Pinout of vga connectors. Can I connect a TV to my computer? What are the most important factors when choosing a video cable

Not so long ago, the VGA connector was extremely widespread, and therefore users had no problems connecting various types of monitors to this connector. Indeed, at that time, this interface was used by all modern monitor manufacturers. But today for connecting monitors there are already many other, more advanced connectors, such as DVI, HDMI and Display Port.

The invention of new connectors was facilitated by active development computer technology... After the first liquid crystal monitors appeared, the VGA connector immediately showed that its capabilities were no longer enough. In this regard, manufacturers began to actively make all kinds of adjustments to the original structure of the connectors in order to achieve the highest possible image quality displayed on the screen. Thus, the DVI format initially appeared, and the companies that produced equipment for entertainment and games also released their own format, as a result of which a replacement took place: VGA\u003e HDMI connector. After a while, DisplayPort appeared.

What is VGA?

VGA connector is an analog connector that connects the monitor to a computer. For the first time this standard appeared back in 1987, when it was developed by IBM specifically for a series of new computers. In systems of this series, a video card was used, which received the same name with the connector itself, while the resolution of this video card was small by today's standards (only 640x480 pixels). Thus, if you come across the concept of "VGA-connector" or "VGA-resolution" somewhere, you can roughly start from these numbers.

Despite the fact that this format appeared a long time ago, its use is still found today on many modern models of video cards. The maximum permissible resolution that VGA-connectors provide is 1280x1024 pixels, while the frame refresh rate can reach 75 Hz.

If a larger image is displayed on the screen, then serious quality losses will be noticeable. It is for this reason that over time, other methods of digital data transmission are being used more and more actively.

VESA DDC

DDC is a specialized way of integrating digital interface with a VGA connector and ensures the normal connection of the monitor to the video card. First version of this standard appeared in 1994, and it included the EDID 1.0 format, defining several options for physical channels. The second version of this format, which appeared already in 1996, made EDID a completely separate standard, and also defined the new DDC2B + protocol. A year later it was released a new version, which already introduced the updated DDC2Bi protocol, and also provided support for the VESA Plug and Display connector. Among other things, the final version provided a connector for flat panel displays with separate hardware addresses.

In 1999, the DDC standard was completely replaced by E-DDC, and EDID today is nothing more than an auxiliary standard by which the format of a compressed binary file is determined, which describes the properties, as well as graphic modes of the monitor, written to the memory chip by the manufacturer. this monitor.

DDC1

VGA connectors DDC1 allow the monitor to broadcast its characteristics to a computer in unilaterally... After the video card detects this information on the cable, it automatically reads it synchronously with the vertical sync pulses. For the time it takes to broadcast data, the vertical sync frequency may rise slightly (up to 25 kHz) if a DDC1-compatible monitor is detected.

DDC2

The VGA DDC2 monitor connector already provides for two-way communication, that is, the monitor can initially broadcast its technical characteristics, after which the computer adjusts to the parameters used by the monitor. The bi-directional data bus is a synchronous bus, which is somewhat similar to Access.bus. This bus is based on I2C technology, which is also evidenced by the fact that they even use standard signals of this standard.

IN modern computers a load of 15 kOhm is provided in the event that we are talking about SCLK or SDA channels. On the first channel, the monitor must provide a load of kOhm, while the DDC2B bus is a unidirectional version and provides only a single master on the bus, which will be used graphics adapter... The monitor continues to function as a slave on a standard 7-bit I2C bus, addressing 50h and providing up to 256 bytes of EDID ROM. For the reason that this access is exclusively read, the first I2C will always be A1h.

E-DDC

The pinout of the VGA connector of the E-DDC format has shown itself to be the most efficient version of this connector, while it is the latest among all existing ones. It was first introduced in 1999 and was characterized by the fact that the information about the display was stored in the device's memory, the volume of which was approximately 32 KB. It is worth noting the fact that in 2007, the E-DDC version was also approved, which provided support for standards such as DisplayID and DisplayPort.

Pinout 9-pin connector

The pinout of the 9-pin VGA connector is as follows:

• Red video line.
• Green video line.
• Blue video line.
• Horizontal sync wire.
• Vertical sync wire.
• Red common wire.
• Blue common wire.
• Green common wire.
• Common sync wire.

It is worth noting that if a standard VGA connector is considered, the pinout will be slightly different, since there are 15 pins provided.

How to make an extension cord?

It often happens that enough needs to be done long cable with a VGA connector that will integrate equipment, for example, in different rooms.

Of course, you can just take and buy a long cable VGA-VGA connector, the pinout of which allows you to have the length you need, but in fact, the first thing that does not speak in favor of such a solution is its cost. For such a ready-made cable, the length of which is 15 meters, you will have to pay at least $ 20, depending on the quality of the performance, not to mention how much the cable will cost you, the length of which is even longer than the above.

The second problem, which relates to rooms where the final repairs have already been made, is that the only best option to stretch the cable is to run it behind the skirting board. In this case, in fact, you need to understand that the factory cable can be quite thick, in addition, it is also equipped with specialized thick ferrite rings, and therefore it turns out to be impossible to lay it behind the skirting board. If you need to pull the cable through the wall into the next room, then you will need to make a hole, the diameter of which will correspond to the width of the D-sub 15pin connector. In a more understandable language, it is unlikely that anyone will be interested in the VGA-connector unsoldering, for the installation of which you will need to drill a hole with a diameter of about 40 mm.

We do it ourselves

Thus, there are two factors that represent the main disadvantages of using a ready-made cable - these are its cost, as well as dimensions. It is for this reason that a completely self-wired VGA connector is a much more suitable option.

In this case, we will broadcast the signal to this format from the computer to the monitor through a shielded pair of 5/6 categories, since this decision is a much cheaper and more efficient option. In this case, FTP Cat.5e will be used, which is not equipped with active transceivers. The cost in this case will be about $ 0.30 per meter, and therefore for a full cable 15 meters long you will need to spend no more than $ 4.5, which, of course, is an order of magnitude less compared to $ 20, and if we talk about even longer, then in this case the cost will ultimately vary even more.

Of course, the 13 out of 15 pins VGA interface provides for analogue component video transmission, while the horizontal and vertical sync signals, as well as other service information and control signals, will be of much poorer quality. At the same time, shielded twisted pair FTP Cat.5e provides only 8 conductors, but this is quite enough to transfer video data to the monitor from a computer.

Making it easier

The best option is to use a VGA-RJ45 adapter without soldering, since in this case it will be enough to compress the ends of the twisted pair with a shielded modular connector. If you have no desire to start soldering, then a pair of such adapters will cost you no more than $ 5. If you want to save money, or maybe you do not have the opportunity to find such an adapter at the moment, then in this case, you have only one option - to solder.

Thus, you yourself can choose exactly how it is more convenient for you to act and how to make such an extension cord for yourself. If necessary, soldering of any types of adapters can also be carried out, one of the most popular among which is the adapter for the "tulip".

IN modern world it is already impossible to imagine life without computer technology. Each person has a smartphone in his hands, almost everyone at home has a TV, as well as a computer. All of them improve a person's life to one degree or another. But for their correct operation, at least basic knowledge of computer technologies is required, in particular, knowledge of computer interfaces is important.

One of the most important and necessary interfaces for desktop or, as they are also called, personal computers is the vga connector, since most of the current monitors (TVs) are connected via it, whether they are old monitors or modern monitors with full resolution HD. It is important to remember this, since the most modern monitors (TVs) with a resolution higher than 1920x1080 are already abandoning this connector. This particular video transmission interface we will consider today.

VGA stands for "video graphics array". The first iteration of the VGA connector appeared back in 1987. Then she really could not transmit a picture and transmitted no more than 256 colors. But the modern version has much more possibilities. It is commonly referred to as a 15-pin vga connector or a 15-pin d-sub connector.

It is worth mentioning where the vga connector is found for a complete understanding of why it is needed. First, these are monitors. In vga monitors so far, the most important connector. Secondly, on TVs. In TVs, vga is the very connector that helps to connect various players, receivers, set-top boxes and so on to it. In addition to various types of monitors, vga is present on almost all equipment that needs to transmit a video signal.

Pinout

After a long introduction let's move on to the description of the pinout scheme vga connector. As mentioned earlier, it consists of 15 contacts. Let's study each contact in detail and what it is responsible for. The channels are counted from right to left, from top to bottom.

• The first contact is the red video channel. He is responsible for the transmission of red spectrum video.
• The second contact is the green video channel. Such a channel is responsible for the transmission of green spectrum video.
• The third contact is the blue video channel. This channel is responsible for the transmission of blue spectrum video.
• The fourth pin is the second bit of the monitor ID. For communication with the monitor, it is assigned a three-digit numerical value. This contact is responsible for the second digit in this number.
• The fifth pin is common ground. Serves to create the correct contour of the electrical circuit.
• The sixth contact is the ground of the red channel.
• The seventh contact is the ground of the green channel.
• The eighth contact is the ground of the blue channel. All three last contacts also serve to create the correct circuit of the electrical circuit.
• The ninth contact is nutrition. Power is required for the E-DDC to work. E-DDC is a system designed to communicate between a computer and a monitor. More precisely, to define the model, technical characteristics, the name of the monitor you are using.
• The tenth contact is another ground.
• The eleventh pin is the zero bit of the monitor identification. Zero digit from the three-digit monitor ID.
• The twelfth pin is the first bit of the monitor ID. The first digit of the three-digit monitor ID.
• The thirteenth contact is horizontal sync. Horizontal synchronization serves to preserve the integrity of the transmitted image in the horizontal plane.
• The fourteenth contact is vertical sync. The same, but here the integrity is maintained in the vertical plane.
• And the last, fifteenth contact is the third bit of the monitor identifier. The third digit of the number used to identify the monitor.

Sometimes, when talking about the pinout of any connectors, you can also catch a glimpse of the monitor wiring. But don't worry pinout and pinout of the connector are one and the same.

Characteristics

Let's move on to d-sub connector specifications:

EDDC

As mentioned above, the d-sub cable uses a certain technology called EDDC, which stands for Enhanced display data channel. This the technology is designed for two-way communication computer, more precisely, a video adapter with a monitor. In the description of the d-sub pinout, a binary number was mentioned. This very number is the key to internal memory monitor and it is transmitted to the computer for reading necessary information from the internal memory of the monitor. And the communication itself is necessary for more accurate monitor settings for better performance and picture quality.

Also important information is that d-sub is analog technology, so it carries analog signal... Hence it follows that the quality of such a signal directly depends on the quality of the cable itself and the wiring... The quality of the cable depends on the thickness of the cable, on the quality of the insulation, on the length of the cable and the quality of the conductor used. From this it should be concluded that truly high-quality d-sub cables cannot be cheap, because they are expensive to manufacture.

In conclusion, the fifteen-pin d-sub is a common analog signal-carrying connector found in almost all computer technology today. Its specifications are acceptable to most of the audience. The biggest nuance is that this technology is already quite old and almost outdated. It is being replaced by new connectors that carry a digital signal instead of an analog signal.

Used for laptops. The image and below table are the newer 15-pin VGA VESA DDC2 connector pinout.

VGA DDC2 connector pinout:

Note: Direction is Computer relative Monitor. All VGA pinout signals except R, G, B are TTL level signals.

The basic VGA display modes of 80x25 character mode and 640x480 in graphics mode are still supported by all modern graphic cards, independent of the extended modes supported by these cards.

VGA video specifications are:

• 256 KB Video RAM.
• 16-color and 256-color modes
• 262,144-value color palette (six bits each for red, green, and blue)
• Selectable 25.175 MHz or 28.322 MHz master clock
• Maximum of 800 horizontal pixels
• Maximum of 600 lines (Interlaced)
• Refresh rates at up to 70 Hz
• Vertical blank interrupt
• Planar mode: up to 16 colors (4 bit planes)
• Packed-pixel mode: 256 colors (Mode 13h)
• Hardware smooth scrolling support
• Some Raster Ops support
• Barrel shifter
• Split screen support
• 0.7 V peak-to-peak
• 75 ohm double-terminated impedance (18.7 mA - 13 mW)

VESA Display Data Channel is a method for integrating digital interface to VGA connector so as to enable the monitor and graphics card to communicate. The first version of the DDC standard was adopted in August 1994. It included the EDID 1.0 format and specified DDC1, DDC2B and DDC2Ab physical links. DDC version 2, introduced in 1996, split EDID into a separate standard and introduced the DDC2B + protocol. DDC version 3, 1997, introduced the DDC2Bi protocol and support for VESA Plug and Display and Flat Panel Display Interface on separate device addresses. The DDC standard has been superseded by E-DDC in 1999. Extended display identification data (EDID) is a companion standard; it defines a compact binary file format describing the monitor "s capabilities and supported graphics modes, stored in a read-only memory (EEPROM) chip programmed by the manufacturer of the monitor.

DDC1 allows the monitor to tell its parameters to the computer. When the VGA graphics card detects data on data-line it starts to read the data coming from the monitor synchronous to vertical sync pulse. Vertical sync pulse frequency can be increased up to 25 KHz for the time of the data transfer if a DDC1 compliant monitor is found (be sure not to send those high frequencies to non DDC1 monitors!).

DDC2 (DDC2B) allows bidirectional communication: monitor can tell its parameters and the computer can adjust monitor settings. The bidirectional data bus is a synchronous data bus similar to Access Bus and is based on I2C technology. The signals in the data bus are standard I2C signals. The computer provides 15 kohm pull-up for the SDA and SCLK lines. Monitor must provide 47 kohm pull-up on SCLK line. DDC2B bus is unidirectional and allows only one bus master - the graphics adapter. The monitor acts as a slave device at the 7-bit I²C address 50h, and provides 128-256 bytes of read-only EDID. Because this access is always a read, the first I²C octet will always be A1h.

E-DDC (Enhanced Display Data Channel) is the most recent revision of the DDC standard. Version 1 was introduced in 1999 and featured up to 32 Kbytes of display information storage for use by the Enhanced EDID (E-EDID) standard. E-DDC Version 1.2, approved in 2007, introduced support for DisplayPort and DisplayID standards

VGA pinout: monitor ID detection pin assignments

This monitor type detection is becoming more and more obsolete nowadays. New VGA plug-and-play monitors communicate with the computer according to VESA DDC standard.

The older VGA pinout with monitor ID is:

GND means connected to ground
n / c means that the pin is not connected anywhere

Most LCD and Plasma TVs have a VGA connector, or as it is also called, D-sub. In addition, it is used to connect system unit and monitor. The abbreviation VGA comes from the name of computer video adapters. VGA connector developed by Canon. At first, it was the smallest in comparison with other similar connectors.

general information

VGA connector: pinout

So, we present to your attention the pinout of such a connector, at the same time we will decipher the purpose of each pin:

1. Red channel - 75 Ohm, 0.7V.

2. Green channel - 75 Ohm, 0.7V.

3. Blue channel -75 Ohm, 0.7V.

4. Second identification bit.

5. Common wire.

6. "Ground" of the red channel.

7. "Ground" of the green channel.

8. "Ground" of the blue channel.

10. Synchronization ground.

11. Zero identification bit.

12. Single identification bit, or DDC data.

13. Composite or line sync.

14. Frame synchronization.

15. DDCs, or third identification bit.

Conclusion

It should be noted that audio information is not transmitted via this type of connection. This can cause additional difficulties in synchronizing audio and video. After all, TVs usually do not have additional audio inputs compatible with the VGA connector. The easiest way to synchronize two signals is to use a separate

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