Ways to organize a search for materials on the portal. Information Search Stages

"And today about the first stage - Search and collection of information.

If there is a task / problem / goal, but there is no solution to it, then inevitably the stage of searching for this solution begins.

And the more correctly the problem is formulated, the easier it is to find a solution.

If the problem is trivial, then just one step in finding information is enough - open internet search engine , make a request - and we have several sources of information.

The main skill required in these cases is correctly compose a request. But this, too, needs to be done competently and this must also be learned.

I think that 90% of people are limited to this level of work with information. There was a problem - I went into the search engine - got an answer.

If the tasks do not go beyond this framework, namely - to find the answer to a household question or to be in the know about news events - then it’s probably not worth the bother to build a personal system of working with information.

For those who work with information is the need to collect and process large arrays, expressed in 1,000 units of files or books - the creation of a system of working with information will be simply necessary.

The need for an information management system

At any specialist high level There is its own library of knowledge.

Knowledge has no limits and requires constant improvement and updating.

The collection of information in this case is systematic. Those. information is entered into the knowledge base - constantly.

But the need for a system of working with information arises not only among professional specialists, it also arises at the household level, in the personal life of every person who seeks self-development, or at least to streamline his life.

Life can proceed as a continuous stream of continuous activity. In such a stream, it is difficult to isolate and structure the individual parts. Man lives and that’s all, that’s enough for him.

But our life can be diversified, structure our life goals, give meaning to the existence and our whole life.

You probably already know such a tool for analyzing the current state as "Wheel of life." It allows you to assess your current situation and determine in which areas development is needed.

There can be several such areas / directions (as a rule, no more than 10): “Health”, “Spiritual Development”, “Sports”, “Career”, “Family”, “Finance”, etc.
Improvement in any field requires knowledge. And this process begins with the collection of information, namely with the formation of a personal library on these topics.

So, the presence of a system of working with information is required both at work and in personal life. Between work and personal life, as you know, there must be a balance.

Why are we collecting information?

So that the collection of information does not turn into an end in itself, we decide - why are we collecting information.

«… we collect information not in order to accumulate knowledge, but in order to take the right actions ”- said the management guru Peter F. Drucker.

It is important to remember that the collection of information is not for the sake of collecting and not only for the accumulation of knowledge, but in the end - for making the right decisions and achieving our goals, independently at work or at home.

When, where and how to collect information?

We will answer these questions.

When?

If a specialist knowledge base is being formed, then the information is constantly updated. New information appeared, the headline caught attention - information immediately goes to this database.

You can create a folder "For consideration" and regularly process new information, deleting the unnecessary, and distributing the necessary according to the thematic directories of your system (we will discuss the systematization of information in the following articles).

If a specific problem is solved that requires a decision, then the collection of information can be situational in nature and be one-time. Those. collected - solved the problem - received a report - report on storage.

It's like managing a company: maybe regular management maybe situational . And one and the other, oddly enough, it works.

But manageability, transparency, the absence of fuss and stress, and ultimately the effectiveness of regular management are much higher.

Those. answering the question - when - it is possible according to the situation, but certainly better - regularly and using Technologies.

Where to collect information?

To do this, remember that there is information primary and secondary.

Secondary - this is information that is already available in some source, for example, in books, magazines, accounting data, in the statistics department, in reports, previous studies, etc.

Primary - this is information that is obtained directly for the purpose of solving this problem. These are various polls, interviews, observations.

Secondary information is collected, as a rule, in the process of desk research without involving others. A place: workplace, library.

If already conducted studies are acquired, then we make an appropriate request and payment.

I think this is understandable. Secondary - This is already available information on any medium.

They mainly work with this information, considering that the information exists only in this form.

But, you can get better information by interviewing an expert on this issue, or several experts to compare points of view.

Or conduct a customer survey to get information - what do they think about your company, product and service.
Or brainstorm among employees to get a non-trivial solution to a problem.

All this relates to the collection of primary information.

The head can make decisions - after hearing the opinion of one or two of his specialists. In this case, he is also engaged collection of primary information .

Observation for human behavior, for example on the trading floor, it is also the collection of primary information, on the basis of which decisions are made to display windows, for example.

so primary information - this is information that is not yet on any medium and we have to collect it by communicating with other people.

I think that this will be more or less clear in general terms.

How to collect information?

We answer this question, i.e. determine which information collection methods exists.

As I said in the article "" - it is important to know the stages and methods of work at each stage.

Now we are considering the first stage is the search and collection of information. And approached the methods of collecting information.

Information Search Methods:

1. Audit your knowledge base of information.

You already have an accumulated database in the form of: files, books, audio and video materials. The first thing you can do is search through the information you already have.

As a rule, if the information is properly systematized and codified, this is not difficult. Just ask Search by file name or in another way, in accordance with your encryption.

If the information is not systematized, then you can search - by keywords in the text of the document. These operations allow Microsoft Windows

Thus, indicating the necessary query criteria ( keywords ) You can easily find the appropriate folders and files inside your database.

The second step is to search your library for books and magazines in print.

An extension of the book list can be done as follows:

Start by making a list.

In my book "" I cited the main sources of information for compiling a list:

3. Search for literature lists in specialized forums.

4. Various subscriptions to specialized mailing lists.

5. Participation in various electronic communities dedicated to your subject.

6. Shopping, including search in online stores.

7. Appeals to specialists with a request to recommend the necessary literature.

These are the main sources for getting a list of important books on the topic.

2. Desk research.

Having received information from your existing knowledge base, you supplement it by:

Work with the library fund in central libraries, queries to statistical and archive services.

Work in search enginesoh.

Watching TV shows, video and audio materials.

At this stage, work with secondary information can be completed and, if necessary, proceed to the collection of primary information.

3. Communication with experts on a topic of interest.

Often experts give "clues" on which you can expand the scope of information search. Find out from an expert what sources of information are most important, which books to read in the first place, and so on.

Accessibility of experts is currently facilitating the Internet. Just dial on YouTube your question - and there will be a lot of video materials, lectures, seminars. It remains only to choose really decent experts.

But better to use live communicationthereby expanding your communications and improving communication skills.

4. Direct observation.

This is one of the methods of collecting primary information. For example, to take a social-dem portrait of visitors to a point of sale, just select one of the most saturated days with a stream and fill in the table - groups by age, gender and time. Highly helpful information for solutions.

5. Surveys, questionnaires, testing.

There can be many methods: these are focus groups, brainstorming sessions, the use of the Ishikawa model, etc.

At the stage of collecting information, it is better to create some redundancy, in order to then select the important and useful.

I will limit myself to this, I think that for the first time in the stage, the search for information is enough.

If you have questions, I will answer with pleasure. Please write in the comments.

Sincerely, Nikolay Medvedev.

LECTURE 6. FORMATION, MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF USER INFORMATION STREAMS IN THE VIRTUAL INTERNET MEDIA

Information retrieval methods.
Search for information in social networks.
Search for information using search engines.
Formation of user information flows using RSS technologies.
Formation of user information flows using mailing list services.

INFORMATION SEARCH METHODS

The problem of finding reliable information is one of the most relevant in modern society. The fact of storage in the virtual space of the Internet of a huge layer of human knowledge is not a guarantee of the effectiveness of information search and its reliability. Even if the required information is issued in a convenient form, but in the end it is up to the person to master it. And the effectiveness and quality of his work will depend on how much he knows the methods of searching for reliable information.

Information Search Stages

First stage is the wording and refinement of the information request. This stage traditionally plays a leading role. The subsequent selection of the results will depend on how correctly formulated the request is. information resources. At this stage, it is advisable to implement:

Formulation of a request in a natural language;

Determining the purpose of information retrieval;

Determination of the necessary search restrictions;

The final wording of the information request.

Determining the purpose of information retrieval, which allows you to identify the degree of required completeness of information, which also affects the choice of search engines. Opposing goals of information retrieval are traditionally:

Preliminary acquaintance with the problem;

A thorough study of the problem.

As a rule, the usual goal of finding information lies somewhere between these two extremes, that is, the user needs a certain amount of information, but he does not need the absolute completeness of the information.

Among the main restrictions traditionally include: restrictions on the types of publications, languages \u200b\u200bof publications, geographical and chronological search frameworks. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly clarify:

Information from which sources the user is interested in (articles, monographs, conference proceedings, etc.);

In what language;

What are the geographic scope of the search;

What is the chronological scope of the search.

For the final wording of the information request, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive lexical analysis of the information to be searched. The user needs to get from any source a detailed and competent description of the issue under study. Such a source can be either a highly specialized reference book or a general encyclopedia. Based on the material studied, it is necessary to formulate as much as possible a wide range of keywords in the form of separate terms, phrases, professional vocabulary and cliche, if necessary in several languages.

The main goal of the planning stage of the search procedure is to identify ways and means of rationally solving the search problem. It includes development general program search. At the same time, the selection and evaluation of the quality of search engines is carried out, the search for missing information is carried out.

The selection and assessment of the quality of search engines must be carried out in terms of their compliance with real information needs and the specifics of the request. Each user has specific requirements that affect the choice of search engine, its content and capabilities. When choosing a search engine, you need to pay attention to the following parameters: the volume of the search engine index, quality control of the information contained in it, the capabilities of query languages.

Tactics and search tools can vary significantly depending on not only from the topic, but also from other query parameters. It should be guided by a number of general guidelines.

So, for example, the nature of the search is entirely determined by the content of the search task posed by the user. And in this regard, it is important to distinguish that at first the search is somehow attached to the topic and to the goal of a detailed, comprehensive development of its plan, when a wide coverage of information sources is especially necessary.

Therefore, at first, a search for information resources (i.e., sets of documents) is carried out to a greater extent. And only then information search concretized, limited by the direct content of the search problem. At this stage, the search for the documents themselves predominates.

Of course, throughout the entire search process, various types and methods of search should be combined in two main directions: on the one hand, from general classification search systems to subject-oriented indexes of resources, then to specific documents and the facts contained in them; c the other - from unique words and phrases of the request to subject-oriented indexes of resources and / or to specific documents.

The ultimate solution to the search problem. It also includes creating the tools necessary to solve it.

At this stage, you must complete the following steps:

Selection of a set of information resources on the topic of search;

Conducting a search in information resources;

Assessment of the completeness of information;

Expanding the circle of information resources.

At the stage of selecting the totality of information resources on the topic of search, a search is performed in the set of search engines selected at the planning stage. Search can be carried out both from the particular to the general, and from the general to the particular. As a result, a list of information resources is formed, which may contain information on the issue. The list of information resources is planned in such a way that the resources, complementing each other, as much as possible cover the information on this topic in accordance with the predefined search restrictions. If their circle is too narrow, the search results may be unsatisfactory, and if it is too wide, the complexity of the search increases.

At this stage, it is necessary to clearly determine what is known about the information sought and what is unknown, but it is necessary to find out. For example, the name of the information center of interest may be known, but its URL is unknown. Thus, it is necessary to create a list of queries to search for the missing information. This list is formed on the basis of identified keywords and available information about resources.

The search for the missing links of the resource description (metadata) is recommended using search and meta search engines. However, if nothing is known about the required resources, it is advisable to refer to classification search engines or specialized dictionary search engines. If the user is not a specialist in this field, he should contact the classification search systems with scientific quality control (information gateways).

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