The transition from an industrial society to an information society. From industrial to information

Option No. 124402

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In the transition from industrial to information society

1) there is a replacement of manual labor by machine

2) the importance of science and education is increasing

3) the role of the agricultural and raw materials sector is increasing

4) a democratic state is being formed

Answer:

Relative truth is knowledge

1) unreliable

2) false, erroneous

3) reliable, but incomplete

4) shared by the majority

Answer:

Students study economic literature regarding the creation and use of the material resources of society. This is an example of activity

1) material and production

2) educational and cognitive

3) value-orientated

4) socially transformative

Answer:

Are the following judgments about personality formation correct?

A. Hereditary, innate, individual properties of a person do not affect the formation of his personality.

B. The formation of a person's personality is associated exclusively with social interactions.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are true

4) both judgments are wrong

Answer:

During the peak of business activity

1) cyclical unemployment is high

2) structural unemployment is high

3) inflation is high

4) inflation is low

Answer:

In the country of A. coal has ceased to be used in the energy sector. Most of the mines were closed, miners lost their jobs. What type of unemployment is observed in country A.?

1) cyclic

2) structural

3) frictional

4) seasonal

Answer:

The subject of taxation is

1) firm income

2) legal entity

3) enterprise property

4) hectare of land

Answer:

The figure shows changes in demand for passenger cars in the relevant market (the demand line D has moved to a new position Dl). (P - product price, Q - product quantity.)

This movement is associated primarily with

1) improving the technology of car production

2) reducing the costs of car manufacturers

3) an increase in the volume of public transport services

4) an increase in the income of the population

Answer:

Are the following judgments about inflation correct?

A. Raising wages cannot cause inflation to rise.

B. An increase in the supply of goods cannot cause an increase in inflation.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are true

4) both judgments are wrong.

Answer:

In country Z, peasants and the urban poor have limited access to quality education and health care. This fact reflects

1) social mobility

2) social inequality

3) social structure

4) social control

Answer:

In recent decades, the demographic situation in Z has been of great concern to the authorities. Statistical studies of various demographic aspects, including the age and sex composition of the working-age population, are regularly carried out. Data from one of the studies are presented in the diagram.

What conclusion can be drawn from the data in the diagram?

1) The number of men of working age in 2000 is higher than in 1990, 1993 and 1996.

2) The number of women of working age is decreasing from year to year.

3) The number of men of working age is growing faster than women.

4) The number of men of working age is growing more slowly than women.

Answer:

Are the following judgments about social inequality correct?

A. Social inequality arose with the transition of society to the industrial stage of development.

B. Social inequality is expressed in unequal access of social groups to scarce resources of society.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are true

4) both judgments are wrong

Answer:

The communicative component of the political system includes

1) political parties and movements

2) relations between civil institutions and government bodies

3) political ideas and doctrines

4) ways of political participation of citizens

Answer:

The main point of the campaign is to

1) provide support to candidates for elective office

2) to enable voters to get acquainted with the programs of applicants

3) intensify political life in the country

4) help parties gain experience in political struggle

Answer:

Parliamentary elections are held in country Z every 5 years. Seats in parliament are won by parties that receive more than 9% of the vote, and the winner is the party or bloc of parties that receive the majority of votes. Which of the following features is characteristic of this type of electoral system?

1) All officially registered political parties are represented in parliament.

2) The number of deputy mandates is determined by the percentage of votes gained by the party in the elections.

4) Single-mandate constituencies are created in the country for nominating candidates and holding elections.

Answer:

Are the following judgments about electoral systems correct?

A. Under the proportional system, only one candidate is elected from each constituency.

B. Under the majoritarian system, the absolute majority of votes is won by the candidate for whom at least 50% + 1 voter voted.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are true

4) both judgments are wrong

Answer:

Which of the offenses is administrative?

1) collecting signatures of voters in a prohibited place

2) theft of property belonging to the offender

3) falsification of the election campaign results

4) publication of an article discrediting the honor of a citizen

Answer:

War crimes and crimes against humanity in accordance with international law

1) have a limitation period of 5 years

2) have a limitation period of 10 years

3) have a limitation period of 20 years

4) have no statute of limitations

Answer:

Citizens of a foreign state performed construction work at the entrepreneur's dacha. The district inspector, having checked their documents, found that they did not have documents allowing them to stay on the territory of the Russian Federation. To what type of administrative responsibility will citizens of a foreign state be held?

2) confiscation of tools

3) expulsion from the Russian Federation

4) disqualifications

Answer:

Are the following judgments about international humanitarian law correct?

A. International humanitarian law prohibits the use of certain types of weapons, such as anti-personnel mines and shaped-charge projectiles.

B. International humanitarian law prohibits the use of physical torture and degrading measures against captured military personnel.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are true

4) both judgments are wrong

Answer:

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

SPHERES OF SOCIETY

Answer:

A number of characteristics are listed below. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of "state apparatus".

The system of bodies, powers of power, officials, representative democracy, competence, executive and administrative bodies, public order protection bodies.

Find and indicate a characteristic related to another concept.

Answer:

Establish correspondence between core functions and law enforcement authorities Russian Federationwho perform them.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	D	D

Answer:

Find social properties of a person in the given list. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) the ability for joint transformational activity

2) striving for self-realization

3) the ability to adapt to natural conditions

4) stable views of the world and their place in it

5) the need for water, food, rest

Answer:

Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.

(A) Elite or "high" art is in decline today. (B) The circulation of literary classics has fallen. (B) Contemporary composers rarely create opera works. (D) All this is reflected in the most destructive way in the aesthetic tastes and preferences of the public.

Determine which text positions are worn

1) factual nature

2) the nature of value judgments

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	D

Answer:

Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“A person lives in ________ (A), and his actions are conditioned by the formation, development in the human collective. You cannot live among people without entering into certain ________ (B) with others. In the conditions of modern Russia and the emerging new social relations, market ________ (B) and competitive struggle, the role of meaningful orientation of a person in the environment is significantly increasing. Without understanding what is happening around, it is impossible to correctly orientate in life, to establish normal relationships with other people and public ________ (D). And social psychology provides invaluable help in this. Social psychology studies ________ (D) psychological phenomena that arise during social interaction of people. The role of ________ (E), which social psychology has at its disposal, has now significantly increased. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1) knowledge	2) society	3) group
4) position	5) attitude	6) norm
7) regularity	8) behavior	9) economics

The following table lists letters for missing words. Write down the number of the word you have chosen in the table under each letter.

A	B	IN	D	D	E

Answer:

Choose from the proposed signs of the rule of law. Write down your answer in numbers without commas and spaces.

1) the presence of a system of taxes and fees

2) separation and independence of the branches of government

3) the system of checks and balances of the branches of government

4) the rule of law, its equal effect for all

5) an extensive system of law enforcement agencies

6) the ratio of the national currency to the currencies of other countries

Answer:

Choose a concept that is generalized to all other concepts in the series below. Write down this word (phrase).

Answer:

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

A person cannot exist in the world without learning to navigate in it. Orientation depends on people's ability to adequately comprehend the world, correlating knowledge about the world and knowledge about themselves. Therefore, the question of knowledge is one of the most philosophical.

Cognition in the first approximation can be defined as a set of processes that provide a person with the ability to receive, process and use information about the world and about himself.

Those phenomena or processes to which the cognitive activity of people is directed are usually called the object of cognition. Anyone who carries out cognitive activity acquires the status of a subject of cognition. The subject of cognition can be an individual, a group, society as a whole.

Thus, cognition is a specific form of interaction between the subject and the object of cognition, the ultimate goal of which is to obtain the truth that ensures the development of the object, taking into account the needs of the subject ...

Hence the need to investigate the mechanism of interrelation that arises between the subject receiving knowledge and the object as a source of knowledge, between the subject and knowledge, between knowledge and the object ...

When considering the problem of the relationship between the subject and knowledge, a complex of questions arises. In part, they arise in connection with the mastering by the subject of already accumulated knowledge (monographs, diagrams, formulas, tables, etc.). The assimilation of ready-made knowledge has its own specifics, and the latter sets its own "rules of the game" to the subject of cognition.

In addition, in the relationship between the subject and knowledge, the problem of assessing knowledge on the part of the subject arises, determining their adequacy, completeness, and sufficiency for solving a particular problem situation.

Finally, there are also problems with the relationship between knowledge and the object as the source of this knowledge. These are questions of the truth of knowledge, its criterion. Any knowledge is always knowledge about a specific object. In this regard, the question arises of the sufficiency of the grounds for the transition from "vague" perception of the object to rational conclusions about the object, the transition from subjective to objective.

(I, I, Kalkoy, Yu.A. Sandulov)

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What two aspects of the connection between the subject and knowledge do the authors highlight? Illustrate each one with an example.

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

Cognition in the first approximation can be defined as a set of processes that provide a person with the ability to receive, process and use information about the world and about himself.

(I, I, Kalkoy, Yu.A. Sandulov)

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The next page will ask you to test them yourself.

Choose one of the statements below and write a mini-essay based on it.

Indicate, at your discretion, one or several main ideas of the topic touched upon by the author and reveal it (them). When disclosing the main idea (s) indicated by you in your reasoning and conclusions, use social science knowledge (relevant concepts, theoretical positions), illustrating them with facts and examples from public life and personal social experience, examples from other educational items.

To illustrate the theoretical provisions, reasoning and conclusions formulated by you, give at least two facts / examples from various sources. Each cited fact / example should be formulated in detail and clearly associated with the illustrated position, reasoning, conclusion.

C9.1 Political Science: “The truth does not always belong to the majority. But it belongs to the minority even less often. " (S. Dovlatov)

C9.2 Political Science: "When individual people form a mass, the dignity of each of them individually perishes under the feet of the crowd." (V. Schwebel)

C9.3 Political Science:“Where great sages have power, the subjects do not notice their existence. Where little sages rule, the people become attached to them and praise them. Where even lesser sages rule, the people are afraid of them, and where there are even lesser sages, the people despise them. " (Lao Tzu)

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The next page will ask you to test them yourself.

Finish testing, check answers, see solutions.

REMEMBER! Life-threatening voltages are supplied to every workplace.

During work, you should be extremely careful.

In order to avoid accident, electric shock, equipment breakdown, it is recommended to follow these rules:
Enter the computer class calmly, without hurrying, without pushing, without touching furniture and equipment, and only with the permission of the teacher.
Do not turn computers on or off without your instructor's permission.
Do not touch the supply wires and connectors of the connecting cables.
Do not touch the screen or the back of the monitor.
Do not place foreign objects in the workplace.
Do not get up from your seats when visitors enter the office.
Do not try to troubleshoot the equipment yourself; in case of problems or malfunctions in the computer, stop working immediately and inform the teacher about it.
Operate the keyboard with clean, dry hands; Press the keys lightly, avoiding harsh impacts or holding the keys down.

REMEMBER! If you do not take precautions, working on your computer can be hazardous to your health.

In order not to harm your health, you must follow a number of simple recommendations:
Improper sitting at the computer can cause pain in the shoulders and lower back. Therefore, sit down freely, without tension, without stooping, without bending over or leaning against the back of the chair. Put your feet straight on the floor, one next to the other, but stretch them out and do not bend them.
If the chair is height adjustable, then it should be adjusted so that the angle between the shoulder and forearm is slightly more than straight. The body should be at a distance of 15-16 cm from the table. The line of sight should be directed to the center of the screen. If you have glasses for permanent wear, work with glasses.
When working, the shoulders should be relaxed, the elbows should slightly touch the body. The forearms should be at the same height as the keyboard.
With strenuous work for a long time, the eyes overwork, so every 5 minutes, take your eyes off the screen and look at something in the distance.

Correct fit

The most important thing

1. When working at a computer, it is necessary to remember: life-threatening voltage is supplied to each workplace. Therefore, during work, you must be extremely careful and comply with all safety requirements.

2. So that working at the computer does not turn out to be harmful to health, it is necessary to take precautions and monitor the correct organization of your workplace.

Safety poster

From industrial society to information society

After studying this topic, you will learn:

How information revolutions affect the development of civilization;
- what are the characteristic features of an industrial society;
- what is the information society;
- what is the essence of informatization of society.

On the role and significance of information revolutions

At the dawn of civilization, man had enough basic knowledge and primitive skills. With the development of society, participation in information processes required not only individual, but also collective knowledge and experience, contributing to the correct processing of information and making the necessary decisions. For this, a person needed various devices. The stages of the emergence of means and methods of information processing that have caused dramatic changes in society are defined as information revolutions. At the same time, society is moving to more high level development and acquires a new quality. Information revolutions determine turning points in world history, after which new stages of civilization development begin, fundamentally new technologies appear and develop.

The first information revolution is associated with the invention of writing, which led to a giant qualitative leap in the development of civilization. It became possible to accumulate knowledge in writing for transferring it to future generations. From the standpoint of informatics, this can be assessed as the emergence of a qualitatively new (in comparison with the oral form) means and methods of accumulating information.

The second information revolution (mid-16th century) began in the Renaissance and is associated with the invention of printing, which changed human society, culture and organization of activity in the most radical way. Typography is one of the first information technologies. Man not only received new means of accumulation, systematization and replication of information. The massive distribution of printed materials made cultural values \u200b\u200bgenerally available, opened up the possibility of independent and purposeful development of the individual. From the point of view of computer science, the significance of this revolution is that it brought forward a more perfect way of storing information.

The third information revolution (the end of the 19th century) is associated with the invention of electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone and radio appeared, allowing the prompt transmission of information in any volume. It became possible to provide a more efficient exchange of information between people. This stage is important for informatics primarily because it marked the emergence of information communication tools.

The fourth information revolution (70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the emergence of personal computers. This stimulated the transition from mechanical and electrical means of converting information to electronic, which led to the miniaturization of units, devices, devices, machines and the emergence of program-controlled devices and processes. Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information and communication systems), etc., began to be created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. Thanks to this revolution, for the first time in its history, mankind received a means to strengthen its own intellectual activity. This tool is the computer.

The impetus for the fourth information revolution was the invention of electronic computers in the mid 40s of the XX century. Further work to improve the principles of their operation and the element base, that is, the constituent parts, led to the emergence of microprocessor technology, and then personal computers. For a clearer idea of \u200b\u200bthe relationship between these processes, let us consider and compare the achievements in the field of computer technology, as a result of which there was a change in generations of computers (Table 1.1).

As can be seen from the table, the emergence of a new type of computer was determined by the invention of a new element base. From the standpoint of informatics, the fourth information revolution can be associated with the emergence of the fourth generation computer - a personal computer that allows solving the problem of storing and transmitting information at a qualitatively new level.

The information revolution that took place in the 70s led to the fact that by the beginning of the 21st century human civilization was in a state of transition from the industrial phase of its development to the informational one.

Let's consider what are the main features of these periods and how the transition from one phase to another was carried out.

Table 1.1. Generations of computers

Characteristics of an industrial society

Industrial society is focused primarily on the development of industry, improving the means of production, strengthening the system of accumulation and control of capital. It replaced the agrarian society, where relations in agriculture related to the system of land use and land tenure were decisive.

The transition to an industrial society took place quite intensively, almost simultaneously in many countries of the world, and was associated with the second industrial revolution, the results of which were especially pronounced in the middle of the 20th century. The most important role in the preparation of this revolution was played by the successes of natural science in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. As a rule, its beginning is associated with the discovery of the electron, radium, the transformation of chemical elements, the creation of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The invention of electricity and radio had a huge practical impact on the development of industry. The second industrial revolution, often called scientific and technological, marked a complete restructuring of the technical base and production technology. Soon, this process spread to other areas: agriculture, transport, communications, medicine, education, and everyday life.

To get an exhaustive picture of an industrial society, it is necessary to answer the question of what industry is, what it gives to humanity, what it consumes.

As a rule, the industry is subdivided into two sectors - extractive and processing, whose task is to provide mankind with the necessary raw materials, means of production and consumer goods. In an industrial society, the process of innovations in production plays an important role, that is, the introduction into production of the latest achievements of scientific and technical thought: inventions, ideas, proposals. This process is called innovative.

An industrial society is a society determined by the level of development of industry and its technical base.

The criterion for assessing the level of development of an industrial society is not only the level of development of industrial production. The volume of manufactured goods for mass and durable consumption should also be taken into account: cars, refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, etc.

Characteristics of the information society

Until recently, no one imagined that very soon mankind would be on the threshold of a new era in the development of civilization - information.

In the information society, the activities of both individuals and groups will increasingly depend on their awareness and the ability to effectively use the information available. It is known that before taking any action, it is necessary to carry out great job on the collection and processing of information, its comprehension and analysis and, finally, to find the most rational solution. This requires the processing of large amounts of information, which may be beyond the power of a person without the involvement of special technical means.

The use of computers in all spheres of human activity will provide access to reliable sources of information, relieve people of routine work, accelerate the adoption of optimal decisions, and automate information processing in industrial and social spheres. As a result, the driving force behind the development of society should be the production of not material, but information product. As for the material product, it will become more "information-intensive" and its cost will largely depend on the volume of innovations allowed in its structure, on the design solution, and on the quality of marketing.

In an information society, not only production will change, but the whole way of life, the system of values, the importance of cultural leisure in relation to material values \u200b\u200bwill increase. Compared to an industrial society, where everything is aimed at the production and consumption of goods, in an information society, intelligence and knowledge will become the means and product of production, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in the share of mental labor. A person will be required to be creative, and the demand for knowledge will increase.

The material and technical basis of the information society will be various kinds of systems based on computer technology and computer networks, information technology, telecommunication systems.

The information society is a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing, sale and exchange of information.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the picture of the information society created by theorists is gradually acquiring visible outlines. It is predicted that the entire world space will turn into a single computerized and informational community of people living in houses equipped with all kinds of electronic devices and "smart" devices. Human activities will focus primarily on information processing, while the production of energy and material products will be assigned to machines.

Informatization as a process of transformation of an industrial society into an information society

Today, the world has accumulated a huge information potential, which people cannot fully use due to their limited capabilities. This situation, called the information crisis, has put society in front of the need to find ways out of this situation. The introduction of modern means of processing and transmitting information in various fields of activity served as the beginning of the evolutionary process of transition from an industrial to an information society. This process is called informatization. In order to understand the role of this process in history, one can draw an analogy with the concept of "industrialization", which meant the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial one.

Let's give a more complete definition of informatization, based on the wording used in the law of the Russian Federation "On information, informatization and protection of information", adopted by the State Duma on January 25, 1995.

Informatization is a process by which conditions are created to satisfy the needs of any person in obtaining the necessary information.

Now in any country in one way or another, the process of informatization is taking place. Some countries are already on the brink of an information society, while others still have a long way to go. It depends on many objective factors, which include economic and political stability, the level of development of the country's industry, the presence of a state transition program and many other factors.

Informatization of society is one of the laws of modern social progress. The term "informatization" is decisively replacing the term "computerization" which was widely used until recently. Despite the external similarity, these concepts have a significant difference.

In the computerization of society, the main attention is paid to the development and implementation of the technical base - computers, which ensure the accumulation of information and the prompt receipt of the results of its processing.

In informatization of society, the main attention is paid to a set of measures aimed at ensuring the full use of reliable, comprehensive and operational knowledge in all types of human activity.

Thus, the informatization of society is a broader concept than computerization. It focuses not so much on technical meanshow much on the essence and goals of socio-technical progress in general. Computers are only a basic technical component of the process of informatization of society.

Informatization is not a tribute to fashion, but a natural process of the development of society at a new stage, where information and knowledge are the basis of all processes. The informatization of society has a revolutionary impact on all spheres of human society, changes the living conditions and culture of people. For each country, its movement from the industrial stage of development to the informational stage is determined by the degree of informatization of society.

The process of informatization of society is a basic component of the fifth information revolution. The result of the informatization process is the creation of an information society in which intelligence and knowledge play the main role.

Control questions and tasks

Tasks

1. Highlight the main characteristics of each information revolution.

2. Using information from the Internet or from reference books, select several indicators that best characterize the level of development of an industrial society.

3. Using information from the Internet or from reference books, select several indicators that best characterize the level of development of the information society.

4. Compare the levels of development of several countries and draw a conclusion regarding their belonging to the phases of development of human society.

5. Give examples that reflect the informatization process.

Control questions

1. How do you understand the information revolution? Are they inevitable?

2. What caused the information revolutions? Tell us about each of them.

3. Give a brief description of the generations of computers and connect them with the information revolution.

4. What defines an industrial society?

5. Is there a link between industrial and information revolutions?

6. How do you represent the information society?

7. Is our society informational? Justify your answer.

8. What is the essence of the informatization process?

9. What is the difference between the processes of computerization and informatization?

10. What defines the fifth information revolution?

From industrial society to information society 04.12.2015

After studying this topic, you will learn: What are the characteristics of an industrial society; What is the information society; What is the essence of informatization of society

Industrial society Industrial society is focused primarily on the development of industry, improving the means of production, strengthening the system of accumulation and control of capital. It replaced the agrarian one, where relations in agriculture associated with the system of land tenure and land use were decisive.

To get an exhaustive picture of an industrial society, it is necessary to answer the question of what industry is, what it gives to humanity, what it consumes.

In an industrial society, the process of innovations in production plays an important role, i.e. introduction of the latest achievements of scientific and technical thought: inventions, ideas, proposals. Recently, this process has been called innovative. Industrial society - a society determined by the level of development of industry, its technical base

Information Society In an information society, intelligence and knowledge is a means and product of production, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in the share of mental labor. The material and technical basis of the information society will be various kinds of systems based on computer technology and computer networks, information technology, telecommunications

In an information society, the driving force of development should be the production of an information product, not a material product.Information society is a society in which the majority of labor resources are engaged in the production, storage, processing, sale and exchange of information

Informatization of society

The introduction of modern means of processing and transmitting information in various fields of activity was the beginning of the evolutionary transition from an industrial society to an informational one. This process is called informatization.

Informatization is a process by which conditions are created that satisfy the needs of any person in obtaining the necessary information. The RF Law "On Information, Informatization and Information Protection", adopted by the State Duma on January 25, 1995

Today the term "informatization" is decisively replacing the term "computerization" which was widely used until recently. Despite the external similarity of these concepts, they have a significant difference.

With the computerization of society, special attention is paid to the introduction and development of a technical base - computers, which ensure the prompt receipt of the results of information processing and its accumulation. In informatization of society, the main attention is paid to a set of measures aimed at ensuring the full use of reliable, comprehensive and operational knowledge in all types of human activity.

The result of the informatization process is the creation of an information society in which intelligence and knowledge play the main role. For each country, its movement from the industrial stage of development to the informational stage is determined by the degree of informatization of society.

In a traditional society, the transfer of cultural heritage took place naturally; with the complication of social and sociocultural dynamics, the paternal functions of the community and the family were transformed. Education as a “school of life” has become a social apparatus that implements paternal functions. According to P. Bourdieu, agents of social relations were relegated to the role of performers. As a result, the traditional education system became a hardware system. The paternal administration, which the state took upon itself, began to deal only with the training of cadres from children and youth. The content of educational processes in the educational system of an industrial society was reduced to memorizing and reproducing educational material; the motivation for learning was competition among students based on a system of examinations and punishments. The gap between the existing education system and new living conditions at the end of the XX century. caused a crisis in the system and demanded its reorganization. The factors that caused the need for such changes and explained the main paradigms of adult education that soon developed were highlighted.

More than half of the annual growth of the gross national product is now determined by investments in the "human factor" and, first of all, in education. It is no coincidence that the church has always referred to its postulates, according to which there are three positions in upbringing: teacher (enlightenment), family (fatherhood), mentoring (spiritual leadership). Three aspects of upbringing correspond to them: school, family, spiritual. It should not be forgotten that - along with the church - there was a family state ideological apparatus, which played an incomparably more important role in traditional society than that which it plays in capitalist society.

Haraway D.J. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. L. 1991. P. 173.

Fomicheva O.Yu. Women's life strategies: the fate of Cinderella // Fate: Interpretation of cultural codes / Ed. V. Mikhailin. Saratov, 2004.S. 64.

G.I. Kabakova Anthropology of the female body in the Slavic tradition. M., 2001.S. 285; Prokopyeva N. Old woman // Men and women. Male and female in Russian traditional culture. Illustr. encyclopedia. M., 2005.S. 638.

See: Razumova I.A. Hidden knowledge of the modern Russian family. Life, Folklore. History. M., 2001.

Parpulova-Gribble L. The mysterious power of an evil old woman - theme and variations in Russian folklore and literature of the nineteenth century // Kunstkamera: Ethnographic notebooks. Issue 8-9. SPb., 1995. P. 265–274.

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The work was carried out with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, project 11–31–00307a2.

MEE AGAO (Materials of the Ethnographic Expedition of the Altai State Academy of Education), 1999–2000, 2002, Krasnogorsk, Soloneshensky, Altai, Tselinny regions; PMA (Field materials of the author), 2001-2006, Kytmanovskiy, Biyskiy, Charyshskiy, Soltonskiy, Shelabolikhinskiy, Togulskiy districts, East Kazakhstan region (East Kazakhstan region).

MEE AGAO, 1999–2000, 2002, Krasnogorskiy, Petropavlovskiy, Soloneshenskiy, Altayskiy, Tselinny regions; ALIK AGPA (Archive of the Laboratory of Historical Local Lore of the Altai State Pedagogical Academy). F. 1. Op. 1. D. 1. Mamontovsky district, 2000, p. Mamontovo, T.V. Volchkova Born in 1927; PMA, 2001-2005, Kytmanovskiy, Biyskiy, Charyshskiy, Soltonskiy districts.

Kursakova A.V. Customs and rituals associated with the birth of children in a peasant family // Soloneshensky region: essays on history and culture. Barnaul, 2004.S. 281.

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PMA, 2003, 2005–2006, Biyskiy, Soltonskiy, Togulskiy regions.

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From industrial society to information society

informational society informatization

1. howdifferconcepts"information"and"data"?

Data is the results of observations of objects and phenomena that are not used, but only stored.

Information is information about the surrounding world that increases the level of human awareness. Information is the data used.

2. whatsuchinformationalprocess?Examples.

"Information process" is a process as a result of which the reception, transmission (exchange), transformation and use of information is carried out.

They take place in human society, flora and fauna.

3. INwhatareasactivitieshumanprevailinformationprocesses?

With the help of their senses, people perceive information, comprehend it and, based on their experience, available knowledge, intuition, make decisions that are embodied in real actions that transform the world around them.

In the field of production, in the field of obtaining information.

4. INthanessenceinformationrevolutions?Neededwhetherthey?

The information revolution is the stages in the emergence of new means and methods of information processing that have caused dramatic changes in society.

They are necessary in connection with the development of society.

5. Thanweredue toinformationrevolution?

1st - the invention of writing, as the emergence of means and methods for storing information.

2nd - mid-16th century, invention of printing. Mass distribution of printed materials made cultural values \u200b\u200baccessible, opened up the possibility of independent and purposeful development of the personality. it new way storage of information.

3rd - the end of the 19th century, associated with the invention of electricity, the appearance of the telegraph, telephone, radio. This made it possible to transfer and accumulate information in any volume. Means of new communications are being developed.

4th - 70g. 20th century, associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the emergence of PCs, computer networks, data transmission systems.

6. Givebriefcharacterizationgenerationscomputerandbindthisfrominformationrevolution

The invention in the mid 40s of the XX century of an electronic computer (ECM) served as the impetus for the 4th information revolution.

The improvement of computer parts (i.e., element base) contributed to the change of computer generations.

1st generation-the middle of the 40s of the XX century. Element base - electronic tubes. Computers have large dimensions, power-consuming, low speed of action, low reliability, programming is carried out in codes.

2nd generation-since the late 50s of the XX century. Element base - semiconductor elements. Improved all specifications (dimensions, power consumption, speed, reliability). Algorithmic languages \u200b\u200bare used for programming.

3rd generation-since the mid 60s. Element base - integrated circuits, multilayer printed wiring. A sharp decrease in the size of computers, an increase in their reliability and productivity. Access from remote terminals.

4th generation-from the late 70s to the present. Element base - microprocessors, large integrated circuits. Technical characteristics have been significantly improved. Mass production of personal computers (PCs)

7. What determines the development of an industrial society?

An industrial society is oriented towards the development of industry and the improvement of the means of production. The process of innovations (innovations) in production plays an important role here: inventions, ideas, proposals.

This society is determined by the level of development of industry, its technical base.

8. There iswhetherconnectionbetweenindustrialrevolutionsandinformational?

The transition to an industrial society is associated with the second industrial revolution in the middle of the 20th century. What contributed to the 3rd and 4th information revolutions.

The second industrial revolution, or scientific and technical, marked a complete restructuring of the technical base and technology in connection with the discovery of the electron, radium, with the invention of electricity.

9. howyouimagineinformationalsociety?

The information society is a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing, sale and exchange of information.

And the production of energy and material products will be entrusted to machines.

10. Is anwhetheris oursocietyinformational?Justifyanswer

Unfortunately, our society is not yet informational, because Information systems are far from being used in all spheres of human activity, providing access to reliable sources of information. Many people are still doing routine work. The share of mental labor is still insignificant. The ability to be creative and knowledgeable is not always in demand.

11. whatsuchinformatizationsociety?

The introduction of modern means of processing and transmitting information in various fields of activity was the beginning of the transition from an industrial society to an informational one. This process is called informatization.

Informatizationis a process by which conditions are created that satisfy the needs of any person in obtaining the necessary information.

12. INthandifferenceprocessescomputerizationandinformatization?

When computerization society the main attention is paid to the implementation and development of the technical base - PCs, which ensure the prompt receipt of the results of information processing and its accumulation.

When informatization society - the focus is on a set of measures aimed at ensuring the full use of reliable, comprehensive and operational knowledge in all types of human activity.

Informatization is a broader concept than computerization. The result of the informatization process is the creation of an information society in which intelligence and knowledge play the main role.

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