Black in rgb. Color in styles can be set in different ways: by hexadecimal value, by name, in RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA format

CSS color codes are used to specify a color. Typically, color codes or color values \u200b\u200bare used to set a color for either the foreground of an element (for example, text color, link color) or for the background of an element (background color, block color). They can also be used to change the color of a button, border, marker, hover, and other decorative effects.

You can set your own color values \u200b\u200bin various formats. The following table lists all possible formats:

The listed formats are described in more detail below.

CSS colors - hex codes

Hexadecimal color code is a six-digit color representation. The first two digits (RR) are the red value, the next two are the green value (GG) and the last two are the blue value (BB).

CSS colors - short hex codes

Short hex color code is the shorter form of six-digit notation. In this format, each digit is repeated to produce the equivalent six-digit color value. For example: # 0F0 becomes # 00FF00.

The hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphic softwaresuch as Adobe Photoshop, Core Draw, etc.

Each hexadecimal color code in CSS will be preceded by a hash sign "#". The following are examples of using hexadecimal notation.

CSS colors - RGB values

RGB value is a color code that is set using the rgb () property. This property takes three values, one each for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer, from 0 to 255, or a percentage.

Note: not all browsers support the rgb () color property, so it's not recommended to use it.

Below is an example showing multiple colors using RGB values.

Color Code Generator

You can create millions of color codes using our service.

Safe browser colors

Below is a table of 216 colors that are the safest and most computer independent. These CSS colors range from 000000 to FFFFFF hexadecimal. They are safe to use because they ensure that all computers display color correctly when working with a 256 color palette.

Vlad Merzhevich

In HTML, a color is specified in one of two ways: using a hexadecimal code and by the name of some colors. A method based on hexadecimal system calculus as the most versatile.

Hexadecimal colors

Hexadecimal numbers are used to specify colors in HTML. The hexadecimal system, in contrast to the decimal system, is based, as its name suggests, on the number 16. The numbers will be as follows: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Numbers from 10 to 15 are replaced by Latin letters. Table 6.1 shows the correspondence between decimal and hexadecimal numbers.

Numbers greater than 15 in the hexadecimal system are formed by combining two numbers into one (Table 6.2). For example, 255 decimal is FF hexadecimal.

To avoid confusion in the definition of the number system, the hash character # is placed in front of the hexadecimal number, for example # aa69cc. In this case, the register does not matter, so it is permissible to write # F0F0F0 or # f0f0f0.

A typical color used in HTML looks like this.

Here, the background color of the web page is set to # FA8E47. The hash # in front of a number means it is hexadecimal. The first two digits (FA) define the red component of the color, the third through fourth digits (8E) are green, and the last two digits (47) are blue. The result is this color.

Each of the three colors - red, green, and blue - can take values \u200b\u200bfrom 00 to FF, resulting in 256 shades. Thus, the total number of colors can be 256x256x256 \u003d 16.777.216 combinations. The color model based on red, green and blue components is called RGB (red, green, blue; red, green, blue). This model is additive (from add - to add), in which the addition of all three components forms white.

To make it easier to navigate in hexadecimal colors, consider some rules.

• If the values \u200b\u200bof the color components are the same (for example: # D6D6D6), then you get a gray tint. The larger the number, the lighter the color, the values \u200b\u200bvary from # 000000 (black) to #FFFFFF (white).
• A bright red color is formed if the red component is made maximum (FF), and the rest of the components are zeroed. The color # FF0000 is the reddest possible red tint. The same is the case with green (# 00FF00) and blue (# 0000FF).
• Yellow (# FFFF00) is obtained by mixing red with green. This is clearly visible on the color wheel (Fig. 6.1), where the primary colors (red, green, blue) and complementary or complementary colors are presented. These include yellow, cyan, and purple (also called magenta). In general, any color can be obtained by mixing the nearby colors. So, cyan (# 00FFFF) is obtained by combining blue and green.

Figure: 6.1. Color circle

Hexadecimal colors do not need to be chosen empirically. For this purpose, graphics editorable to work with different color models, for example, Adobe Photoshop. In fig. 6.2 shows a window for choosing a color in this program, the resulting hexadecimal value of the current color is outlined with a line. You can copy and paste it into your code.

Figure: 6.2. Window for choosing a color in photoshop

Web colors

If you set the color quality of the monitor to 8 bit (256 colors), then the same color can be displayed in different browsers in my own way. This is due to the way graphics are displayed, where the browser is working with its own palette and cannot show a color that it does not have in the palette. In this case, the color is replaced by a combination of pixels of other, close to it, colors that imitate the specified one. To keep the color unchanged in different browsers, a palette of so-called web colors was introduced. Web colors are those colors, for each component of which - red, green and blue - one of six values \u200b\u200bis set - 0 (00), 51 (33), 102 (66), 153 (99), 204 (CC), 255 (FF). The hexadecimal value of this component is indicated in brackets. The total number of colors from all possible combinations gives 6x6x6 - 216 colors. An example of a web color is # 33FF66.

The main feature of web color is that it appears the same across all browsers. At the moment, the relevance of web colors is very small due to the increase in the quality of monitors and the expansion of their capabilities.

Colors by name

In order not to memorize a set of numbers, you can use the names of commonly used colors instead. Table 6.3 lists the names of popular color names.

It doesn't matter in which way you specify the color - by its name or using hexadecimal numbers. These methods are equal in their action. Example 6.1 shows how to set the background and text color of a web page.

Example 6.1. Background and text color

Sample text

IN this example the background color is set using the bgcolor attribute of the tag , and the text color through the text attribute. For a change, the text attribute is set to a hexadecimal number, and bgcolor is set to the teal reserved keyword.

Look closely at the drawing. The background of the drop-down window is made semi-transparent. This is a fairly common design trick. Let's think about how this can be implemented.

A task

Make a cross-browser semi-transparent color.

Decision

The first thought in this situation is to use a png24-picture for the background with the already set translucency. But this picture is completely redundant. You can perfectly do without it (and therefore without an unnecessary request to the server). Let's try to find the optimal solution.

The second thought is to use. But in this case it is not very convenient. After all, then not only the background will become translucent, but also the inscriptions. Yes, actually, the whole window at once.

Of course, you can try adding an additional container and applying opacity only to it, but this HTML element will be for decoration only and will obviously be superfluous. Can you do without it?

Sure you may! If using RGBA.

RGBA color description format

CSS3 allows you to specify color using RGB and RGBA functions. In this case, we must indicate the fraction of each color component, for which one byte is allocated (from 0 to 255, suddenly, who does not know).

The syntax for this case is very simple:

Background: rgb (0, 255, 0); / * pure green * /

For RGBA, a fourth parameter is added - alpha transparency (from 0 to 1).

Background: rgba (255, 0, 0, 0.5); / * pure red with 50% transparency * /

Here it is, the solution to our problem. It is enough to set the background color using rgba and everything will look like we need. No unnecessary pictures and elements!

Where can I get these numbers?

You can look at the color components using the eyedropper tool in Photoshop

About cross-browser compatibility

Since the RGB function is much older than RGBA and has been present since the days of the CSS2 standard, you can use the following duplicate construction to hedge against the most ancient browsers:

SomeBlock (background: rgb (255, 0, 0); background: rgba (255, 0, 0, 0.5);)

With this approach, the great-grandfathers of modern browsers will not have translucency, but the color itself will remain correct.

We'll have to take care of IE separately. Donkeys do not understand RGBA up to version 8 inclusive.

As always: the land to the peasants, the factories to the workers, and the donkeys to the crutch! As .

Of course, in combat conditions, we put this rule into a separate CSS, which we connect.

SomeBlock (background: transparent; filter: progid: DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient (startColorstr \u003d # 80ff0000, endColorstr \u003d # 80ff0000); zoom: 1;)

The trick is to specify the start and end colors the same (ff0000 - red) and take advantage of the fact that for the gradient in this filter you can set the alpha channel (in the example, value 80).

For reference: the filter uses a hexadecimal system and the FF code corresponds to a completely opaque color (in decimal it is 255). Accordingly, hexadecimal 80 is decimal 128, i.e. 50% transparency.

Checked in:

• IE 6-9
• Firefox 3+
• Opera 10+
• Safari 4
• Chrome

Color in CSS language can be set different ways:

• by name,
• by hexadecimal value,
• in RGB and RGBA formats,
• in HSL and HSLA formats.

Color assignment by name

Browsers support specifying some colors for elements by name. In this table, some keywords (English color names) used to set color properties, RGB code, hexadecimal code (HEX) and HSL code.

This is a sample of the use of color names, the color naming is taken from the extended table.

This is how this code works:

Setting color using RGB

RGB - additive color model... On english language addition - addition. RGB is an abbreviation of English words: Red, Green, Blue - red, green, blue). From this it is clear that in the RGB model, colors are synthesized by adding three colors (red, green, blue) in different amounts.

By mixing red, green and blue, you can get several million shades. All possible combinations are stored in the memory of computers.

Get to the point.

To set properties in this format, use the rgb (r, g, b) notation, where r, g, b are three channels for each color (red, green, blue). Values \u200b\u200bfor each channel range from 0 to 255.

Sample code.

To make everything clear, I will give an example code:

This is how this example should work:

Explanations for example.

At the beginning of the page we create a class div.rgb, it is needed for the blocks created by the tag

displayed in the desired size: 240px by 40px. The line-height property (line height) is set to 40px, that is, equal to the block height, this will allow the text to be displayed in the block

in the center of the vertical. horizontally center the text using the rule ( text-align: center;).

Next, in the code, set the background color of the block

using the style attribute using the background property, and assigning the values \u200b\u200bto rgb (255, 0, 0), rgb (0, 255, 0), and rgb (0, 0, 255). That is, we one by one make one channel as saturated as possible, and the other channels are not used for synthesis, since their value is equal to zero.

Try to edit this example and specify your values, for example rgb (100, 100, 100).

Color setting with RGBA

In CSS3 appeared new instrument for working with color - RGBA format. It can be called an evolution of the RGB model, but with the addition of one new channel - A or alpha channel. This channel sets the transparency of the color. Its values \u200b\u200bare set in the range from 0 to 1. A value equal to 0 corresponds to full transparency, 1 - to full opacity (the color will be the same as specified in first three RGB channels), and intermediate values, like 0.4 or 0.6 - translucency to varying degrees.

Sample code.

This is how it works:

This code in its own way visual presentation is similar to the following, which uses the RGB model to set the color value:

Here's the result:

An alpha channel value equal to zero makes any color invisible - absolutely transparent, a value equal to one translates the color in the RGB code without changes. The rgba (255,0,0,1.0) property shows rgb (255, 0, 0) red.

By hexadecimal value (HEX code)

In everyday life, we use the decimal system of counting. Its origins are very simple - we have ten fingers on our hands, and it used to be convenient to count on fingers in life. If in the decimal system there are ten digits: from 0 to 9, and the number 10 is already the next digit, then in the hexadecimal system there are 16 digits, and the next digit will be the number 16.

To indicate color codes as hexadecimal digits, the usual decimal digits from 0 to 9 are used and to indicate the digits from 10 to 15, letters from A to F that is (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F). For clarity, let's summarize this in a table:

To write hexadecimal numbers greater than F (15 in the decimal system), as in the decimal system, they also use the union of two digits, but already hexadecimal, which is obvious. So, to write decimal number 255 in hexadecimal notation, FF is used.

The hexadecimal system is more understandable for the computer, it processes the values \u200b\u200bspecified by the hexadecimal value faster.

To specify the color in hexadecimal system, precede the numeric value with a "#" sign, example: # FFC0CB. The # FFC0CB value itself consists of three hexadecimal digits FF, C0 and CB. The meaning of this notation is the same as setting the color in RGB format (rgb (r, g, b)) - each hexadecimal digit in the HEX code indicates the color saturation in its RGB channel.

# FF0000

# 00FF00

# 0000FF

This code will display the following items:

And here is a picture with the result from the section "Color setting with RGB" on this page above.

Fig. 1. Colors in RGB.

We see that the colors are identical.

An abbreviated notation of the color HEX code is allowed: a 6-digit number can be written as a 3-digit number. This is only valid if two digits in the color value of one channel are repeated.

That is, the following abbreviation is acceptable:

For example, the color # ff22aa can be written as # f2a, or the color # 44aa22 can be specified as # 4a2.

Setting color using HSL

CSS3 introduces a new format for specifying colors.

The HSL format is an abbreviation for the English words Hue, Saturate, and Lightness.

Hue in HSL is a color value on a special color wheel (Figure 2) and it is specified in degrees. In analogy with the RGB model, 0 ° corresponds to red, 120 ° corresponds to green, and 240 ° corresponds to blue.

The hue value ranges from 0 to 359.

Figure 2. HSL color wheel.

The second value is saturation (Saturate) is set in percentage. At 100% saturation, the color is maximum "juicy", as the saturation indicator moves to 0%, the color becomes more dull and rolls into gray.

The third value, Lightness, is also set as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the brighter the color will be. Extremes of 0% and 100% will mean black (no light) and white (blown out) colors, respectively, no matter which color from the color wheel was selected in the first channel. The optimal color brightness value can be considered equal to 50%.

Color setting with HSLA

HSLA is related to HSL, just like RGB to RGBA. IN hSL formatA, as in RGBA, an alpha channel is added that is responsible for the transparency of the color.

HSL color is easier to read. We can say that it is intuitive. For example, the hsl (120.60%, 50%) code can represent the final color if there is an HSL color wheel picture in memory. This cannot be said about RGB and HEX formats, the color code specified in these formats becomes understandable only after it is visualized on the monitor.

New formats in CSS3 (HSL, HSLA and RGBA) work in browsers starting from versions: IE 9.0, Opera 10.0 Firefox 3.0. How do I make the styles work on older browsers?

Somebloсk (background-color: rgb (255,50,50); background-color: rgba (255,50,50,0.85))

When using this code in older browsers, the background color for the .somebloсk class, although it will not use the alpha channel, will be displayed in RGB format.

\u003e\u003e Color management

Hexadecimal RGB color values

The methods of describing and processing color differ from each other in what final presentation they are intended for. Let us compare, for example, the representations of colors for printing and for computer monitors. In the first case, the basis is taken white the color of the paper on which the three primary colors are subsequently applied: blue, purple and yellow... Mixing with each other and with the white color of the paper in different proportions, these three primary colors give different color shades, except for pure black, or, in the complete absence of colors, give the white color of the paper. If we also add black to them, we get CMYK- a method of color rendering, when the required color is obtained by subtracting the missing colors from white.

In the second case, the basis is taken the black the color of the monitor screen, each cell of which glows in one of three colors: red-red, green-green and blue-blue. Then, in the complete absence of any glow, we get a pure black screen color, and any of the required colors is set by the ratio of each of the three colors. In this case, we get RGB-the way of color transfer. Primary colors can range from 0 before 255 , or from 0% before 100% , or can be represented as a hexadecimal value. In the picture below, you can see the results of mixing the primary colors.

The hexadecimal number system, in contrast to the decimal number in its row of digits, has not ten digits, but sixteen - hence the name. Accordingly, non-repeating variants of combinations of two digits can only be - 256 , to continue a series of digits after 9 letters from A before Fhence the series will look like this -

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

To convert numbers from one number system to another and vice versa, use the calculator below. Maximum value there might be FF - 255 .

In this case, the color is specified by three hexadecimal numbers, each of which consists of two digits. The first number determines the intensity red colors, average green, last thing- blue colors. All numbers can take values \u200b\u200bin the range from 00 before FF (from 0 to 255). For example: green is given as # 00FF00, red - like # FF0000, blue - like # 0000FF, white - like #FFFFFF, complete absence of color or black is given as #000000 .

In the form below you can set any hexadecimal values \u200b\u200bof each of the three colors and see the result of their mixing by clicking in the output field.

RED		GREEN		BLUE
	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
... click here

Examples of some of the hexadecimal RGB color values \u200b\u200bare gradations of red, blue, and green.

view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code
	#010000		#800000		#000100		#008000		#000001		#000080
	#100000		#900000		#001000		#009000		#000010		#000090
	#200000		# A00000		#002000		# 00A000		#000020		# 0000A0
	#300000		# B00000		#003000		# 00B000		#000030		# 0000B0
	#400000		# C00000		#004000		# 00C000		#000040		# 0000C0
	#500000		# D00000		#005000		# 00D000		#000050		# 0000D0
	#600000		# E00000		#006000		# 00E000		#000060		# 0000E0
	#700000		# FF0000		#007000		# 00FF00		#000070		# 0000FF

Specifying a color using string literals

For ease of use, some colors and their combinations have been assigned names that are recognized by all browsers, and it became possible to set many of them by name. The table below shows some of the color names:

view	name	view	name	view	name	view	name
	White		Red		Orange		Yellow
	Green		Blue		Purple		Black
	Aliceblue		Antiquewhite		Aqua		Aquamarine
	Azure		Beige		Bisque		Blanchedalmond
	Blueviolet		Brown		Burlywood		Cadetblue
	Chartreuse		Chocolate		Coral		Cornflowerblue
	Cornsilk		Crimson		Cyan		Darkblue
	Darkcyan		Darkgoldenrod		Darkgray		Darkgreen
	Darkkhaki		Darkmagenta		Darkolivegreen		Darkorange
	Darkorchid		Darkred		Darksalmon		Darkseagreen
	Darkslateblue		Darkslategray		Darkturquoise		Darkviolet
	Deeppink		Deepskyblue		Dimgray		Dodgerblue
	Firebrick		Floralwhite		Forestgreen		Fuschia
	Gainsboro		Ghostwhite		Gold		Goldenrod
	Gray		Greenyellow		Honeydew		Hotpink
	Indianred		Indigo		Ivory		Khaki
	Lavender		Lavenderblush		Lemonchiffon		Lightblue
	Lightcoral		Lightcyan		Lightcoldenrodyellow		Lightgreen
	Lightgray		Lightpink		Lightsalmon		Lightseagreen
	Lightskyblue		Lightslategray		Lightsteelblue		Lightyellow
	Lime		Limegreen		Linen		Magenta
	Maroon		Mediumaquamarine		Mediumblue		Mediumorchid
	Mediumpurple		Mediumseagreen		Mediumslateblue		Mediumspringgreen
	Mediumturquoise		Mediumvioletred		Midnightblue		Mintcream
	Mistyrose		Navajowhite		Navy		Oldlace
	Olive		Olivedrab		Orangered		Orchid
	Palegoldenrod		Palegreen		Paleturquoise		Palevioletred
	Papayawhip		Peachpuff		Peru		Pink
	Plum		Powderblue		Rosybrown		Royalblue
	Saddlebrown		Seagreen		Seashell		Sienna
	Silver		Skyblue		Slateblue		Slategray
	Snow		Springgreen		Steelblue		Tan
	Teal		Thistle		Tomato		Turquoise
	Violet		Wheat		Whitesmoke		Yellowgreen

The list of lowercase color literals is quite extensive and more than sufficient. If you need to set as background color so unusual that it doesn't even have a name, you can use the hexadecimal value.

Using a safe color picker

Unfortunately on different platforms, with different system settings, correct color reproduction is a problem. The thing is that the browser always tries to adjust the color palette of the document to system settings and monitor capabilities by self-mixing and color substitution. As a result, sometimes the user does not see exactly what the webmaster wanted to show him. A way out of this situation was found in the use of a palette, each color of which is guaranteed to be transmitted the same by all browsers on different platforms. This is the so-called guaranteed palette, also called safe palette. This palette includes colors, the color components of which take the following values: 00 ,33 ,66 ,99 , CC,FF, in all possible 216 their combinations.

Ffffff CCCCCC 999999 666666 333333 000000 CCCC66 CCCC33 999966 999933 999900 666600 CCFF66 CCFF00 CCFF33 CCCC99 666633 333300 99FF00 99FF33 99CC66 99CC00 99CC33 669900 CCFF99 99FF99 66CC00 66CC33 669933 336600 66FF00 66FF33 33FF00 33CC00 339900 009900 33FF33 00FF33 00FF00 00CC00 33CC33 00CC33CCFFCC 99CC99 66CC66 669966 336633 003300 99FF99 66FF66 33FF66 00FF66 339933 006600 66FF99 33FF99 00FF99 33CC66 00CC66 009933 66CC99 33CC99 00CC99 339966 009966 006633 99FFCC 66FFCC 33FFCC 00FFCC 33CCCC 009999 CCFFFF 99FFFF 66FFFF 33FFFF 00FFFF 00CCCC99CCCC 66CCCC 339999 669999 006666 336666 66CCFF 33CCFF 00CCFF 3399CC 0099CC 003333 99CCFF 3399FF 0099FF 6699CC 336699 006699 0066FF 3366CC 0066CC 0033FF 003399 003366 6699FF 3366FF 0000FF 0000CC 0033CC 000033 3333FF 3300FF 3300CC 3333CC 000099 000066 9999CC 6666FF 6666CC 666699 333399 333366 CCCCFF 9999FF 6666FF 6600FF 330099 330066 9966CC 9966FF 6600CC 6633CC 663399 330033 CC99FF CC66FF 9933FF 9900FF 660099 663366 CC66FF CC33FF CC00FF 9900CC 996699 660066 CC99CC CC66CC CC33CC CC00CC 990099 993399 FFCCFF FF99FF FF66FF FF33FF FF00FF CC3399FF66CC FF00CC FF33CC CC6699 CC0099 990066 FF99CC FF3399 FF0099 CC0066 993366 660033 FF6699 FF3399 FF0066 CC3366 996666 663333 CC9999 CC6666 CC3333 CC0000 990033 330000 FFCCCC FF9999 FF6666 FF3333 FF0000 CC0033FF6633 CC3300 FF3300 FF0000 CC0000 990000 FFCC99 FFCC66 FF6600 CC6633 993300 660000 FF9900 FF9933 CC9966 CC6600 996633 663300 FFCC66 FFCC00 FFCC33 CC9900 CC9933 996600 FFFFCC FFFF99 FFFF66 FFFF33 FFFF00 CCCC00

view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code	view	the code