1997 Recently, Yandex has been actively entering the international level and already has localized versions of the service in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Turkey. In addition to search, Yandex provides a lot additional features, including, free hosting People.ru, a service for blogging Ya.ru, post service, the Yandex.Direct advertising network, and, in addition, recently, Yandex has been actively promoting its own browser. In addition to the main search, Yandex provides the ability to search blogs, pictures and videos.

In 2011, a new method was developed and introduced. machine learning "Matrixnet", which greatly improved the quality of the search.

In addition, in 2011, Yandex placed shares on the US Nasdaq high-tech exchange, which is a landmark event for domestic Internet companies.

In December 2012 Has been introduced new algorithm "Kaliningrad", which allowed to make the search personalized. This means that now the main ranking factor is the user himself, who generates a query for the search engine. In other words, search results for the same issue for two different users will now vary depending on the needs and preferences of the users themselves. This is a new step in the evolution of search engines.

Among the innovations of Yandex include:

introduction of geo-dependency of requests depending on the regional affiliation of the user and site
taking into account behavioral factors;
development of a mechanism for prompts, correction of errors and recognition of abbreviations;
active struggle with sales links and re-optimized texts;
introduction of personalized search;
accounting for the additional semantic value of the site.

A brief description of the Google search engine

A recognized leader among search engines. The search engine appeared in 1996, and was originally intended to be searched in a file cabinet of the Stanford library. Google Inc. was founded in 1998. AT currently has over 100 regional versions in various countries. In addition, Google is not only a search, but also more than 50 different services, including the most popular google browser Chrome

Indexed pages - over 3,000,000,000 pages.
Full frame support.
Types of indexed files - PDF, CGI, ASP, JSP, CFM, PHP.
Meta tag support is the most important tag - title.
Database update - once every 60 days.
The average indexing time is from 48 hours to 2 weeks.
Fast indexing - no.
Provides data for - Topclick.com, Yahoo, Netscape, EarthLink.net
Paid Links - Google AdWords - own program contextual advertising for the selected keywords.
Directory Search Results — Use the Open Directory Project directory.
Frequency keywords - Keywords should be mentioned in the first third of the document. It is necessary to use synonyms and words on the selected topic throughout the site. Recommended keyword frequency - from 0 to 12% - cases of high ranking are possible only due to high PageRank.
Link Popularity is very important. If there are no external links, the document will not be indexed.

Brief description of the Bing search engine

Currently, Bing site takes 3rd place in the list of the most popular search sites in terms of traffic volume, in contrast to which it has a number of exclusive features, such as dynamically adjusting the amount of information displayed for each search result (for example, only title, short or large summary).

daily changing themes start page with information blocks;
output of refinement options search queries in certain categories;
video with automatically starting preview;
additional data for each search result;
built-in service for finding routes (other special search services will appear soon);
features that enhance usability when searching for information, images and videos.

Despite all the features of popular search engines, they cannot solve all the problems. In particular, it is not always convenient to use them to search for scientific information. For these purposes, there are special scientific search engines.