Surely you have heard more than once about such a wonderful search engine as Google. I suppose you have had to use it more than once when you wanted to know something. But did you find what you wanted? If you search Google for answers just as often as I do, I think this article will be useful to you because it is designed to make your search faster and more efficient. So, for starters, a little history ...
Google is a misrepresentation of the English word googol, coined by Milton Sirotta, the nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kaiser, to designate a number consisting of one and one hundred zeros. Now Google’s name is the leader in Internet search engines, developed by Google Inc.
Google occupies more than 70% of the global market, which means that seven out of ten people on the network go to his page for information on the Internet. Now it registers about 50 million search queries daily and indexes over 8 billion web pages. Google can find information in 101 languages. Google at the end of August 2004 consisted of 132 thousand cars located in different parts of the world.
Google uses an intelligent text analysis technique that allows you to search for relevant and at the same time relevant pages for your search. To do this, Google analyzes not only the page itself that matches the request, but also the pages that link to it to determine the value of this page for the purposes of your request. In addition, Google prefers pages where the keywords you enter are located close to each other.
The Google interface contains a rather complex query language, which allows you to limit the search scope to specific domains, languages, file types, etc. Using some operators of this language allows you to make the process of searching for the necessary information more flexible and accurate. Let's consider some of them.
Logical "AND" (AND):
By default, when writing query words with a space, Google searches for documents containing all the query words. This corresponds to the AND operator. Those. the space is equivalent to the AND operator.
For example:
Cats Dogs Zebra Parrots
Cats AND Dogs AND Parrots AND Zebras
(both requests are the same)
Logical "OR" (OR):
Written using the OR operator. Note that the OR operator must be capitalized. Relatively recently, it became possible to write a logical “OR” in the form of a vertical bar (|), similar to how it is done in Yandex. Used to search with several options for the necessary information.
For example:
Dachshunds long-haired OR smooth-haired
Long-haired dachshunds | smooth coat
(both requests are the same)
Keep in mind that Google searches are not case sensitive! Those. Greenland and Greenland will be exactly the same.
Operator Plus (+):
There are situations when you need to forcibly include in the text any word that may have spelling variations. To do this, use the "+" operator before the required word. Suppose if we have a request for Home Alone I, as a result of the query we will get unnecessary information about Home Alone II, Home Alone III and very little about Home Alone I. If we have a request of the form Home Alone + I, the result will be information only about the movie Home Alone I.
For example:
Newspaper + Dawn
Bernoulli equation + math
Exclude words from the query. Logical "NOT" (-):
As you know, informational garbage is often found when making a request. To remove it, exclusion operators are used as standard - logical “NOT”. In Google, such an operator is represented by a minus sign. Using this operator, you can exclude from the search results those pages that contain certain words in the text. It is used, like the "+" operator, before the excluded word.
For example:
Crane Well - Bird
Dead Souls - Novel
Search for exact phrase (""):
In practice, searching for the exact phrase is required either to search for the text of a specific work or to search for specific products or companies in which the name or part of the description is a consistently repeating phrase. To cope with such a task with the help of Google, you need to enclose the request in quotation marks (referring to double quotes, which are used, for example, to highlight direct speech).
For example:
The work "The Quiet Don"
“It was cold in the yard, although this did not prevent Boris from carrying out what was planned.”
By the way, Google allows you to enter in the query string no more than 32 words!
Word truncation (*):
Sometimes you need to look for information about a word combination in which one or more words are unknown. For these purposes, the operator "*" is used instead of unknown words. Those. "*" - any word or group of words.
For example:
Master and *
Leonardo * Vinci
The cache statement:
The search engine stores a version of the text that is indexed by the search spider in a special storage in a format called a cache. The cached version of the page can be retrieved if the original page is not available (for example, the server on which it is stored does not work). The cached page is shown in the form in which it is stored in the search engine database and is accompanied by an inscription at the top of the page that it is a page from the cache. It also contains information about the time the cached version was created. On the page from the cache, the query keywords are highlighted, and each word is highlighted with its own color for the convenience of the user. You can create a request that immediately returns a cached version of a page with a specific address: cache: page_address, where instead of "page_address" is the address of the page stored in the cache. If you need to find any information in a cached page, you must write a request for this information after the page address with a space.
For example:
cache: www.bsd.com
cache: www.knights.ru tournaments
It must be remembered that there should not be a space between ":" and the page address!
Filetype oparator:
As you know, Google indexes not only html pages. If, for example, you need to find some information in a file type other than html, you can use the filetype operator, which allows you to search for information in a specific file type (html, pdf, doc, rtf ...).
For example:
Html filetype specification: pdf
Works by filetype: rtf
Info statement:
The info operator allows you to see information that Google knows about this page.
For example:
info: www.wiches.ru
info: www.food.healthy.com
Site operator:
This operator restricts the search to a specific domain or site. That is, if you make a request: marketing intelligence site: www.acfor-tc.ru, then the results will be obtained from pages containing the words "marketing" and "intelligence" on the site "acfor-tc.ru", and not in others parts of the internet.
For example:
Music site: www.music.su
Books site: ru
Link operator:
This operator allows you to see all pages that link to the page on which the request was made. So, the link: www.google.com request will return pages that have links to google.com.
For example:
link: www.ozone.com
Friends link: www.happylife.ru
Allintitle statement:
If you start the request with the allintitle operator, which translates as “everything is in the title”, then Google will produce texts that contain all the words of the request in the headers (inside the TITLE tag in HTML).
For example:
allintitle: Free software
allintitle: Download music albums
Intitle statement:
Shows pages in which only the word immediately after the intitle statement is contained in the header, and all other query words can be anywhere in the text. Putting an intitle operator before each query word will be equivalent to using the allintitle operator.
For example:
Intitle Programs: Download
intitle: Free intitle: download software
Allinurl statement:
If the request starts with the allinurl operator, then the search is limited to those documents in which all the query words are contained only in the page address, that is, in the url.
For example:
allinurl: rus games
allinurl: books fantasy
Inurl statement:
A word that is located directly in conjunction with the inurl operator will be found only in the address of the Internet page, and the remaining words - anywhere in such a page.
For example:
inurl: books download
inurl: games crack
Related operator:
This statement describes pages that are “similar” to a particular page. So, the related: www.google.com query will return pages with a similar theme to Google.
For example:
related: www.ozone.com
related: www.nnm.ru
The define statement:
This operator performs the role of a kind of explanatory dictionary, allowing you to quickly get a definition of the word that is entered after the operator.
For example:
define: Kangaroo
define: motherboard
Synonym Search Operator (~):
If you want to find texts that contain not only your keywords, but also their synonyms, then you can use the "~" operator before the word to which you need to find synonyms.
For example:
Species ~ metamorphosis
~ Object Orientation
Range operator (..):
For those who have to work with numbers, Google has made it possible to search for ranges between numbers. In order to find all pages containing numbers in a certain range of "from - to", it is necessary to put two points (..) between these extreme values, that is, the range operator.
For example:
Buy a book $ 100 .. $ 150
Population of 1913.1935
Here are all the query language operators I know on Google. I hope they somehow make it easier for you to find the information you need. In any case, I use them very often and I can say with confidence that when I use them, I spend much less time searching, if without them.
Good luck! And may the Force be with you.
Tags: search, operators, google
The social network Facebook is becoming more popular, respectively, the number of its users and the average number of Facebook friends among these users are increasing. Sometimes we add to our friends on Facebook unfamiliar or completely unfamiliar people whom we have never even seen in real life.
And I’m sure that in connection with this, from time to time, many people need to publish Facebook posts “not for everyone”. That is, when you want your publication on Facebook to be seen only by certain people from your circle of friends, but not all. Or vice versa, you want to hide the publication from certain people on Facebook. I would even say that everyone has such a need, but most of them simply don’t realize it, not caring at all about the privacy of their data. And unfortunately, not everyone knows that Facebook has subtle settings for displaying publications, which help to maintain confidentiality on the network to avoid problems caused by certain publications.
When you post a post on Facebook, below the entry form you see the option to display the post, thanks to which you can choose who can see your post. By default, there are two options available: “Accessible to everyone” (that is, your publication will be available all over the Internet), and “Friends” (that is, only your Facebook friends will see your publication).
However, sometimes these settings may not be enough, so you can select the "Advanced Settings" option.
In the additional settings, you can choose the following options for displaying your facebook post:
Also, the settings allow you to share your post only for your colleagues or for people from your region, or for your own list of friends. 
If all these options specially created by Facebook developers are not enough for you, you can create your own settings. This is very convenient for special cases - for example, you want to share photos from the past corporate party for your colleagues, but so that the boss does not see this.
To create your own rule for displaying a post, select "User Settings" in the post publication settings.
You will see a window in which you can choose both individual people for whom you want to post (just start typing the name of the person and he will appear in the drop-down list), and vice versa, people for whom your post will be unavailable.
2.
3.
4.
5. Expectations
6.
7. WebDriver API
8. Appendix: Frequently Asked Questions
5. Expectations
These days, most web applications use AJAX technology. When a page is loaded in a browser, the elements on this page can be loaded at different time intervals. This makes it difficult to find elements; if the element is not present in the DOM, an ElementNotVisibleException is thrown. Using expectations, we can solve this problem. Waiting gives a certain time interval between the actions performed - the search for an element or any other operation with the element.Selenium WebDriver provides two types of expectations - implicit and explicit. Explicit wait causes WebDriver to wait for a certain condition to occur before the action takes place. Implicit waiting causes WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when it tries to find an element.
5.1 Explicit expectations
Explicit waiting is the code by which you determine what necessary condition must occur in order for further code to be executed. The worst example of such code is the use of the time.sleep () command, which sets the exact timeout. There are more convenient methods to help you write code that expects exactly as long as necessary. WebDriverWait in combination with ExpectedCondition is one such way.From selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC driver \u003d webdriver.Firefox () driver.get ("http: // somedomain / url_that_delays_loading ") try: element \u003d WebDriverWait (driver, 10) .until (EC.presence_of_element_located ((By.ID," myDynamicElement "))) finally: driver.quit ()
This code will wait 10 seconds before throwing a TimeoutException or if it finds an element in these 10 seconds, it will return it. WebDriverWait by default calls ExpectedCondition every 500 milliseconds until it receives a successful return. A successful return for ExpectedCondition is of type Boolean and returns true, or returns not null for all other ExpectedCondition types.
Expected Terms
There are certain conditions that are often found when automating websites. The following are implementations of each. Bindings in Selenium Python provide some convenient methods, so you don’t have to write the expected_condition class yourself or create your own utility package.
- title_is
- title_contains
- presence_of_element_located
- visibility_of_element_located
- visibility_of
- presence_of_all_elements_located
- text_to_be_present_in_element
- text_to_be_present_in_element_value
- frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it
- invisibility_of_element_located
- element_to_be_clickable - it is Displayed and Enabled.
- staleness_of
- element_to_be_selected
- element_located_to_be_selected
- element_selection_state_to_be
- element_located_selection_state_to_be
- alert_is_present
The expected_conditions module already contains a set of predefined conditions for working with WebDriverWait.
5.2 Implicit expectations
Implicit wait tells WebDriver to “poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when it tries to find an element or elements that are not available at that time. The default value is 0. After installation, implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver instance of the object.From selenium import webdriver driver \u003d webdriver.Firefox () driver.implicitly_wait (10) # seconds driver.get ("http: // somedomain / url_that_delays_loading") myDynamicElement \u003d driver.find_element_by_id ("myDynamicElement")
Go to the next chapter.
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Today, almost every person has their own Facebook profile, but not everyone knows the capabilities of this social network.
site I decided to teach you some of the subtleties of the brainchild of Mark Zuckerberg.
1. Read hidden messages
Few people know that there are two mailboxes on Facebook. One of them is intended for messages from people who are not your friends on Facebook. If you did not know about the second mailbox, then you most likely missed invitations to various events from friends of your friends or offers for a meeting from former work colleagues. To read these messages, you need to click on the “Messages” icon, then click on the “Requests for correspondence” button and execute the command “View Filtered Requests”.
2. Check where you came from on your page
If you doubt that you have left your page on your friend’s computer, you can click the small down arrow in the upper right corner of your screen, select “Settings”. Click on the “Security” button from the list of commands that appears on the left, and then select “Where are you from?” - this way you can monitor all the browsers that are signed into your account at any time. To leave your page on any of the browsers, just click "End Action".
3. Be sure no one will hack you
If you have any doubts about the Facebook security system, you can use the “Confirm Login” button in the same “Security Settings” section. Thus, the security system will require you to enter a password when entering your account from an unknown device. If you access your page from a device that you have never used, you will need to use a password that will be sent to your phone.
4. Assign the person in charge of your profile.
I wonder what happens to our profile on a social network when we no longer use it? On Facebook, you also have the opportunity to choose the person who will be responsible for your page in the event of your death by clicking on the "Trusted Contacts" button all in the same "Security Settings". A trusted contact will not be able to publish news and correspond on your behalf. His authority includes changing the profile photo and responding to friend requests.
5. Let yourself be nostalgic
Sometimes we want to look again at our old ridiculous photos and long-standing correspondence with our best friend. To do this, you don’t have to scroll the mouse wheel for hours, but you can simply click on the icon with three dots in your friend’s profile and execute the “View Friendship” command.
6. Remember your past on facebook
On Facebook, you have the opportunity to see everything that you ever liked, was commented on or published by you. Just click on the upside-down arrow in the upper right corner of your page and select “Activity Log”.
7. Stay in the shoes of others
If you want to know what your profile looks like for those who are not your friends, click on the three dots to the right of the “View Activity Log” command and select “View As ...” This will give you a great opportunity to look at your page through the eyes of strangers you people.
This article will be primarily useful to beginner optimizers, because more advanced ones should already know everything about them. In order to use this article with maximum efficiency, it is advisable to know exactly which words need to be raised to the right positions. If you are still not sure about the word list, or use the keyword suggestion service, it is a bit confusing, but you can figure it out.
Important! Rest assured, Google is well aware that ordinary users will not use them and only promotion specialists will resort to their help. Therefore, Google may slightly distort the information provided.
Intitle statement:
Using: intitle: word
Example: intitle: website promotion
Description: When using this operator, you will get a list of pages in the heading of which is the word you are interested in, in our case it is the phrase "website promotion" as a whole. Please note that there must be no space after the colon. The title of the page is important when ranking, so take the responsibility of compiling the headings. When using this variable, you can estimate the approximate number of competitors who also want to be in the leading positions by this word.
Inurl statement:
Using: inurl: phrase
Example: inurl: search engine optimization cost calculation
Description: This command shows sites or pages that have a source keyword in the URL. Please note that there must be no space after the colon.
Inanchor Operator:
Using: inanchor: phrase
Example: inanchor: seo books
Description: Using this operator will help you see pages that have links with the keyword used. This is a very important team, but, unfortunately, search engines are reluctant to share this information with optimizers for obvious reasons. There are services, Linkscape and Majestic SEO, which are ready to provide you with this information for a fee, but be sure the information is worth it.
Also, it is worth remembering that now Google is paying more and more attention to the "trust" of the site and less and less link mass. Of course, links are still one of the most important factors, but “trust” is playing an increasingly important role.
Good results are obtained by a combination of two variables, for example intitle: promotion inanchor: website promotion. And what do we see, the search engine will show us the main competitors whose page title contains the word "promotion" and incoming links with the anchor "site promotion".
Unfortunately, this combination does not allow to know the “trust” of the domain, which, as we have already said, is a very important factor. For example, many old corporate sites do not have as many links as their young competitors, but they have many old links that pull these sites to the top of search results.
Site Operator:
Using: site: site address
Example: site: www.aweb.com.ua
Description: With this command you can see a list of pages that are indexed by the search engine and which it knows about. It is used mainly in order to learn about the pages of competitors and analyze them.
Cache statement:
Using: cache: page address
Example: cache: www.aweb.com.ua
Description: This command shows a “snapshot” of the page from the moment when the robot visited the site for the last time and in general, how it sees the contents of the page. By checking the page cache date, you can determine how often robots access the site. The more authoritative the site, the more often robots visit it, and accordingly, the less authoritative (according to Google) the site, the less often robots take snapshots of the page.
Cache is very important when buying links. The closer the page’s caching date to the link purchase date, the faster your link will be indexed by Google. Sometimes it turned out to find pages with a cache age of 3 months. Having bought a link on such a site, you will only spend your money in vain, because it is quite possible that the link will never be indexed.
Link Operator:
Using: link: url
Example: link: www.aweb.com.ua
Description: The link operator: searches and displays pages that link to the specified url. This can be either the main page of the site or the internal one.
Related operator
Using: related: url
Example: related: www.aweb.com.ua
Description: The related: operator displays pages that, according to the search engine, are similar to the specified page. For a person, all the pages received may not have anything similar, but for a search engine this is so.
Info statement:
Using: info: url
Example: info: www.aweb.com.ua
Description: Using this operator, we can get information about the page, which is known to the search engine. This may be the author, publication date, and more. Additionally, on the search page, Google offers several actions that it can do with this page. Or, more simply, he will suggest using some of the operators that we described above.
Allintitle statement:
Using: allintitle: phrase
Example: allintitle: aweb promotion
Description: If we start the search query with this word, we get a list of pages in the heading of which is the whole phrase. For example, if we try to search for the word allintitle: promotion aweb, we get a list of pages in the heading of which both of these words are mentioned. And they do not have to go one after another, they can be located in different places of the header.
Allintext statement:
Using: allintext: word
Example: allintext: optimization
Description: This operator searches for all pages whose text contains the specified word. If we try to use allintext: aweb optimization, we will see a list of pages in the text of which these words occur. That is, not the whole phrase is “aweb optimization”, but both the words “optimization” and “aweb”.
