A bad sector on the hard drive is a tiny cluster of disk space, a bad sector of the hard drive that does not respond to attempts to read or write.
For example, if you take a regular Dvd disc in your hand, it can have scratches, or cracks - which can not be repaired, or a drop of dirt - which can be carefully removed and returned to work. So with a hard drive, regardless of whether a magnetic or solid state drive, there are two types of bad sectors - one as a result of physical damage that can not be repaired, and others due to program errors that can be fixed.
The format of the hard disk regularly improves overall performance
This is a typical error when using hard drives. Formatting a disk is not a way to improve the overall performance of the hard drive. If you notice some deterioration in the performance of the hard disk after using it after a few months, this is due to the fact that some fragments were created on the hard disk. This requires us to perform the defragmentation task.
Such utilities for repairing disks are often misunderstood. The mechanics of the operation of this software and what it should do, as a rule, causes confusion. Even if this is true, the proof is in the results and in what happens "under the hood," and not just how fast the process goes before he claims that it is "completed."
Types of bad sectors
There are two types of bad sectors - physical and logical, or otherwise they can be called "hard" and "soft".
Physical (hard) - a bad sector is a storage cluster on the hard drive that is physically damaged. Maybe your computer (laptop) was falling, or because of voltage spikes, it was turned off incorrectly, or maybe the disk is already worn out, there are various physical damages that can not be corrected unfortunately ...
Fast formatting only means restoring the file table. True formatting is the process of magnetizing all clusters in order to substantially "erase" the disk. This is another case where "faster" does not match "better". This is what the application really does.
There is no need to wait for bad sectors and disk failures. This can save a lot of time and aggravation in the long term. Other disk recovery utilities do the following. As you can see, they do not really "fix" anything. It strengthens the magnetic surface of the drive by repeatedly reading and writing. True, if it is impossible to write at all in a given magnetic field, the sector can not be restored.
Logical (soft) - a bad sector is a storage cluster on the hard disk that does not work properly. Perhaps the operating system while reading from the hard drive, for some reason was denied (failed) and marked this cluster as a bad sector. You can fix such bad sectors by overwriting the disk with zeros, or by performing low-level formatting.
If it does not work due to bad sectors, it means that the hard disk is faulty. Drives often have defects in their magnetic coating, caused by something as simple as a microscopic speck of dust. In fact, there is no purpose to take any action if the disk has one bad sector of billions. Modern hard drives are designed with a lot of spare sectors, and they are smart enough to take action, even if we do not know. Hard drives will know about the whereabouts of the bad sector, and they will be reassigned.
The causes of bad sectors in the hard drive
Unfortunately, among the new devices, there is a lot of factory rejection and very often the hard drive already comes with bad sectors ... And as it was written earlier, the cause of bad sectors can be falls, and maybe the dust got. Yes, because of a small speck of dust, you may start to gradually destroy your hard drive. The reasons are huge and in fact the knowledge that your hard drive is poured due to dust - does not solve the problem in any way and will not add to you a good mood.
The drives will never touch the same sector, as shaking it can worsen the situation. Many discs also have a diagnostic tool for their own discs, which can update the magnetic surface. However, keep in mind that these companies are in the disk space, and not in the software field.
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Since that day, the capacity of hard disks has increased 100 times, and the performance - by tens of thousands. Today, without computers, there is no computer. Internal or external media. Let's see how the hard drive developed over time. It was used for sequential data processing in real time. He had a vacuum tube system and a lot of mechanics.
Again, as it was written above - the sector can be marked as failing, but it is not. Previously, such a virus did, but besides them there could be some kind of system failure, at the moment of recording, there could be a loss of electricity and the system will mark the sector as bad, and there can be many reasons, but some of them are fixable!
Further development until the end of the seventies
Each disk had 000 sectors with 100 characters. Data was not stored in sequence, but somewhere on the hard drive. The hard drive weighed a ton. The rental price was $ 000. The hard drive had a head that was only 0, 43 μm from the surface and had a smaller size and lighter weight compared to previous models.
Development of the hard drive to this day
All other companies have adopted this technology as a new standard. The following year, a hybrid hard drive came out, consisting of a magnetic-mechanical part and flash memory. The flash memory buffered the data. First, the data is stored in flash memory. It's full. they come to the hard drive. He has a vertical recording technique.
Loss of data and hard drive failure
If you think that the problem with broken sectors and the loss of hard drive performance is a rarity, then you are very much mistaken! No one is insured against this, it is recommended that you make copies of important information, for example, in cloud storage, where your data is more protected from loss.
Hard drives allowed to develop quickly in the field of hardware and software, so they moved the computer and made it a device that can be found in every home. Regardless of whether you are using a magnetic disk or solid state drive, these ten tips allow you to monitor your drives, prolong life and interfere with your data before your data becomes in danger.
On the hard drives in the computer store are stored your digital treasures: photos, documents, music, video. Add to this the programs and the ideally located operating system. You do not want to see this data at all. To do this, you must provide proper disk maintenance, since you can know the state of the disk before you can do it. These ten tips give you the right methods and tools that will help you. Preliminary sentence: if you suspect that something is wrong with your data carrier, first create a backup copy.
Even if the hard disk with the help of special programs can be reset to zero - this will not save the information that was on it.
Always back up important information to another medium or to the cloud, and if you see a scan for errors every time you turn on the computer, or if the hard drive makes any sounds - immediately make a copy of the data, and start diagnosing the hard drive, to look into what the problem is. After all, he may soon say goodbye to you ...
Subsequently, you can completely go on to investigate the causes. It can be from the hard disk manufacturer or from a third party - for example, or. The programs not only display the health state of the storage medium, but also report if the parameters change in a direction that may threaten the disk. In doing so, they trigger alarms so early that you can intervene before you can save your data. Not all operating parameters that go to the hard disk can correctly reproduce the tools, since disk manufacturers do not document all values, which means that the database does not match.
How to check and repair bad sectors
One of the most popular programs for testing the hard drive Victoria, it's free, there are a lot of free and paid, among which we will consider the hdd regenerator.
In each operating system, there is a built-in type of hard disk check. You can see it if your computer has been turned off in the wrong way, or if your hard drive is already off, then every time you turn on it will be scanned. You can start the scans by clicking on any disk with the right mouse button =\u003e go to Properties =\u003e Tools =\u003e in the "Scan Disk" field, click "Run Scan".
Then you will find information such as "Unknown attribute" or "Unknown characteristic" in the list. If the value is "100", there is no reason for excitement. However, the tools that determine the most important parameters for a state of health are usually correct. These include, for example, reassigned sectors: this value indicates available spare sectors. If the number decreases, the probability of failure increases. Reason: in this case, the storage areas on the data disk have already been defective and have been replaced by reserves.
For each type of hard drive, the manufacturer provides a temperature spectrum that makes it easy to operate the drive. With ferromagnetic tablets for desktop computers, it is from 5 to 55 degrees Celsius. Thus, its temperature range also increases from 0 to 70 degrees. However, they also create a very hot environment.
Using the standard program, you can find out the status of your hard drive, and during the scan, minor problems will be fixed.
Checking with Victoria
This program is free and in its downloading there are no problems, so if you are someone to try to vparit it for money - you can safely close the site. It can be scanned in both the Windows shell and Dos (with Live Cd). My recommendations to scan from the boot disk, in such cases, checking and repairing the disk will be more effective!
Thus, you can immediately see how the temperature of the plate is set. If you always want to monitor your hard drive, you have a monitoring tool that constantly checks the status of the drive. The program warns you before a disk failure due to a hardware defect that allows you to create important data in a timely fashion. However, the service is provided free of charge only during the first 30 days, after which no less than 7, 50 euros per year is required. This article is now devoted to these memory dinosaurs.
A narrow 20-pin for the data line, which is controlled individually from the controller to the hard drive. The signals from and to the heads of the hard disk are transmitted similarly on this data line. The wide 34-pin connector is designed for the control cable. In the case of a system with multiple hard disks, this is usually used as a "daisy", as in the case of a floppy disk, the hard disks are connected one after another to separate control cable connectors.
Also: do not forget that during the correction or rewriting of bad sectors - all information from the hard disk can disappear! Therefore, if you decide to try to repair your hard drive - make a backup of your data. During normal diagnostics, the data will not disappear anywhere. 🙂
As I already said, it's better to scan a hard disk from the LiveCD, it can be downloaded on any torrent tracker and it will have all the necessary programs for working with the hard disk.
How does he manage the controller, when individual hard drives speak, when they still hang on one control cable? Perhaps the existing second hard drive is recoded as drive 1 and connected to its data cable to the controller connection for the second hard drive. One thing, however, we forgot to note: the control cable is a bus. For high-speed tires. And, as we know from such buses, they should be completed correctly.
Therefore, we again look at the plate and check the correct position of the terminators: the plate that hangs in the middle between the controller and the other plate does not receive the plate at the end, it gets it. The standard defines only the electrical interface. They determine the recording method by which data is prohibited on rotating aluminum disks.
1.Download resuscitator: download is not necessarily on the resource tfile, you can download it on others. But if you download from tfile, then click not on the big blue "Download torrent" button, as additional extra software will be installed, and under the button "download torrent" as in the picture
Also used on most floppy systems. Packages on the same track are 50% larger than the data. The data cable now transfers the digital data to the controller. A small but subtle difference is that the coating of the plate surface is optimized for a higher data density. Regardless of whether the whole is stabilized, especially noticeable for a long time, is on another sheet. In fact, it looks like a 3½ disc.
And exactly there the dog is buried in a saucepan. The actual hard disk controller is located on the drive electronics. And it is these early hard disks that can be viewed as follows, like their ancestors. Very rudimentary representatives of this type support either one type of platform, or must be configured with jumpers on the specifications of the connected board. Disadvantage: he has less data on the cylinder.
2. We write the downloaded image to a disk or a USB flash drive: I recommend doing this with the Rufus application.
Download Rufus =\u003e run this utility =\u003e we connect the flash drive (you can write the disk in the same way or go to the sd card) =\u003e in the "device" field we select the flash drive =\u003e on the opposite "Create bootable disk" we select =\u003e we find the image file of the downloaded above rescuer with the extension iso) =\u003e select it, click "OK" and in the main window select "Start" =\u003e wait for the end of the process.
There you must specify the parameters of the disk, and in the normal case automatically goes to low-level formatting. Today's hard drives are already divided into separate logical blocks. Since the full measuring electronics is on the controller board, this would be impossible. When using low-level formatting, one hard-coded drive with all its manufacturing tolerances to the electronics of the controller board with all production tolerances. To make this wedding of mechanics and logic, you need a low-level formatter.
3. When you turn on the computer from the BIOS or Boot menu, and;
4. When your computer is booted from the resuscitator - choose the right program for working with the hard disk. In this example, Victoria.
5. In the list of detected drives, select the one you want to scan, and go to the Test tab
Now the hard drive should fail and not rush. Interleaving is a method in which sectors are deliberately omitted. The background is that the data can not be processed by the computer as quickly as they can be delivered from the disk. They actually work with interleaving 1: low-level utilities, such as the disk manager, can find the optimal striping before formatting also by trial and error. Partitioning The hard drive is now married, but still completely empty. To install the operating system, a small space must be created on the disk.
In the Test tab, we define the actions during the scan:
Ignore -skip the broken sector;
Remap -reassigns the broken sectors;
Erase - zeroes out the broken sectors, overwrites many times until this sector is replaced from the backup zone.
For normal viewing of the hard disk state, to see if there are any broken sectors-put a tick in Ignore and start scanning. If you want to restore bad sectors - put on Erase and press Start (in this method, data loss from the hard disk is possible!). You can try using Remap to reassign the broken sectors.
This procedure can take from several hours to several days!
In this regenerator assembly there are a lot of programs for working with the hard disk, for example hdd regenerator.Using the program hdd regenerator, you can do the same actions as in Victoria, that is, fix the bad sector. During the start of the program you will be asked to choose the type of scan:
1. Scan and restore the drive;
2. Scan without restoration;
3. Overwrite bad sectors before winning 🙂
At the end of the scan, you will see statistics, and perhaps you will get some more life time for your hard drive.
If Victoria and hdd regenerator did not help you - in the same assembly you can use the program for low-level formatting HD Low Level Format Tool. The program will format your hard drive, clear the partition table, MBR and each byte of data, and erase the path to the broken sectors, which probably will give you even more time to live on your hard disk.
These methods should be enough for you to understand if you have broken sectors, and also using these methods you will restore the hard drive, or you will understand that it's time to buy a new one. If there are additions and other ways - write comments! Good luck to you 🙂
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Today we will discuss the broken sectors on the hard drive. Why they appear and how to deal with it.
So, hard drive, broken sector and problems on our head. Go!
Prologue
As you know, the hard drive consists of miniature partitions - clusters. Each of these sections is a logical repository of information, in which information is constantly recorded. It is the combination of all clusters that ensures the correct operation of the entire computer.
Most often, broken sectors appear because of their "old age", i.e. if the hard drive is already a long time ago, then simply from the amount of overwriting on this or that sector, the hard disk starts slowly, but surely refuse.
Yes, it's the entire hard drive. If one sector has refused, then others will start to refuse soon, which means that it is worth thinking about buying a new hard disk, or at least copying the information you need.
Queen Victoria
Why there are broken sectors - we figured out, now we will discuss how to identify them.
Perhaps you already heard about the program Victoria. If not, then in short is a program that was invented and developed specifically for in-depth analysis of the hard disk. Victoria is in 2 versions - with a graphic shell and without it, personally I prefer the second one.
It looks like this:
This is already a scanned hard drive, and here is the response time for the query to each sector. The time is specified from 5 milliseconds to 1.5 seconds and higher, the smaller - the better, the faster our hard drive reacts. As we can see, there is a lot of yellow color here, which means that sectors of the hard disk that respond to the request, in time ~ 500ms
a bit too much, and this is not good, and noticeably reduces the speed of data transfer / storage.
And so Victoria looks with a graphic shell. And in this situation, we see an excellent, responsive hard drive; The main reaction time of the sectors is approximately 5 milliseconds.
Also, Victoria is able to perform many other operations with the hard drive, even until the sectors are closed.
Oh yes! Damaged sectors can be closed, but this will only delay the inevitable.
Download the program Victoria, you can on its official website, it is free and does not require installation on a computer (portable). If, for some reason, Victoria did not like you, then there is always an alternative, and many more, such as: Active boot disk, HDD Regenerator, R-Studio, etc.
I forgot to clarify that the broken sectors "are not treated but closed", they can be closed, and their place on the disk will be assigned to the workers.
