CSS color codes are used to specify a color. Typically, color codes or color values \u200b\u200bare used to set the color for either the foreground of an element (for example, text color, link color) or for the background of an element (background color, block color). They can also be used to change the color of a button, border, marker, hover, and other decorative effects.
You can set your own color values \u200b\u200bin various formats. The following table lists all possible formats:
The listed formats are described in more detail below.
CSS colors - hex codes
Hexadecimal color code is a six-digit color representation. The first two digits (RR) are the red value, the next two are the green value (GG) and the last two are the blue value (BB).
CSS colors - short hex codes
Short hex color code is the shorter form of six-digit notation. In this format, each digit is repeated to produce the equivalent six-digit color value. For example: # 0F0 becomes # 00FF00.
The hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphic softwaresuch as Adobe Photoshop, Core Draw, etc.
Each hexadecimal color code in CSS will be preceded by a hash sign "#". The following are examples of using hexadecimal notation.
CSS colors - RGB values
RGB value is a color code that is set using the rgb () property. This property takes three values, one each for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer, from 0 to 255, or a percentage.
Note: not all browsers support the rgb () color property, so it's not recommended to use it.
Below is an example showing multiple colors using RGB values.
Color Code Generator
You can create millions of color codes using our service.
Safe Browser Colors
Below is a table of 216 colors that are the safest and most computer independent. These CSS colors range from 000000 to FFFFFF hexadecimal. They are safe to use because they ensure that all computers display color correctly when working with a 256 color palette.
CSS "safe" color table | |||||
#000000 | #000033 | #000066 | #000099 | # 0000CC | # 0000FF |
#003300 | #003333 | #003366 | #003399 | # 0033CC | # 0033FF |
#006600 | #006633 | #006666 | #006699 | # 0066CC | # 0066FF |
#009900 | #009933 | #009966 | #009999 | # 0099CC | # 0099FF |
# 00CC00 | # 00CC33 | # 00CC66 | # 00CC99 | # 00CCCC | # 00CCFF |
# 00FF00 | # 00FF33 | # 00FF66 | # 00FF99 | # 00FFCC | # 00FFFF |
#330000 | #330033 | #330066 | #330099 | # 3300CC | # 3300FF |
#333300 | #333333 | #333366 | #333399 | # 3333CC | # 3333FF |
#336600 | #336633 | #336666 | #336699 | # 3366CC | # 3366FF |
#339900 | #339933 | #339966 | #339999 | # 3399CC | # 3399FF |
# 33CC00 | # 33CC33 | # 33CC66 | # 33CC99 | # 33CCCC | # 33CCFF |
# 33FF00 | # 33FF33 | # 33FF66 | # 33FF99 | # 33FFCC | # 33FFFF |
#660000 | #660033 | #660066 | #660099 | # 6600CC | # 6600FF |
#663300 | #663333 | #663366 | #663399 | # 6633CC | # 6633FF |
#666600 | #666633 | #666666 | #666699 | # 6666CC | # 6666FF |
#669900 | #669933 | #669966 | #669999 | # 6699CC | # 6699FF |
# 66CC00 | # 66CC33 | # 66CC66 | # 66CC99 | # 66CCCC | # 66CCFF |
# 66FF00 | # 66FF33 | # 66FF66 | # 66FF99 | # 66FFCC | # 66FFFF |
#990000 | #990033 | #990066 | #990099 | # 9900CC | # 9900FF |
#993300 | #993333 | #993366 | #993399 | # 9933CC | # 9933FF |
#996600 | #996633 | #996666 | #996699 | # 9966CC | # 9966FF |
#999900 | #999933 | #999966 | #999999 | # 9999CC | # 9999FF |
# 99CC00 | # 99CC33 | # 99CC66 | # 99CC99 | # 99CCCC | # 99CCFF |
# 99FF00 | # 99FF33 | # 99FF66 | # 99FF99 | # 99FFCC | # 99FFFF |
# CC0000 | # CC0033 | # CC0066 | # CC0099 | # CC00CC | # CC00FF |
# CC3300 | # CC3333 | # CC3366 | # CC3399 | # CC33CC | # CC33FF |
# CC6600 | # CC6633 | # CC6666 | # CC6699 | # CC66CC | # CC66FF |
# CC9900 | # CC9933 | # CC9966 | # CC9999 | # CC99CC | # CC99FF |
# CCCC00 | # CCCC33 | # CCCC66 | # CCCC99 | #CCCCCC | #CCCCFF |
# CCFF00 | # CCFF33 | # CCFF66 | # CCFF99 | #CCFFCC | #CCFFFF |
# FF0000 | # FF0033 | # FF0066 | # FF0099 | # FF00CC | # FF00FF |
# FF3300 | # FF3333 | # FF3366 | # FF3399 | # FF33CC | # FF33FF |
# FF6600 | # FF6633 | # FF6666 | # FF6699 | # FF66CC | # FF66FF |
# FF9900 | # FF9933 | # FF9966 | # FF9999 | # FF99CC | # FF99FF |
# FFCC00 | # FFCC33 | # FFCC66 | # FFCC99 | #FFCCCC | #FFCCFF |
# FFFF00 | # FFFF33 | # FFFF66 | # FFFF99 | #FFFFCC | #FFFFFF |
Vlad Merzhevich
In HTML, a color is specified in one of two ways: using a hexadecimal code and by the name of some colors. A method based on hexadecimal system calculus as the most versatile.
Hexadecimal colors
Hexadecimal numbers are used to specify colors in HTML. The hexadecimal system, in contrast to the decimal system, is based, as its name suggests, on the number 16. The numbers will be as follows: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Numbers from 10 to 15 are replaced by Latin letters. Table 6.1 shows the correspondence between decimal and hexadecimal numbers.
Numbers greater than 15 in the hexadecimal system are formed by combining two numbers into one (Table 6.2). For example, 255 decimal is FF hexadecimal.
To avoid confusion in the definition of the number system, the hash character # is placed in front of the hexadecimal number, for example # aa69cc. In this case, the register does not matter, so it is permissible to write # F0F0F0 or # f0f0f0.
A typical color used in HTML looks like this.
Here, the background color of the web page is set to # FA8E47. The hash # in front of a number means it is hexadecimal. The first two digits (FA) identify the red component of the color, the third through fourth digits (8E) are green, and the last two digits (47) are blue. The result is this color.
FA | + | 8E | + | 47 | = | FA8E47 |
Each of the three colors - red, green, and blue - can take values \u200b\u200bfrom 00 to FF, resulting in 256 shades. Thus, the total number of colors can be 256x256x256 \u003d 16.777.216 combinations. The color model based on red, green and blue components is called RGB (red, green, blue; red, green, blue). This model is additive (from add - to add), in which the addition of all three components forms white.
To make it easier to navigate in hexadecimal colors, consider some rules.
- If the values \u200b\u200bof the color components are the same (for example: # D6D6D6), then you get a gray tint. The larger the number, the lighter the color, the values \u200b\u200bvary from # 000000 (black) to #FFFFFF (white).
- A bright red color is formed if the red component is set to maximum (FF), and the rest of the components are set to zero. The color # FF0000 is the reddest possible red tint. The same is the case with green (# 00FF00) and blue (# 0000FF).
- Yellow (# FFFF00) is obtained by mixing red with green. This is clearly visible on the color wheel (Fig. 6.1), where the primary colors (red, green, blue) and complementary or complementary colors are presented. These include yellow, cyan, and purple (also called magenta). In general, any color can be obtained by mixing the nearby colors. Thus, cyan (# 00FFFF) is obtained by combining blue and green.
Figure: 6.1. Color circle
Hexadecimal colors do not need to be selected empirically. For this purpose, graphics editorable to work with different color models, for example, Adobe Photoshop. In fig. 6.2 shows a window for choosing a color in this program, the resulting hexadecimal value of the current color is outlined with a line. You can copy and paste it into your code.
Figure: 6.2. Window for choosing a color in photoshop
Web colors
If you set the color quality of the monitor to 8 bit (256 colors), then the same color can be displayed in different browsers in my own way. This is due to the way graphics are displayed, when the browser is working with its own palette and cannot show a color that it does not have in the palette. In this case, the color is replaced by a combination of pixels of other, close to it, colors that imitate the specified one. To keep the color unchanged in different browsers, a palette of so-called web colors was introduced. Web colors are such colors, for each component of which - red, green and blue - one of six values \u200b\u200bis set - 0 (00), 51 (33), 102 (66), 153 (99), 204 (CC), 255 (FF). The hexadecimal value of this component is indicated in brackets. The total number of colors from all possible combinations gives 6x6x6 - 216 colors. An example of a web color is # 33FF66.
The main feature of web color is that it appears the same across all browsers. At the moment, the relevance of web colors is very small due to the increase in the quality of monitors and the expansion of their capabilities.
Colors by name
In order not to memorize a set of numbers, you can use the names of commonly used colors instead. Table 6.3 lists the names of popular color names.
Color name | Colour | Description | Hexadecimal value |
---|---|---|---|
black | The black | #000000 | |
blue | Blue | # 0000FF | |
fuchsia | Light purple | # FF00FF | |
gray | Dark grey | #808080 | |
green | Green | #008000 | |
lime | Light green | # 00FF00 | |
maroon | Dark red | #800000 | |
navy | Navy blue | #000080 | |
olive | Olive | #808000 | |
purple | Dark purple | #800080 | |
red | Red | # FF0000 | |
silver | Light gray | # C0C0C0 | |
teal | Blue green | #008080 | |
white | White | #FFFFFF | |
yellow | Yellow | # FFFF00 |
It doesn't matter in which way you specify the color - by its name or using hexadecimal numbers. These methods are equal in their action. Example 6.1 shows how to set the background and text color of a web page.
Example 6.1. Background and text color
Sample text
IN this example the background color is set using the bgcolor attribute of the tag
, and the text color through the text attribute. For a change, the text attribute is set to a hexadecimal number, and bgcolor is set to the teal reserved keyword.HEX / HTML
HEX color is nothing more than RGB hexadecimal representation.
Colors are represented as three groups of hexadecimal digits, where each group is responsible for its own color: # 112233, where 11 is red, 22 is green, 33 is blue. All values \u200b\u200bmust be between 00 and FF.
In many applications, an abbreviated form of notation for hexadecimal colors is allowed. If each of the three groups contains the same characters, for example # 112233, then they can be written as # 123.
- h1 (color: # ff0000;) / * red * /
- h2 (color: # 00ff00;) / * green * /
- h3 (color: # 0000ff;) / * blue * /
- h4 (color: # 00f;) / * same blue, shorthand * /
RGB
The RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color space consists of all possible colors that can be obtained by mixing red, green, and blue. This model is popular in photography, television, and computer graphics.
RGB values \u200b\u200bare specified as an integer from 0 to 255. For example, rgb (0,0,255) is displayed as blue because the blue parameter is set to its highest value (255) and the rest are set to 0.
Some applications (notably web browsers) support percentage writing of RGB values \u200b\u200b(from 0% to 100%).
- h1 (color: rgb (255, 0, 0);) / * red * /
- h2 (color: rgb (0, 255, 0);) / * green * /
- h3 (color: rgb (0, 0, 255);) / * blue * /
- h4 (color: rgb (0%, 0%, 100%);) / * same blue, percentage writing * /
RGB color values \u200b\u200bare supported in all major browsers.
RGBA
Recently, modern browsers have learned to work with color rGB modelA - an RGB extension with support for an alpha channel, which determines the opacity of the object.
RGBA color value is specified as: rgba (red, green, blue, alpha). Alpha is a number ranging from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque).
- h1 (color: rgb (0, 0, 255);) / * blue in normal RGB * /
- h2 (color: rgba (0, 0, 255, 1);) / * same blue in RGBA, because opacity: 100% * /
- h3 (color: rgba (0, 0, 255, 0.5);) / * opacity: 50% * /
- h4 (color: rgba (0, 0, 255, .155);) / * opacity: 15.5% * /
- h5 (color: rgba (0, 0, 255, 0);) / * completely transparent * /
RGBA is supported in IE9 +, Firefox 3+, Chrome, Safari, and Opera 10+.
Hsl
The HSL color model is a cylindrical representation of the RGB model. HSL represents colors in a more intuitive and understandable way than typical RGB. The model is often used in graphics applications, in color pickers, and for image analysis.
HSL stands for Hue (color / hue), Saturation (saturation), Lightness / Luminance (lightness / lightness / luminance, not to be confused with brightness).
Hue sets the position of the color on the color wheel (from 0 to 360). Saturation is a percentage of saturation (0% to 100%). Lightness is the percentage of lightness (0% to 100%).
- h1 (color: hsl (120, 100%, 50%);) / * green * /
- h2 (color: hsl (120, 100%, 75%);) / * light green * /
- h3 (color: hsl (120, 100%, 25%);) / * dark green * /
- h4 (color: hsl (120, 60%, 70%);) / * pastel green * /
HSL is supported in IE9 +, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera 10+.
HSLA
Similar to RGB / RGBA, HSL has an HSLA mode with an alpha channel to specify the opacity of an object.
The HSLA color value is given as: hsla (hue, saturation, lightness, alpha). Alpha is a number ranging from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque).
- h1 (color: hsl (120, 100%, 50%);) / * green in normal HSL * /
- h2 (color: hsla (120, 100%, 50%, 1);) / * the same green in HSLA, because opacity: 100% * /
- h3 (color: hsla (120, 100%, 50%, 0.5);) / * opacity: 50% * /
- h4 (color: hsla (120, 100%, 50%, .155);) / * opacity: 15.5% * /
- h5 (color: hsla (120, 100%, 50%, 0);) / * completely transparent * /
CMYK
The CMYK color model is often associated with color printing, with printing. CMYK (as opposed to RGB) is a subtractive model, which means that higher values \u200b\u200bare associated with darker colors.
The colors are defined by the ratio of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, plus black (Key / blacK).
Each of the numbers that determine the color in CMYK represents the percentage of ink of a given color that makes up a color combination, or rather, the size of a raster dot displayed on a photosetter on a film of a given color (or directly on a printing plate in the case of CTP).
For example, to obtain the color PANTONE 7526, mix 9 parts cyan, 83 magenta, 100 yellow, and 46 black. This can be indicated as follows: (9,83,100,46). Sometimes they use such designations: C9M83Y100K46, or (9%, 83%, 100%, 46%), or (0.09 / 0.83 / 1.0 / 0.46).
HSB / HSV
HSB (also known as HSV) is similar to HSL, but they are two different color models. They are both based on cylindrical geometry, but HSB / HSV is based on the "hexcone" model, while the HSL is based on the "bi-hexcone" model. Artists often prefer to use this model, it is generally accepted that the HSB / HSV device is closer to natural color perception. In particular, the HSB color model is used in Adobe Photoshop.
HSB / HSV stands for Hue (color / hue), Saturation (saturation), Brightness / Value (brightness / value).
Hue sets the position of the color on the color wheel (from 0 to 360). Saturation is a percentage of saturation (0% to 100%). Brightness is the percentage of brightness (0% to 100%).
XYZ
The XYZ color model (CIE 1931 XYZ) is a purely mathematical space. Unlike RGB, CMYK, and other models, in XYZ, the main components are "imaginary", that is, you cannot relate X, Y, and Z to any set of colors to mix. XYZ is the master model for almost all other color models used in technical fields.
LAB
The LAB color model (CIELAB, "CIE 1976 L * a * b *") is calculated from the CIE XYZ space. When developing Lab, the goal was to create a color space in which the color change will be more linear from the point of view of human perception (compared to XYZ), that is, so that the same change in color coordinate values \u200b\u200bin different regions of the color space produces the same color change sensation.
\u003e\u003e Color management
Hexadecimal RGB color values
The methods of describing and processing color differ from each other in what final presentation they are intended for. Let us compare, for example, the representations of colors for printing and for computer monitors. In the first case, the basis is taken white the color of the paper on which the three primary colors are subsequently applied: blue, purple and yellow... Mixing with each other and with the white color of the paper in different proportions, these three primary colors give different color shades, except for pure black, or, in the complete absence of colors, give the white color of the paper. If we also add black to them, we get CMYK- a method of color rendering when the required color is obtained by subtracting the missing colors from white
In the second case, the basis is taken the black the color of the monitor screen, each cell of which glows in one of three colors: red-red, green-green and blue-blue. Then, in the complete absence of any glow, we get a pure black screen color, and any of the required colors is set by the ratio of each of the three colors. In this case, we get RGB-the way of color transfer. Primary colors can range from 0
before 255
, or from 0%
before 100%
, or can be represented as a hexadecimal value. In the picture below, you can see the results of mixing the primary colors.
The hexadecimal number system, in contrast to the decimal number, in its row of digits has not ten digits, but sixteen - hence the name. Accordingly, non-repeating variants of combinations of two digits can only be - 256 , to continue a series of digits after 9 letters from A before Fhence the series will look like this -
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F. |
In this case, the color is specified by three hexadecimal numbers, each of which consists of two digits. The first number determines the intensity red colors, average green, last thing- blue colors. All numbers can take values \u200b\u200bin the range from 00 before FF (from 0 to 255). For example: green is given as # 00FF00, red - like # FF0000, blue - like # 0000FF, white - like #FFFFFF, complete absence of color or black is given as #000000 .
In the form below you can set any hexadecimal values \u200b\u200bof each of the three colors and see the result of their mixing by clicking in the output field.
Examples of some of the hexadecimal RGB color values \u200b\u200bare gradations of red, blue, and green.
view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code |
#010000 | #800000 | #000100 | #008000 | #000001 | #000080 | ||||||
#100000 | #900000 | #001000 | #009000 | #000010 | #000090 | ||||||
#200000 | # A00000 | #002000 | # 00A000 | #000020 | # 0000A0 | ||||||
#300000 | # B00000 | #003000 | # 00B000 | #000030 | # 0000B0 | ||||||
#400000 | # C00000 | #004000 | # 00C000 | #000040 | # 0000C0 | ||||||
#500000 | # D00000 | #005000 | # 00D000 | #000050 | # 0000D0 | ||||||
#600000 | # E00000 | #006000 | # 00E000 | #000060 | # 0000E0 | ||||||
#700000 | # FF0000 | #007000 | # 00FF00 | #000070 | # 0000FF |
Specifying a color using string literals
For ease of use, some colors and their combinations have been assigned names that are recognized by all browsers, and it became possible to set many of them by name. The table below shows some of the color names:
view | name | view | name | view | name | view | name |
White | Red | Orange | Yellow | ||||
Green | Blue | Purple | Black | ||||
Aliceblue | Antiquewhite | Aqua | Aquamarine | ||||
Azure | Beige | Bisque | Blanchedalmond | ||||
Blueviolet | Brown | Burlywood | Cadetblue | ||||
Chartreuse | Chocolate | Coral | Cornflowerblue | ||||
Cornsilk | Crimson | Cyan | Darkblue | ||||
Darkcyan | Darkgoldenrod | Darkgray | Darkgreen | ||||
Darkkhaki | Darkmagenta | Darkolivegreen | Darkorange | ||||
Darkorchid | Darkred | Darksalmon | Darkseagreen | ||||
Darkslateblue | Darkslategray | Darkturquoise | Darkviolet | ||||
Deeppink | Deepskyblue | Dimgray | Dodgerblue | ||||
Firebrick | Floralwhite | Forestgreen | Fuschia | ||||
Gainsboro | Ghostwhite | Gold | Goldenrod | ||||
Gray | Greenyellow | Honeydew | Hotpink | ||||
Indianred | Indigo | Ivory | Khaki | ||||
Lavender | Lavenderblush | Lemonchiffon | Lightblue | ||||
Lightcoral | Lightcyan | Lightcoldenrodyellow | Lightgreen | ||||
Lightgray | Lightpink | Lightsalmon | Lightseagreen | ||||
Lightskyblue | Lightslategray | Lightsteelblue | Lightyellow | ||||
Lime | Limegreen | Linen | Magenta | ||||
Maroon | Mediumaquamarine | Mediumblue | Mediumorchid | ||||
Mediumpurple | Mediumseagreen | Mediumslateblue | Mediumspringgreen | ||||
Mediumturquoise | Mediumvioletred | Midnightblue | Mintcream | ||||
Mistyrose | Navajowhite | Navy | Oldlace | ||||
Olive | Olivedrab | Orangered | Orchid | ||||
Palegoldenrod | Palegreen | Paleturquoise | Palevioletred | ||||
Papayawhip | Peachpuff | Peru | Pink | ||||
Plum | Powderblue | Rosybrown | Royalblue | ||||
Saddlebrown | Seagreen | Seashell | Sienna | ||||
Silver | Skyblue | Slateblue | Slategray | ||||
Snow | Springgreen | Steelblue | Tan | ||||
Teal | Thistle | Tomato | Turquoise | ||||
Violet | Wheat | Whitesmoke | Yellowgreen |
Using a safe color picker
Unfortunately on different platforms, with different system settings, correct color reproduction is a problem. The thing is that the browser always tries to adjust the color palette of the document to system settings and monitor capabilities by self-mixing and color substitution. As a result, sometimes the user does not see exactly what the webmaster wanted to show him. A way out of this situation was found in the use of a palette, each color of which is guaranteed to be rendered equally by all browsers on different platforms. This is the so-called guaranteed palette, also called safe palette. This palette includes colors, the color components of which take the following values: 00 ,33 ,66 ,99 , CC,FF, in all possible 216 their combinations.
view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code | view | the code |
Ffffff | CCCCCC | 999999 | 666666 | 333333 | 000000 | ||||||
CCCC66 | CCCC33 | 999966 | 999933 | 999900 | 666600 | ||||||
CCFF66 | CCFF00 | CCFF33 | CCCC99 | 666633 | 333300 | ||||||
99FF00 | 99FF33 | 99CC66 | 99CC00 | 99CC33 | 669900 | ||||||
CCFF99 | 99FF99 | 66CC00 | 66CC33 | 669933 | 336600 | ||||||
66FF00 | 66FF33 | 33FF00 | 33CC00 | 339900 | 009900 | ||||||
33FF33 | 00FF33 | 00FF00 | 00CC00 | 33CC33 | 00CC33 | ||||||
CCFFCC | 99CC99 | 66CC66 | 669966 | 336633 | 003300 | ||||||
99FF99 | 66FF66 | 33FF66 | 00FF66 | 339933 | 006600 | ||||||
66FF99 | 33FF99 | 00FF99 | 33CC66 | 00CC66 | 009933 | ||||||
66CC99 | 33CC99 | 00CC99 | 339966 | 009966 | 006633 | ||||||
99FFCC | 66FFCC | 33FFCC | 00FFCC | 33CCCC | 009999 | ||||||
CCFFFF | 99FFFF | 66FFFF | 33FFFF | 00FFFF | 00CCCC | ||||||
99CCCC | 66CCCC | 339999 | 669999 | 006666 | 336666 | ||||||
66CCFF | 33CCFF | 00CCFF | 3399CC | 0099CC | 003333 | ||||||
99CCFF | 3399FF | 0099FF | 6699CC | 336699 | 006699 | ||||||
0066FF | 3366CC | 0066CC | 0033FF | 003399 | 003366 | ||||||
6699FF | 3366FF | 0000FF | 0000CC | 0033CC | 000033 | ||||||
3333FF | 3300FF | 3300CC | 3333CC | 000099 | 000066 | ||||||
9999CC | 6666FF | 6666CC | 666699 | 333399 | 333366 | ||||||
CCCCFF | 9999FF | 6666FF | 6600FF | 330099 | 330066 | ||||||
9966CC | 9966FF | 6600CC | 6633CC | 663399 | 330033 | ||||||
CC99FF | CC66FF | 9933FF | 9900FF | 660099 | 663366 | ||||||
CC66FF | CC33FF | CC00FF | 9900CC | 996699 | 660066 | ||||||
CC99CC | CC66CC | CC33CC | CC00CC | 990099 | 993399 | ||||||
FFCCFF | FF99FF | FF66FF | FF33FF | FF00FF | CC3399 | ||||||
FF66CC | FF00CC | FF33CC | CC6699 | CC0099 | 990066 | ||||||
FF99CC | FF3399 | FF0099 | CC0066 | 993366 | 660033 | ||||||
FF6699 | FF3399 | FF0066 | CC3366 | 996666 | 663333 | ||||||
CC9999 | CC6666 | CC3333 | CC0000 | 990033 | 330000 | ||||||
FFCCCC | FF9999 | FF6666 | FF3333 | FF0000 | CC0033 | ||||||
FF6633 | CC3300 | FF3300 | FF0000 | CC0000 | 990000 | ||||||
FFCC99 | FFCC66 | FF6600 | CC6633 | 993300 | 660000 | ||||||
FF9900 | FF9933 | CC9966 | CC6600 | 996633 | 663300 | ||||||
FFCC66 | FFCC00 | FFCC33 | CC9900 | CC9933 | 996600 | ||||||
FFFFCC | FFFF99 | FFFF66 | FFFF33 | FFFF00 | CCCC00 |
Color in CSS language can be set different ways:
- by name,
- by hexadecimal value,
- in RGB and RGBA formats,
- in HSL and HSLA formats.
Color assignment by name
Browsers support specifying some colors for elements by name. In this table, some keywords (English color names) used to set color properties, RGB code, hexadecimal code (HEX) and HSL code.
Name | Colour | RGB | HEX | Hsl | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
white | rgb (255, 255, 255) | #ffffff or #fff | hsl (0, 0%, 100%) | White | |
silver | rgb (192, 192, 192) | # c0c0c0 | hsl (0, 0%, 75%) | Gray | |
gray | rgb (128, 128, 128) | #808080 | hsl (0, 0%, 50%) | Dark grey | |
black | rgb (0, 0, 0) | # 000000 or # 000 | hsl (0, 0%, 0%) | The black | |
maroon | rgb (128, 0, 0) | #800000 | hsl (0, 100%, 25%) | Dark red | |
red | rgb (255, 0, 0) | # ff0000 or # f00 | hsl (0, 100%, 50%) | Red | |
orange | rgb (255, 165, 0) | # ffa500 | hsl (38.8, 100%, 50%) | Orange | |
yellow | rgb (255, 255, 0) | # ffff00 or # ff0 | hsl (60, 100%, 50%) | Yellow | |
olive | rgb (128, 128, 0) | #808000 | hsl (60, 100%, 25%) | Olive | |
lime | rgb (0, 255, 0) | # 00ff00 or # 0f0 | hsl (120, 100%, 50%) | Light green | |
green | rgb (0, 128, 0) | #008000 | hsl (120, 100%, 25%) | Green | |
aqua | rgb (0, 255, 255) | # 00ffff or # 0ff | hsl (180, 100%, 50%) | Blue | |
blue | rgb (0, 0, 255) | # 0000ff or # 00f | hsl (240, 100%, 50%) | Blue | |
navy | rgb (0,0,128) | #000080 | hsl (240, 100%, 25%) | Navy blue | |
teal | rgb (0, 128, 128) | #008080 | hsl (180, 100%, 25%) | Blue green | |
fuchsia | rgb (255, 0, 255) | # ff00ff or # f0f | hsl (300, 100%, 50%) | Pink | |
purple | rgb (128, 0, 128) | #800080 | hsl (300, 100%, 25%) | Violet |
This is a sample of the use of color names, the color naming is taken from the extended table.
This is how this code works:
Setting color using RGB
RGB is an additive color model. On english language addition - addition. RGB is an abbreviation of English words: Red, Green, Blue - red, green, blue). From this it is clear that in the RGB model, colors are synthesized by adding three colors (red, green, blue) in different amounts.
By mixing red, green and blue, you can get several million shades. All possible combinations are stored in the memory of computers.
Get to the point.
To set properties in this format, use the rgb (r, g, b) notation, where r, g, b are three channels for each color (red, green, blue). Values \u200b\u200bfor each channel range from 0 to 255.
Sample code.
To make everything clear, I will give an example code:
This is how this example should work:
![](https://i0.wp.com/komotoz.ru/uroki/css/images/edinicy_izmereniya_v_css_1.jpg)
Explanations for example.
At the beginning of the page we create a class div.rgb, it is needed so that the blocks created by the tag
Next, in the code, set background color block
Try to edit this example and specify your values, for example rgb (100, 100, 100).
Color setting with RGBA
In CSS3 appeared new instrument to work with color - rGBA format... It can be called an evolution of the RGB model, but with the addition of one new channel - A or alpha channel. This channel sets the transparency of the color. Its values \u200b\u200bare set in the range from 0 to 1. A value equal to 0 corresponds to full transparency, 1 - to full opacity (the color will be the same as it is specified in first three RGB channels), and intermediate values \u200b\u200blike 0.4 or 0.6 - translucency to varying degrees.
Sample code.
This is how it works:
This code in its own way visual presentation is similar to the following, which uses the RGB model to set the color value:
Here's the result:
An alpha channel value equal to zero makes any color invisible - absolutely transparent, a value equal to one translates the color in the RGB code without changes. The rgba (255,0,0,1.0) property shows rgb (255, 0, 0) red.
By hexadecimal value (HEX code)
In everyday life, we use the decimal system of counting. Its origins are very simple - we have ten fingers on our hands, and it used to be convenient to count on fingers in life. If there are ten digits in the decimal system: from 0 to 9, and the number 10 is already the next digit, then in the hexadecimal system there are 16 digits, and the next digit will be the number 16.
To indicate color codes as hexadecimal digits, the usual decimal digits from 0 to 9 are used and to denote digits from 10 to 15, letters from A to F that is (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F). For clarity, let's summarize this in a table:
To write hexadecimal numbers greater than F (15 in the decimal system), as in the decimal system, they also use the union of two digits, but already hexadecimal, which is obvious. So, to write decimal number 255 in hexadecimal notation, FF is used.
The hexadecimal system is more understandable for the computer, it processes the values \u200b\u200bspecified by the hexadecimal value faster.
To specify the color in hexadecimal system, precede the numeric value with a "#" sign, example: # FFC0CB. The # FFC0CB value itself consists of three hexadecimal digits FF, C0 and CB. The meaning of this notation is the same as setting the RGB color (rgb (r, g, b)) - each hexadecimal digit in the HEX code indicates the color saturation in its RGB channel.
This code will display the following items:
And here is a picture with the result from the section "Color setting with RGB" on this page above.
![](https://i0.wp.com/komotoz.ru/uroki/css/images/edinicy_izmereniya_v_css_1.jpg)
We see that the colors are identical.
An abbreviated notation of the color HEX code is allowed: a 6-digit number can be written as a 3-digit number. This is only valid if two digits in the color value of one channel are repeated.
That is, the following abbreviation is acceptable:
For example, the color # ff22aa can be written like this - # f2a, or the color # 44aa22 can be specified as # 4a2.
Setting color using HSL
CSS3 introduces a new format for specifying colors.
The HSL format is an abbreviation for the English words Hue, Saturate, and Lightness.
Hue in HSL is a color value on a special color wheel (Figure 2) and it is specified in degrees. In analogy with the RGB model, 0 ° corresponds to red, 120 ° corresponds to green, and 240 ° corresponds to blue.
The hue value ranges from 0 to 359.
![](https://i0.wp.com/komotoz.ru/uroki/css/images/hsl-colors.png)
The second value is saturation (Saturate) is set in percentage. At 100% saturation, the color is maximum "juicy", as the saturation indicator moves to 0%, the color becomes more and more dull and rolls into gray.
The third value, Lightness, is also set as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the brighter the color will be. Extremes of 0% and 100% will mean black (no light) and white (blown out) colors, respectively, no matter which color from the color wheel was selected in the first channel. The optimal color brightness value can be considered equal to 50%.
Color setting with HSLA
HSLA is related to HSL, just like RGB to RGBA. In the HSLA format, as in RGBA, an alpha channel is added that is responsible for color transparency.
HSL color is easier to read. We can say that it is intuitive. For example, the hsl code (120,60%, 50%) can represent the final color if there is an HSL color wheel picture in memory. This cannot be said about RGB and HEX formats, the color code specified in these formats becomes understandable only after it is visualized on the monitor.
New formats in CSS3 (HSL, HSLA and RGBA) work in browsers starting from versions: IE 9.0, Opera 10.0 Firefox 3.0. How do I make the styles work on older browsers?
Somebloсk (background-color: rgb (255,50,50); background-color: rgba (255,50,50,0.85))
When using this code in older browsers, the background color for the .somebloсk class, although it will not use the alpha channel, will be displayed in RGB format.