In this article, I will try to talk aboutprojector technologiesin three steps. From my point of view, it is easier to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each technology if you divide for yourself from the very beginning three components, three points that make up the "projector technology":
1. Imaging technology- How does the light of a projector lamp turn into a color picture?
1.1.
Does the projector use one or three sensors?
1.2. Technology matrices(DLP, LCD, LCoS)
2. Technology light source- the light source must be bright, durable, emit a suitable spectrum, easy to replace, what else? So choose - l amps? Light emitting diodes (LED)? Laser? Each option has its pros and cons and is good for certain tasks.
Single Matrix and Three Matrix Projectors
There are two main approaches to building a projector: three-matrix And one-matrix:
But first, let's clarify what the meaning of the matrix is. Sob Essentially, the function of the matrix is that each of its dots either transmits or blocks light, so the matrix is able to form only a single-color image, for example, black and white or black and green, if you shine a green flashlight on it.
This is a slight difference between the matrices of projectors and the matrices of TVs and monitors, which have one matrix gives a color image. Look at the pictures and ask yourself what would look better on the big screen?
On a big screen, the image on the right would look very…doubtful. This is one of the reasons why color matrices are not used in serious projectors.
Zooming in on the photo on the right, we see that each dot consists of three luminous stripes, red, blue and green. From a distance, these stripes merge with each other, forming one or another color according to the principle of RGB mixing:
But for aesthetic reasons, tri-color matrices are not applicable in projectors, since we need a picture, as in the image on the left, with monolithic square pixels. True, there is one more consideration - these are the extremely high temperatures that the projector matrix is exposed to when the light flux of the lamp passes through it. A regular LCD matrix will not withstand this ...
So, back to the main topic. We realized that we need a matrix with monolithic square dots, and such a matrix is certainly one-color. But we can create three individual images and superimposing them on top of each other to get the desired result:
We can combine three images inside the projector if we use three matrices at the same time. Or we can cheat and combine three images already on the screen. More precisely, we can project them one by one onto the screen, and in the viewer's head they will be combined into color:
Here lies the root of the differences between projector technologies. Let's list the obvious features of the one-matrix and three-matrix approaches:
1.Single matrix projector uses one matrix instead of three. This means that this matrix may be more complex or expensive, or the projector will be cheaper.
2. Also, compact the projector is easier to do on the basis of single-matrix technology.
3.Three matrix projector uses three colors from the white spectrum, one matrix at a time - only one, and the rest is cut off. It means low efficiency use of lamp light. In other words, it means insufficient brightness.
4. Depending on the frame rate, under certain conditions, the viewer may notice the color components of the image from a single-matrix projector. This is called the "colour separation effect" or " rainbow effect". The image of a three-matrix projector in this sense will be flawless.
Below is the "rainbow effect" at its worst:
5. Do three-matrixmatrix projectorfit exactlyto each other. If this does not happen, then the accuracy of the boundaries of individual pixels decreases. In a single-matrix projector, the pixel will have a perfectly precise shape and depend only on the optics of the projector.
I'm not saying that all of the points listed above are necessarily inherent in every projector built on the basis of a single-matrix or three-matrix approach, but they indicate the problems and opportunities that projector designers have to deal with.
In the more expensive price segments, and especially in High End projectors, many shortcomings have been overcome and everything depends not on technology, but on “direct hands”.
However, in the budget segment - in business projectors, projectors for education and low-cost home projectors, the peculiarities of technology appear more sharply. The main two technologies fighting for the budget segment are single matrix DLP projectors and three-matrix LCD (3LCD) projectors. In more expensive segments, three-matrix LCoS (they are also SXRD, they are also D-ILA, etc.) and three-matrix DLP are added.
Having understood the difference between a one-matrix and a three-matrix projector, let's move on to the types of matrices. After all, technologies are named after matrices (DLP, 3LCD, etc.).
DLP projectors
When people talk about DLP projectors, they mean single matrix DLP projectors unless otherwise noted. This is the majority of projectors from various manufacturers that we can find on sale. The projector's DLP matrix itself is called a DMD chip (eng. "Digital Micromirror Device"), manufactured by the American company Texas Instruments. As the name suggests, a DMD matrix is made up of million mirrors, capable of turning, occupying one of two fixed positions.
Thus, each mirror either reflects the light of the lamp onto the screen, or onto the light absorber (radiator) of the projector, giving a white or black dot on the screen:
Switching many times from black to white, we get shades of gray on the screen:
Full HD DMD chip contains 1920 * 1080 = 2,073,600 micromirrors.
As mentioned earlier, a single-matrix projector displays only one color component of the image at a time:
To isolate individual colors from the white light of a lamp, a rotating wheel with color filters (“color wheel”) is used:
The color wheel can have a different rotation speed, the higher it is - the less noticeable the “rainbow effect” characteristic of single-matrix projectors will be. The color wheel can consist of filter segments of various colors, in addition to red, green and blue, additional colors can be used. For example, an RGBRGB wheel would have red, green, and blue components. In the photo below - RGBCMY wheel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow):
This is what it looks like in reality optical block DLP projector:
In the last photo you can see a small transparent segment of the color wheel. transparent segment(if equipped) allows the white light of the lamp to pass through, enhancing the black-and-white brightness of the image.
This allows you to decide the problem of inefficiency single-matrix approach without installing a more powerful lamp. This is especially useful for bright office projectors, but the brightness of the black and white component of the image is significantly brighter. brightness of the color component of the image, - at maximum brightness, colors may appear darker, faded. Although this method is popular and is used by most DLP projectors, it is not a must for every DLP projector or DLP technology.
The comparative advantages and disadvantages of single-matrix DLP projectors are discussed in comparison with similar 3LCD projectors, so I will list them in the section.
However, it immediately makes sense to indicate that the DMD chip, thanks to the mirror, reflective principle of operation, allows you to better cut off the light, which gives high contrast, or "deep black". For some DLP projectors, the operation of the DMD chip with its constant switching of mirrors is associated with the appearance of small noises on the screen or a decrease in the number of color gradations (smoothness of color transitions).
Three Matrix DLP Projectors are used, as a rule, in expensive installation or home models and are completely devoid of most of the disadvantages associated with DLP technology (“rainbow effect”, low energy efficiency / low color brightness), while having a high contrast characteristic of a DMD chip.
3LCD Projectors
3LCD technology was created by Epson, although it is used in projectors from some other well-known manufacturers, including Sony.
The name tells us that 3LCD projectors use three liquid crystal matrices, which simultaneously work with red, green and blue streams of light, displaying an "honest" color image on the screen.
3LCD projector operation scheme:
In 3LCD projectors, a lamp is used as a light source, the light of which is initially divided by special filters into three components. But the heart of the projector is the three matrices adjacent to the prism, in which the three streams of light are combined again, in other words, the three color components of the image are combined into a multi-color image, which is displayed on the screen.
White is also formed by mixing red, green and blue, which eliminates the imbalance in brightness between the black and white and color components of the image, which allows manufacturers to claim higher "color brightness".
Other things being equal, working into the light The LCD matrix cuts off excess light somewhat worse than the mirror DMD chip, which gives several less contrast compared to DLP projectors. It is also worth noting that, unlike a DMD mirror chip, LCD panels can be in a semi-closed position, letting in more or less light. They don't have to move back and forth.
More expensive home theater projectors use a modification of 3LCD matrices under the designation C2Fine, which gives contrast sufficient for the High-End home theater segment.
3LCD vs DLP
Here we will talk about comparing technologies, single-matrix DLP and 3LCD, in terms of their application in "tube" projectors of the budget and mid-price categories. With more expensive projectors, many of the shortcomings of the technology can be sufficiently reduced to nothing, so it's better to compare specific models.
At the same time, I propose to single out two areas of application for projectors: in a darkened room, or in the light. The fact is that in a darkened room, the projector does not require high brightness - less than 1000 Lumens may be enough. However, in the dark, image contrast, “black depth”, plays a very important role. In a well-lit room, high brightness is required from the projector, high contrast does not provide any advantages. Why - written in.
Brightness vs Color Reproduction. As shown earlier, single-matrix DLP projectors use only one color at a time, discarding the rest.
This is less of a problem for projectors designed for dark environments where too much brightness is not required. However, for office projectors, education, etc., this creates a problem. Since the projector must have high brightness, and the use of a more powerful lamp will lead to an increase in the cost of the projector, an increase in its noise, etc., the lack of brightness is usually compensated installation of a transparent segment color wheel. As a result, an imbalance is created: bright black and white image but dark colors. 3LCD projectors do not have this problem, which is why manufacturers claim high "color brightness" of 3LCD projectors. And brightness is one of the three basic characteristics of color (along with hue and saturation) and is important for proper color reproduction.
Contrast. The projector's DLP micromirrors effectively filter unwanted light, producing deep black levels. DLP projectors usually have deeper blacks than 3LCD projectors (except for more expensive home theater models). This plays a significant role in a darkened room and does not play any role in the light.
"Rainbow Effect". This effect can occur on single-matrix DLP projectors (see the description of DLP technology), on high-contrast scenes. Its visibility directly depends on the speed of rotation of the color wheel. The "rainbow effect" is usually detected when the eye moves quickly from one object on the screen to another.
Imitation of the "rainbow effect"
Minor Features
"Mosquito net"(screen door effect). DLP matrices have control elements located under the mirrors, whereas in 3LCD matrices they occupy some space around the pixel, forming a small gap between the pixels. Fans of DLP technology claim that as a result of 3LCD projectors, the edging of individual points creates the effect of looking through a mosquito net. In my opinion, the significance of this effect is exaggerated. First of all, both 3LCD and DLP projectors can have this effect, often a side-by-side side-by-side comparison reveals no difference. Expensive home theater projectors may use special techniques to eliminate the visible border between pixels.
Direct comparison of random office projectors
Smoothness of color transitions. This feature is related to the DMD chip control of the DLP projector. Some inexpensive DLP projectors may display sharp color transitions (“posterization effect”), digital noise may be noticeable when displaying a single color field. However, this is a feature of individual projectors, not the technology as a whole.
Pixel mismatch. All 3-matrix projectors, including 3LCDs, may not show perfect dot alignment of the three matrices. In this case, the points on the screen will be slightly blurry, less clear. Other things being equal, using a single matrix gives DLP projectors sharper pixels. However, this advantage often remains unrealized due to the use of inexpensive optics.
 |
No dust filters. DLP projectors have a sealed optical block to prevent dust from entering it. As a result, most DLP projector manufacturers do not use air filters, stating this as an advantage. This question is ambiguous. On the one hand, DLP projector manufacturers claim that you need someone in your organization to clean the filter. On the other hand, there are popular brands of DLP projectors with filters, and the user manual of some DLP projectors recommends periodically vacuuming the vents, etc. In any case, the tightness of the optical unit does not mean that the rest of the projector components, such as the lamp and circuit boards, are protected from dust. .
Compactness. The use of just one chip allows the production of mini-projectors and pico-projectors based on DLP technology. Especially when combined with an LED light source.
LCoS technology
Another technology used primarily in more expensive projectors.
LCoS ("Liquid Crystals on Silicon") is a kind of hybrid of 3LCD and DLP technologies. Many companies have their own designations for their variations of this projector technology: Sony has SXRD, JVC has D-ILA, Epson has "reflective 3LCD" (reflective 3LCD).
"Reflective 3LCD" perhaps perfectly illustrates how LCoS works. Imagine a 3LCD projector with a liquid crystal layer on top of a reflective layer:
Relatively speaking, an LCoS matrix is an LCD matrix glued to a mirror. One of the advantages of this approach is that the light is forced to pass through the LCD matrix twice, which makes it possible to better cut off excess light, increasing the contrast. Like the DLP matrix, the control elements are located under the matrix, but at the same time, the LCoS matrix has no moving elements, which allows you to almost completely get rid of the gap between the pixels - no “mosquito net effect”.
If in terms of the layout of the matrices and the path of light, the 3LCD projector looked like this:
then LCoS will be a little more complicated due to the reflective nature of the matrices:
LCoS vs Everyone
LCoS technology was originally conceived as a combination of the advantages of 3LCD and DLP technologies, but without their disadvantages.
However, since LCoS projectors are usually quite expensive, for example, high-end home projectors, then at this price level both DLP and 3LCD projectors will be of a completely different level, they will implement a number of solutions that will largely get rid of the original technology flaws. For example, the C2fine 3LCD panels provide high-end contrast, and the microlens array can largely eliminate the gaps between pixels. A DLP projector may simply be three-matrix.
As a result, it is difficult to talk about the specific advantages of a particular technology in an expensive segment, where every little thing is important.
Light Sources: Lamps
UHP mercury lamps are the traditional light source for projectors. They combine low cost and ease of replacement with high brightness, and their approximate life expectancy is 3,000 to 5,000 hours on average at full power. As a rule, the power of the lamps installed in the projector is 200 W or more. The technology description above assumes that UHP lamps are used as the light source.
Lamp gives flow of white, which must be divided into red, green, blue, etc. streams using special color filters, which are used both in 3LCD projectors and in the color wheel of DLP projectors. At the same time, UHP lamps initially give not perfect white color tint. It is usually greenish. To compensate for this hue and make the light of the lamp perfectly white, both optical filters and correction using the projector's matrices are used, by limiting the brightness of the green.
This is the reason why classic projectors have "Bright" ("Dynamic") and "Fine" ("Cinema") image modes: in a bright tint, the image is greenish, but it reaches maximum brightness, and in a precise tint, a green tint removed at the cost of a significant decrease in brightness. All this, of course, has nothing to do with the features of LCD or DLP technologies.
One of the disadvantages of UHP lamps is the high operating temperature, which requires intensive cooling. The lamp takes some time to reach its optimum brightness. Another point - the brightness of the lamp may decrease over time.
However, lamps are a proven, predictable, high-quality, bright, inexpensive light source that will not leave us anytime soon.
Special mention should be made xenon lamps. They are more powerful, more expensive and less efficient, but they initially have a more correct white balance and an exceptionally even emission spectrum, which allows for better color reproduction. Such lamps are well suited for high-end projectors.
Comparison of emission spectra of mercury and xenon lamps
Light Sources: LED and Laser
We move on to semiconductor light sources (LEDs and lasers). Their characteristic feature is that they can have an extremely narrow emission spectrum, which gives pure, saturated colors that do not need to be separated from the white spectrum by special filters. This feature will be especially important in the era of new video standards such as Ultra HD, which require the display of extremely pure colors.
Simply put, the difference between laser and LED light sources is their power and cost. Laser projectors are more powerful, but the cost of manufacturing the lasers themselves is quite high, especially the green one. The LED light source is not that expensive, although its brightness is usually limited to 500-700 lumens, with the weak link in terms of brightness being the green LED.
As a result, laser projectors are used mainly in more expensive home projectors, while LED projectors are mostly miniature models, all based on single-matrix DLP technology.
When using colored LEDs in such projectors, there is no need for moving elements like a color wheel (LEDs have an instantaneous response):
True, there are projectors that use white LEDs. Such projectors by their device are not much different from lamp ones.
An important advantage of semiconductor light sources is an average resource of 20,000 hours. In addition, the power consumption and temperature of such a light source is much lower than that of lamps.
With all of the above, the presence of an LED light source does not guarantee either noiselessness or real energy savings compared to classic UHP lamps - it all depends on the specific projector.Also, remember that 5,000 hours of a "normal lamp" is watching a two-hour movie every day for almost 7 years! Also a lot.
Unlike lamps, which are easy to remove from the projector and replace, solid-state light sources are unlikely to be replaced without contacting a service center.
Hybrid Light Sources: LED/Laser
As previously stated, LED light source is limited by the brightness of the green LED, and laser light source is limited by the cost of the green laser. One solution (used in Casio projectors) is to replace the projector's green LED with a blue laser, shining on a green phosphor. In this case, a blue LED is used to emit blue light, or the same blue laser.
If a blue laser is used for both blue and green, then a rotating color wheel is indispensable:
In the case of the blue LED, everything is much simpler:
The resource of hybrid light sources is usually estimated by the manufacturer at 20,000 hours, like lasers and LEDs, but there are doubts whether the green phosphor itself will last this period and whether it loses brightness over time? Still, the good old lamps have long been understood and studied, and here we are dealing with a fairly new technology.
Another point is related to the fact that the purity of the green color, its saturation, will be determined by a hybrid projector not by a laser, but by a phosphor. Thus, such a projector can display pure reds and blues, while still displaying fairly sub-saturated greens.
Therefore, the main advantage of hybrid projectors is considered to be a long service life, which provides long-term savings compared to lamp projectors.
Http://jamer82.0fees.us/images/9068b248538e.jpg dating in moscow without registration, fiancé dating, dating body, dating in yaroslavl, dating in khabarovsk, dating site data, dating site novgorod, dating site without registration with phones, dating site without sex, dating watch online, dating free entry to my page, mambo dating, gay dating bulletin board, dating in Russia, dating ru date, dating ru dating, people dating site, love dating site my page, dating sergeev, dating volgograd without, mature sex dating, dating site dav, dating site come on, dating site with men, free intimate dating, dating open my page, open 24 dating my page, dating chance, dating club over 40, sergey sergeev dating, dating sergey, international dating, dating velikiy novgorod, adult dating online, family dating site, dating login and password, sec dating lower, forever dating my page, May Love dating my page, dating 684, dating for married people, dating Volgograd without registration, lesson acquaintance with the class, dating photo country my page, free photo of girls dating, dating site with women, mature women dating
Hello Savings Lover! What can you buy online? Yes, almost everything! So for everything you can get a significant percentage of our cashback! Our regular users know that with the help of the cashback service you can not only buy clothes and equipment profitably, but also save on purchases of household chemicals, cosmetics and a host of other categories of goods. And here you can get cashback from every order of your favorite food! We are constantly expanding our list of partners among online stores, choosing the most popular ones so that you do not have to limit yourself in your choice! Choose from thousands of brands and a million products in different categories! And, of course, get cashback from every order! Visit our site right now and reduce your shopping costs! Save up to 40% on every purchase! Take advantage of the money back service. Introducing the world's largest cashback service! - 2078 popular online cashback stores - 969 stores with increased cashback. Today, bank cards are not only a way to store cash and non-cash payments, but also a very interesting financial instrument that opens up a number of convenient and beneficial features for their owners. cashback has become a favorite item in many related card features. Fast cash withdrawal in a convenient way! bit.ly/2VYijaH
Hi all! Check out the CryptoTab browser - you just use it like a regular browser - you watch YouTube and series, you sit in the social. networks and anywhere, and at the same time you still receive income in bitcoins due to the mining algorithm built into the browser - bit.ly/2JcKT4u
Friends, we are immensely happy to inform you about the launch of the largest project! Money Island Money Island is not just a game! Here you will find sparkling humor, new friends, earning opportunities and in general you will be able to have a great time! Money Island Money Island is a crypto-economic strategy that will allow you to go from a bum to a millionaire and earn real money. Sparkling, humor, vivid plot, ample opportunities for earning will not leave you indifferent.
Introducing the new CryptoTab - bit.ly/2OOmu60 Over the past months, we have been working on making the mining process in CryptoTab Browser even more convenient and efficient. We have optimized the performance of the mining algorithm and now you can earn up to three times more income in the same period of time as before. The changes will affect users of multi-core processors the most - thanks to optimization and system settings, the algorithm has become more efficient in using processor power. This allowed us to increase the speed of mining while reducing the use of computer resources. Now you can mine and fully work in the browser at the same time. In the updated CryptoTab panel, we have reorganized the layout of the elements, supplementing them with useful information so that the mining process is even easier and more understandable for everyone. Enjoy even more convenient and faster mining with the new type of CryptoTab! Invite new users to your mining network with a personal link and earn more. Remember that the more active miners in your network, the higher the earnings! Take the initiative and get a stable additional income for a long time!
Пассивный РґРѕС…РѕРґ – РЅРµ РјРёС„ Рё РЅРµ приманка для искателей легиих РєРѕ СЂРµR°Р»СЊРЅРѕСЃС‚СЊ, которая СЃ легкостью может стать вашей RќRѕ RґR "SЏ SЃRѕR · RґR ° RЅRoSЏ RІS The CryptoTab mobile browser is based on the Chromium engine, which is famous for its speed and low resource requirements. CryptoTab is as fast as Google Chrome and with the same user-friendly interface. Install the CryptoTab mobile browser, earn money anywhere and anytime! – Familiar user interface Built-in CryptoTab mining features Multi-device synchronization Extremely fast and lightweight browser fast browsers 2019 crypto tab browser reviews Browser mining 933b537 @_cr The CryptoTab mobile browser is based on the Chromium engine, which is famous for its speed and low resource requirements. CryptoTab is as fast as Google Chrome and with the same user-friendly interface. Install CryptoTab mobile browser, get profit anywhere and anytime! – Familiar user interface Built-in CryptoTab mining features Multiple device synchronization Extremely fast and light browser download fast browser turbo site cloud mine best cloud mining 8bf94a5 @_cr How to use your computer wisely? Make him mine cryptocurrency! CryptoTab Browser is the fastest way to get started in the mining world. The browser is already configured and ready to use - just download and install! bit.ly/2JcKT4u It is important to us that CryptoTab users are confident in our reliability and the safety of their funds. One way to achieve this is to make payouts as transparent as possible. New Payout Statuses: Track Your Money To make it easier for you to track and control your withdrawals, we've developed a new status system. Thanks to it, you will always know where your money is and what needs to be done in order for the payment to be completed successfully. When you send a request for a payment, a complex mechanism starts to move. Before the mined cryptocurrency is in your BTC wallet, the request goes through three stages: - Confirmation by the userAfter sending the request, an email with a confirmation link will be sent to your email. This is necessary to prevent scammers from making a false request on your behalf. - Moderator VerificationCryptoTab moderators check requests to weed out fraudulent and suspicious ones. Most often, the verification happens automatically, so you won't have to wait long. - Blockchain entryAfter confirmation by the moderator, the request for funds transfer is sent to the blockchain. The details of the transaction are recorded on the blockchain and the bitcoins are sent to your account. Small delays are possible at each stage, but thanks to the new status system, you will always know where the funds are now. You no longer have to guess where the money is and why it is not yet in your account the fastest browser in the world Browser mining download crypto tab browser 5372be4 @_cr Great news! I'm glad to introduce you to the new version of CryptoTab. Over the past months, we have been working to make the mining process in CryptoTab even more convenient and efficient. We have improved the mining algorithm and now you can get up to three times more income in the same period of time , as before. The changes will affect users of multi-core processors the most - thanks to optimizations and system settings, the algorithm has become more fully utilized by the processor's power. This allowed us to increase the speed of mining while reducing the use of computer resources. Now you can mine and fully work in the browser at the same time. In the updated CryptoTab panel, we reorganized the layout of the elements, adding useful information to make the mining process even easier and clearer for everyone. Enjoy even more convenient and faster mining with the new version of CryptoTab! - Invite new users to your mining network with a personal link and earn even more. - Keep in mind that the more active miners in your group, the more earnings! - Take the initiative and get additional income for a long time! fast mobile crypto tab browsers for android cryptocurrency cloud mining 5_78be9 @_cr
architectural lighting- a kind of lighting design, which consists in the artistic illumination of the facades of buildings, structures, houses, cottages, restaurants and cinemas, various metal structures.
One of the main tasks of architectural lighting is to create an image that stands out from the same type, dull block building of the city, the formation of the desired appearance of the object. Architectural lighting is mainly used to highlight buildings from the urban environment through aesthetic lighting design at night.
Architectural lighting can be divided into 3 groups:
- Light fixtures. Various types of lamps are used, for example, LED lamps powered by batteries or solar panels are the most economical in terms of energy consumption. Use LED and halogen lamps, incandescent lamps, various;
- gobo projection. Special gobo projectors are used, the main part of which is a stencil made of glass, metal or film. The size of the projected image can reach 10 square meters;
- Video projection. One of the most technically complex types of architectural lighting, which gives an amazing WOW effect. Pre-prepared content is broadcast to the illuminated surface through projectors connected to the control computer.
Applications:
- creation of both spot and flood illumination of small objects (monuments, fountains, arches, etc.)
- formation of decorative lighting of buildings and structures
- lighting elements of landscape design
- for advertising purposes
Mechanics - how it works:
The project begins with a lighting and technical calculation indicating the lux on the surfaces of the building, the number of lighting elements is calculated, as well as the power consumption and light output to achieve the planned lighting effect. The next stage is the preparation of a photo project with architectural lighting for a complete understanding of the picture - how the building looks in the dark with architectural lighting.
Advantages of this solution:
- creating a unique identity
- is a local center of attention
- increases throughput and human flow
- there is a choice of software and control systems that allow you to combine several buildings located nearby into a single complex
- economical power consumption
- durability in operation
In the assembly of which the kit kit will help, a link to it will be at the end of the article. This radio constructor will be useful for assembly for radio amateurs, as well as for those who want to test their skills in working with a soldering iron for the first time. This clock will look great anywhere, and the rotating projection on LEDs will only add originality.
Before reading the article, I suggest watching a video that shows the entire assembly process of this kit, as well as full testing.
In order to make a clock with LED projection, you will need:
* Kit set
* Soldering iron, flux, solder
* Device for soldering "third hand"
* Tweezers
* USB whistle, you can buy
* Thermal gun
* Side cutters
* Silicone mat for soldering
* Power supply with USB port
Step one.
First, let's take a look at what's included in the kit. There are several bags with boards, there are three different sizes in total, they are marked for ease of assembly, there are also SMD resistors and LEDs, of which there are quite a lot.
The large printed circuit board will be driven by an electric motor, which has a special plexiglass housing for greater stability.
In a separate bag, place all the parts for the power supply of the motor, unlike the other two boards, it will be assembled on DIP radio components, that is, the board has holes for installation.
A special cable is provided for connecting the power supply, and the clock can be controlled using the remote control. Assembly instructions are not included in the kit, but on the seller's page there is a link where you can download it in an electronic version, where everything is analyzed in sufficient detail to the smallest detail, including the firmware process. Having dealt with the kit, we proceed to the assembly itself.
Step two.
First of all, we will install parts on the largest SMD board from the kit, a microcircuit is already pre-soldered on it, since a soldering dryer would be needed to install it. It is not necessary to determine the resistance of SMD resistors, since here they have the same ratings, which is very convenient. Using tweezers, open the tape of resistors and pour them onto a silicone mat for soldering.
Installing such a large number of parts will require a lot of patience. One resistor and LED are already soldered from the factory, this was done in order to understand their correct location.
We apply flux to the contacts of the board and tin them with a soldering iron.
Then, using tweezers, we put the resistor in its place and solder it with a soldering iron.
Next, soldering all the resistors on one contact, solder their second side and, if necessary, add solder.
When all the resistors are soldered, go to the LEDs, their green dot must be in the same direction as the strip on the board marking, otherwise the LEDs will not work and you will need to change their position. We solder the LEDs in the same way as resistors, first on one side, and then on the other.
Step three.
We proceed to the assembly of a small board, apply a flux on it and, similarly to the previous board, solder the LEDs and resistors.
Next, we place SMD diodes on a large board, we are guided by a strip on the case and the marking of the board.
Then we solder the remaining resistors according to the instructions, as well as ceramic capacitors, the values \u200b\u200bof which are signed on the tape.
We install the microcircuit on the board, guided by the key on the board and on the case in the form of a point. We solder its conclusions separately so as not to overheat the microcircuit. If the leads are soldered to each other, then excess solder can be removed with a copper braid.
On the other side of the board, solder three 10 kΩ resistors.
Step four.
Now we install the receiver, the battery on the board. We also insert a 470 microfarad capacitor, observing the polarity, plus this is a long leg, minus is short, on the board the negative contact is indicated by hatching.
We solder the conclusions of the radio components on the reverse side of the board and remove their remnants with the help of side cutters. When removing leads with side cutters, be careful, as you can tear off the track from the board.
On the same side, we solder the quartz and the diode, where the long leg is a plus, the short leg is a minus, the minus on the board is indicated by a dash.
We solder a small and a large board to each other by inserting it into a special groove. On the other hand, solder their contacts to each other.
Next, we wash off the flux from the board, this can be done with a brush and alcohol or "galosh" gasoline.
Step five.
We thread the screws into special holes on the large board and fasten the coil onto them, and solder the leads from it to two contacts. In order for the coil mount to hold securely, you need to bite off a small pin on the back side with side cutters, this is an extra part from the casting.
We glue the core and coil on superglue and give a little time for complete drying.
After assembling the main board, you can put it aside for a while and assemble the last board.
Step six.
We collect the power supply. We install radio components on a small board, according to the instructions.
We install resistors without determining their value, since there is only one resistor of a different resistance. In place D2 we put a jumper. We also install an electrolytic capacitor, observing the polarity. We put a ceramic capacitor, transistors, guided by the pattern of the board, repeating its shape.
We do not solder the LED at this stage, since it will be mounted on the case and connected to the board through wires. On the reverse side of the board, we bend the leads of the parts so that they do not fall out during soldering, and after fixing the board in the "third hand" fixture, we solder the legs to the contacts. Then we remove the remnants of the leads with side cutters.
The kit included a cable of multi-colored wires, we disconnect them and solder them to the board. We connect an LED to two of them, plus which is a long output, it is shown on the board as a triangle. We install it on a plexiglass panel in a special hole.
We solder the electric motor to other wires and fasten it to the same Plexiglas panel with two screws. To connect the power supply, a socket is provided that must be connected via wires to the board.
