The computer today is an integral part of our life, because with it we are able to perform various seemingly impossible operations and calculations. However, this invention is a source of electromagnetic radiation, which has a negative effect on the human body.

Computer Features

The computer was created in order to perform many different tasks, the implementation of which was previously considered impossible. The principle of its operation is based on several types of electromagnetic radiation - the process of convergence of electric and magnetic fields of the desired intensity, which as a result forms a field where unlike electric charges interact. It becomes clear what radiation comes from the computer. It has a number of positive characteristics, but it creates an extremely negative effect on the human body.

Today, there is no question of whether there is radiation from a laptop or computer, since scientists have proved negative for the normal functioning of the human body. A working device generates electromagnetic radiation, the frequency range of which varies from 20 Hz to 300 MHz. This type of glow with constant exposure (systematic operation from 2 to 6 hours a day) causes various disturbances in the electromagnetic field of living systems. In humans, this can be manifested by constant headaches, sleep disturbances, deterioration of brain activity, the occurrence of allergic reactions, radiation from a laptop directed to the stomach, which can lead to the development of peptic ulcer or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum

The harmful effects of computer radiation on the human body

Radiation from a computer (radio frequency and low frequency) has a number of consequences of negative effects on the human body, namely:

The carcinogenicity of the above types of radiation several times increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the internal organs of the human body
The risk of developing pathologies of the cardiovascular system increases, the number of diseases of the myocardium and pericardium increases
The general hormonal background of the body is disturbed, water-salt metabolism worsens, homeostasis is destroyed
The potential for the development of bronchial asthma, depressive states, disorders of higher nervous activity increases, there is a risk of Alzheimer's disease, etc.

Electromagnetic radiation from a computer is generated by all parts of this device. A processor, for example, produces low-frequency radiation, which propagates in the surrounding space in the form of electromagnetic waves, disorienting and impairing the functioning of the biomagnetic field of the human body.

When considering the harmful effects of a monitor, one should take into account the fact that the front of the screen produces relatively less harmful radiation, since it is protected by a special coating that blocks the excessive propagation of radiation. The sides and back of the monitor generate much more harmful radiation. However, this fact is understandable, since the manufacturers of screens faced the issue of protecting users of the device in the first place (to the detriment of those who are sitting nearby, unfortunately).

Radiation from a computer (the harm of which has certainly been proven) is also dangerous for the cleanliness of the surrounding air. Heating the processor during operation causes the production of some harmful compounds, which in turn lead to deionization of the surrounding space. Therefore, it becomes clear that in the room where constantly working computers are located, the air becomes difficult to breathe and can even cause the development of certain diseases of the bronchial tree or even bronchial asthma.

Answering the question “is there radiation from the computer?”, The answer will be unambiguously positive. This is due to the combination of different types of radiation that the device generates, which in turn has a detrimental effect on the organ systems of the human body and can provoke the formation of a number of pathologies.

The effect of computer radiation on pregnant women

Pregnancy is a very difficult and crucial stage in the life of every woman. This period requires a lot of effort, because you need to be very careful about the health of the unborn child, protect it from the effects of mutagenic and teratogenic factors. The embryo is very vulnerable to traumatic factors of both endogenous and exogenous origin. External factors include radiation from the computer, since the electromagnetic fields that act through the mother’s body on the unborn child can cause a number of embryonic development disorders that lead to pathologies.

Radiation from a laptop, as already noted, is a source of electromagnetic field generation, which negatively affects people's health and acts as a teratogenic factor in fetal development. The high intensity of its influence causes the risk of developing embryo disorders not only in the early stages, but throughout pregnancy.

Continuous use during pregnancy leads to the formation of a number of pathologies of newborns. Most often this is a delay in development, pathologies of the processes of memory, thinking, attention, diseases associated with higher nervous activity and mental processes. Some scientists argue that the constant and prolonged use of a computer during pregnancy in extreme cases can even lead to the development of congenital dementia (oligophrenia).

Doctors advise against using computers during pregnancy and lactation. However, if it is impossible to completely refuse to work with this device, you need to try to minimize such contact in order to limit the impact of this negative factor on the health of the future baby.

Computer radiation protection

Having figured out what kind of radiation comes from the computer, what consequences for a given organ or the body as a whole this source of negative impact can lead to, it's worth talking about protection. What to do to protect yourself and how to protect yourself from the electromagnetic radiation of a computer?

There are a number of tips, following which you can reduce the negative impact or even neutralize some of the consequences of such an interaction. This is for example:

If several computers or laptops are constantly in the same room (for example, a classroom, office), they need to be positioned so that the devices stand around the perimeter of the room, and the center remains free;
If possible, monitors should be used, on which special protective equipment is installed, which reduce the amount and intensity of electromagnetic radiation, which affects the user. This advice is especially relevant when using a computer by children who spend a lot of time behind the device, with their heads bowed to it;
When choosing a monitor, you should pay attention to its expansion, the level of protection and the amount of radiation. Preference should be given to screens with the inscription Low Radiain, which means a minimum amount of radiation;
It is necessary to turn off the computer after the end of work, as the longer it works, the more radiation it generates and releases a huge amount of harmful substances into the environment, given the air;
Using a special protective film will reduce the intensity of electromagnetic radiation generation and the amount of harmful effects on the user's body.
Systematic dusting, wet cleaning and the use of ionizers if possible will improve the quality of the inhaled air, which is affected by the substances obtained as a result of the computer, and also reduce the influence of harmful factors of electromagnetic radiation on the human body;
In order for the radiation on the sides and behind the monitor not to affect people who are in the same room with the computer, but do not use it, the optimal location is this device in the corner of the room. It should also be taken into account that the monitor should be in a position comfortable for the eyes (but not less than 40 cm), and the system unit should be located as far away as possible from the user.

Radiation from a computer is a side effect during the operation of this device, and can lead to the development of pathological processes or diseases in the human body. Therefore, in the absence of an emergency, you need to reduce the time you use your computer, and in the case when it is impossible to do this, you should follow the tips to make such work as safe as possible.

The question of the negative impact of a computer on a person remains open, given the fact that no more than six months ago the Ministry of Health is officially allowed to monitor up to 8 hours a day. Many business owners today specially invite entire commissions of doctors to their offices to demonstrate to them the “wonderful” working conditions of their employees. And get permission to increase the hours that employees can spend at the computer. However, traditionally the influence of a computer on the health and psyche of a person, and even more so a child, can be considered detrimental if he spends more than 4 hours a day behind the machine.

What is fraught with prolonged work at the computer?

There is an opinion that the computer has an effect on almost all organs of the body, including the human brain, heart, thyroid gland, skin, etc. Is it really that serious?

Experts say that a modern PC is no more dangerous to health than any other household appliance. Provided that the person does not abuse the amount of time spent behind the machine. However, if you sit at the computer day and night, you can get serious health troubles.

Muscle problems. A prolonged sitting position negatively affects the blood circulation in the body. Especially poorly it enters the legs and pelvic section, which over time can lead to damage to the walls of blood vessels and their expansion. From this, for example, troubles such as hemorrhoids arise.
The direct influence of the computer on the spine is not revealed today. But all the same sitting position sooner or later will lead to back pain, curvature of the spine.
Vision problems. The eyes of a person who stares at the monitor for several hours a day are in constant tension. If at some point you notice that your eyes are watery, the clarity of the image disappears, then a possible cause may be asthenopic syndrome, or, otherwise, visual fatigue syndrome. This is a very common disease among PC operators. The effect of the computer on vision is extremely negative.
Attention disorder and mental fatigue in the process of finding information on a computer occur much faster than when working with other sources of information.
The effect of the computer on the nervous system. A PC is a technique that can fail, break down, slow down ... If, due to the fact that the site does not load for 5 seconds, but 20, a person starts yelling at colleagues, throwing objects, or otherwise display aggression - the face is nervous overwork and severe fatigue. Chronic stress is a faithful companion to office employees who live in constant time pressure.
The effects of computers on potency, the occurrence of cancerous tumors and cardiovascular diseases are currently under study. Only one thing is clear so far: electromagnetic radiation, the level of which is higher on a computer than on any other household appliance, does not pass for a person for nothing.

Stress, physical inactivity, being indoors with air conditioning - all this in the most negative way affects the human body. All rhythms worsen, starting with the cardiovascular system and ending with the skin condition. The impact of the computer on human health does not appear immediately, but it has very serious consequences. To avoid troubles, it is worthwhile to clearly regulate the time of work on the PC, do not forget to take breaks in work and work gymnastics. By incorporating a gym and daily walks in the fresh air into your life, you can largely repay the negative impact of the computer on your physical and mental health.

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Introduction

No one, perhaps, will dispute the fact that for many people the computer has become an important and indispensable part of the lifestyle. Currently, no area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity is complete without the use of computer technology. A computer helps a person in solving many problems, facilitates work, opens up new horizons for thought and action, provides new opportunities. But do not forget that there is a flip side to the coin. Long work at the computer negatively affects many functions of our body: nervous activity, endocrine, immune and reproductive systems, on the person’s vision and musculoskeletal system, etc. What can this mean for a simple person? Anything! From blurred vision to varicose veins in the legs. So what to do? How to avoid the harmful effects of a computer on the body? Possible deterioration of well-being of PC operators is the subject of research programs of scientific and medical institutions in many countries of the world, including Russia.

My work is devoted to the study of the impact of computers on human health. This topic is very relevant in that it is impossible to imagine modern life without a computer. If you ask any person which of the inventions is the most important, then we will hear a computer. Without a computer, there would be no Internet, cell phones, modern cars. I decided to find out the role of the computer in human health. For this, I conducted an experiment.

Objective: to study the effect of computers on human health.

Tasks of work:

Study the literature on this subject.

Consider the role of PC in human health.

Using experiments and experiments to prove the harm of a computer to human health.

Hypothesis:Computer is one of the most important inventions of mankind. If a person stops working on a computer, then health will change dramatically.

Scientific and practical significance:By exploring this problem, we will learn more about the effects of computers on human health.

Object of study:Human health.

Subject of study:Computer radiation.

Chapter 1. Literature review

Computerization issues, the impact of computers on human health are one of the important problems of our time. The computer, although it makes life easier for a person, but at the same time can cause serious dependence. Plunging into the virtual world, a person as if fenced off from reality, ceases to be interested in others. And especially vulnerable in this regard are children and adolescents who have not yet formed as individuals and are easily susceptible to harmful influence. Moreover, the computer world is so tempting, colorful and fashionable. A computer affects all the biological characteristics of the human body, and first of all, its physical and mental health. The 20th century has given rise to many “technical wonders,” including a computer with its many capabilities, including world information and the Internet. The benefits or harms of these inventions can be argued endlessly, because every phenomenon or event has its positive and negative sides. Undoubtedly, a computer replaces teens with friends, school, and even parents.

The main harmful factors when working at a computer include: a sitting position for a long time, exposure to electromagnetic radiation from the monitor, eye strain, overload of the joints of the hands, impaired normal pregnancy, stresses of various origins, respiratory diseases, allergies 1.

1.1.1. Sitting position for a long time. It would seem that a person sits at a computer in a relaxed position, but it is forced and unpleasant for the body: the neck, muscles of the head, arms and shoulders are strained, hence osteochondrosis, and in children - scoliosis. For those who sit a lot, a heat compress forms between the seat of the chair and the body, which leads to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs, as a result - prostatitis and hemorrhoids. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle often leads to obesity.

Osteochondrosis is a disease in which the destruction of the intervertebral discs occurs, which can lead to a herniated disc (protruding it in either direction). A disc hernia can damage both the spinal cord and the nerve processes from it emanating from it. The consequences of such injuries can be very different: from pain in the back, limbs and internal organs, to paralysis of the limbs and death. Osteochondrosis can begin to develop both in youth and later in life, although it affects older people more often. One of the main reasons for the development of osteochondrosis is insufficient nutrition of the intervertebral discs, this can be caused by various reasons, but the main one is dystrophy of the back muscles, with the help of which the metabolism in the discs is carried out. Thus, a person leading a mostly sedentary lifestyle, and not strengthening the back muscles, may already have osteochondrosis. Signs of the presence of this disease can be: there were either a feeling of discomfort in the back, pain in the head, limbs or a malfunction of the internal organs.

Another formidable complication during prolonged work at the computer is obesity 2. Obesity has become a serious problem for residents of developed countries. Being overweight causes many diseases. Obesity appears due to metabolic disorders (weakening or slowing down). The main causes of obesity: poor nutrition; lack of mobility, low physical activity; inadequate response to stressful situations; excessively long sleep, daytime sleep; the use of hormonal drugs.

The main effect of obesity comes down to overloading our body with dietary fats. In this case, the following changes occur: in the liver - progressive damage to hepatocytes, and this, in turn, leads to steatosis, the formation of gallstones; in erythrocytes and leukocytes, the activity of Na - K - ATPase decreases and defects in the exchange, transport and other functions occur; the pumping function of the heart decreases due to a change in its position in the chest and an increase in load (a change in the configuration and position of the heart in the chest cavity occurs as a result of the accumulation of adipose tissue in the epicardium, fatty infiltration of its cells and high standing of the diaphragm; an increase in the load on the heart is associated with an increase plasma volume, increased venous return and cardiac output). In addition, with a violation of the metabolism of fats, the content of exogenous cholesterol in the blood increases, as a result of which it is deposited on the walls of blood vessels, which ultimately leads to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis. The increased accumulation of fat inside the chest cavity, in addition to affecting the heart, also affects the function of the organs of external respiration, which leads to shortness of breath and increasing hypoxia of organs and tissues.

1.1.2. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Modern monitors have become safer for health, but not yet completely. And if your desk has a very old monitor, you better stay away from it. Currently, practically nothing is known about the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, and we have been sitting at computers for twenty years now. However, some work and research in this area determine possible risk factors, for example, it is believed that electromagnetic radiation can cause disorders of the nervous system, decreased immunity, disorders of the cardiovascular system and abnormalities during pregnancy and, accordingly, harmful effects on the fetus.

During operation, the computer forms an electrostatic field around itself, which deionizes the environment, and when the circuit board is heated, the monitor body emits harmful substances into the air. All this makes the air very dry, weakly ionized, with a specific smell and generally "heavy" for breathing. Naturally, such air cannot be useful for the body and can lead to allergic diseases, respiratory diseases and other disorders.

1.1.3. Overload of the joints of the hands. The nerve endings of the fingertips are broken, as it were, from constant blows to the keys, numbness, weakness occur, goosebumps run in the pillows. This can lead to damage to the articular and ligamentous apparatus of the hand, and in the future, diseases of the hand can become chronic. To work with a computer, a mouse and keyboard are mainly used, however, these devices force a person to make thousands of uniform movements, which, together with the constant tension of the muscles of the hand, leads to pinching of the nerve in the carpal tunnel and, subsequently, to wrist pain. In addition, like other electrical appliances, the mouse and keyboard emit electromagnetic radiation, and in this case the distance between the radiation source and the object (hand) is minimal, and although not much is known about the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, nevertheless, this may be the reason for what either disorders.

After several hours of working on the computer, did you feel tingling, numbness, or even trembling in the fingers of your hands or pain in the wrists, especially of the right hand, which you did not release while holding the mouse? These are all symptoms of the so-called carpal tunnel syndrome. Its medical name is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS); often also use the name "carpal tunnel syndrome" (SZK).

The reasons for the development of this disease are a genetic predisposition and diseases of the joints, metabolic disorders and hormonal changes, trauma to the hand and forearm. But the main reason is a prolonged monotonous malfunction of the hands and fingers. CCC affects people of various professions. Draftsmen, secretaries, musicians, drivers, conveyor production workers - this is not a complete list of professions that predispose to the CCC. One hundred and two hundred years ago carpal tunnel syndrome was an occupational disease of clerks who copied various papers from morning till night. And nowadays, PC users suffer greatly from it, for many hours they make monotonous small movements with their hands, moving the mouse or typing on the keyboard.

1.1.4. Vision Impact. Eyes register the smallest vibration of text or pictures, and even more so the flickering of the screen. Due to the fact that the monitor is at close range, the muscles of the eye that control the lens are in constant tension. Eye strain leads to loss of visual acuity. The poor selection of colors, fonts, window layouts in the programs you use, and the wrong screen layout affect vision.

The human visual system is poorly adapted to viewing images on a monitor screen. The essence of work on a computer is to enter or read text, draw or study the details of a drawing. And this is a huge strain on the eyes, because the image on the display screen is not composed of continuous lines, as on paper, but of individual points, which are also luminous and flickering. As a result, working on a computer seriously overloads our eyes. If, in addition, the monitor is of poor quality and the interface of the programs used is unsuccessful, then the consequences will not be long in coming. The user's eyesight worsens, eyes begin to watery, a headache, fatigue, double vision appear. This phenomenon is called "computer visual syndrome."

1.1.5. Work on the computer and related types of stress. Stress occurs mainly when information is lost. Not all users regularly make backup copies of their information. But viruses do not doze off, and winchesters of the best companies sometimes break, and the most experienced programmer can sometimes press the wrong button. As a result of such stress, heart attacks also occurred. You turn on the computer, and on the screen instead of the usual boot procedure - "Disk C: not found" or "Boot sector is failure". And you already forgot when and where you duplicated your information. Your condition at this point, psychologists call "acute stress."

What is stress? Translated from English stress - pressure, pressure, tension. Psychologists also use the term distress (distress (English) - grief, unhappiness, malaise, exhaustion, need), which means, in simple terms, a strong stress of an unpleasant orientation. Without going into scientific and terminological subtleties, we understand stress as strong emotional experiences, internal tension caused by some events in your life.

Stresses are divided into: emotionally positive and emotionally negative; short-term and long-term or, in other words, acute and chronic; physiological and psychological. The latter, in turn, are divided into informational and emotional. Factors causing stress (psychologists call them stressors) are very diverse and numerous. Especially often stressful situations arise in residents of large cities. Working on a computer adds a number of stressors specific to it to our lives. With all the variety of experiences and shock situations that occur in our lives, the body's reaction to any stress is essentially the same. In the body, biochemical processes developed many centuries ago are launched, the purpose of which is to cope with an extreme situation. Health and psychological effects. No wonder they say: "All diseases are from nerves (and only one is from pleasure)." Shock situations, experiences cause significant changes in the body, mostly negative.

1.1.6. Computer work and respiratory diseases. Respiratory diseases that develop due to long-term work with a computer are mainly allergic. This is due to the fact that during a long operation of the computer, the monitor body and the boards in the system unit heat up and release harmful substances into the air, especially if the computer is new. In addition to the emission of harmful substances, the computer creates an electrostatic field around itself that attracts dust and, accordingly, it settles in your lungs, while a working computer deionizes the environment and reduces air humidity. Each of these factors adversely affects both the lungs and the whole organism.

1.1.7. Computer and allergies. Allergy is an increased sensitivity of the body to various substances, manifested by unusual reactions in contact with them. The immune system, as a result of unbalancing its functions, begins to respond to the most common substances as dangerous, triggering the corresponding protective processes. Hence, allergy symptoms such as rhinitis (runny nose), tearing, skin rash. In fact, a computer is a pretty serious source of a number of allergens. Have you ever worked on a new computer you just bought? Surely you remember the specific smell emanating from it. The results of a study by Swedish scientists are widely known, which found that the monitor body, heating up to 50-55 degrees Celsius during normal operation, begins to release triphenyl phosphate vapors into the air. But not only the monitor is heating up, but also the power supply, and the processor, and behind it the motherboard and the video card. And all of them contain various resins, fluorine, chlorine, phosphorus-containing organic and inorganic compounds, which, when heated, can be released into the air.

Another source of allergens is the printer, or rather, the powder (or ink) with which the actual printing takes place. Remember the smell that comes from a freshly printed sheet.

In addition, in the computer and around it there are many places where dust and dirt accumulate, microbes and fungi multiply. Keyboard and mouse, mouse pad ... And open the system unit of the computer, which worked for a year or two - there is dust ... In addition, the dust receives an electric charge from the monitor screen, although weak, but enough to start sticking to your face and settle in the airways.

Manifestations of an allergy to “computer” allergens are quite typical — allergic rhinitis (runny nose without an increase in body temperature), cough, ocular (tearing, redness of the eyes, swelling of the eyelids, “sand in the eyes”) and skin (itching, rash, dry skin) reactions.

Allergy in itself is a very unpleasant condition. Severe runny nose, swelling, red itchy eyes ... Many allergy sufferers cannot even go outside - it gets worse there, they close all windows and sit at home for several weeks. With allergies, fatigue increases, irritability increases, and immunity decreases. Allergies can provoke diseases such as eczema, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness, bronchial asthma. The most serious possible manifestation of an allergy is anaphylactic shock: shortness of breath, cramps, loss of consciousness, a significant decrease in blood pressure, up to death. Fortunately, anaphylactic shock as an allergic reaction to airborne allergens is extremely rare, more often it can be caused by the introduction of certain drugs, insect bites, and less commonly food allergens.

1.2. Prevention of possible diseases when working with a computer

1.2.1. Prevention of diseases of the spine.

For the prevention of the above diseases, it is necessary to arrange a place at the computer as ergonomically as possible, to change your posture or get up from the computer as often as possible, and, of course, to do gymnastics, exercise, and develop back muscles in every possible way.

Ergonomic workplace.

While at the computer, the most optimal is the position of the body in which: the back and neck are straight, the legs are on the floor at a right bend angle at the knees, the bend angle at the elbows is the same straight line (90 degrees). To do this:

1. Place the monitor right in front of you, and so that its top point is directly in front of your eyes or higher. (This will keep your head straight, and exclude the development of cervical osteochondrosis).

2. The chair on which you are sitting should have a back and armrests, as well as a height at which your legs can firmly stand on the floor. In the event that people of different height work at the same computer, it is advisable to purchase a chair with adjustable height. (The back will allow you to keep your back straight, the armrests will allow your hands to rest, the correct position of the legs will not interfere with blood circulation in them.)

3. The location of other frequently used things, if possible, should not lead to a long stay in any curved posture, and should not lead to tilts to the side, especially for lifting heavy objects (it is with such a tilt that the greatest chance of damage to the intervertebral disc)

Physiotherapy.

There are many exercises for developing back muscles, mainly tilting in different directions. Very useful swimming and horizontal bar exercises. In the event that you work in the office, try to go for tea more often, stretch and generally, make as many movements as possible, even without the need.

The problem of treating obesity is an acute problem for doctors around the world. Safe smooth weight loss, 10-15% of the original for 6-8 months. This pace of weight loss will not lead to repeated weight gain and harm to health.

The fight against excess weight should include: normalization of nutrition or even diet; the most courageous can try fasting; increased physical activity; special sets of exercises; lifestyle changes, abandonment of bad habits; if possible, correction of the treatment (replacing the hormones used with more suitable for you).

Only a set of these measures will allow you to lose weight without harming your health, look great and feel great.

1.2.2. Protection against electromagnetic radiation.

1. If possible, it is worth buying a liquid crystal monitor, because its radiation is much less than that of common CRT monitors (a monitor with a cathode ray tube).

2. When buying a monitor, you must pay attention to the availability of a certificate.

3. The system unit and monitor should be as far away from you as possible.

4. Do not leave the computer turned on for a long time if you do not use it, although this will accelerate the wear and tear of the computer, but health is more beneficial. Also, do not forget to use "sleep mode" for the monitor.

5. Due to the fact that the electromagnetic radiation from the walls of the monitor is much larger, try to put the monitor in a corner so that the radiation is absorbed by the walls. Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of monitors in offices.

6. If possible, reduce the time spent working at the computer and interrupt work more often.

7. The computer must be grounded. If you purchased a protective shield, it should also be grounded, for this purpose a wire is specially provided on the end of which there is a metal clothespin (do not cling it to the system unit)

1.2.3. Basic rules of vision hygiene

1. A comfortable workplace. It should be sufficiently lit, the light field is evenly distributed over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe working space, the rays of light should not fall directly into the eyes. Equip your computer with a good monitor, configure it correctly, use high-quality programs.

2. Special nutrition for the eyes. Visually impaired people need to use products that strengthen the vessels of the retina: blueberries, black currants, carrots. The myopic diet should contain cod liver, greens: parsley, lettuce, dill, green onions. With retinal dystrophy, dogrose (infusion, decoction), cranberries helps.

3. In addition, there are drugs that can improve vision. Vitamins are useful for the eyes (especially complex multivitamins, in which vitamins are combined with trace elements: zinc, calcium), all blueberry-based preparations. In case of eye diseases, it is worth taking a course of fish oil once a year.

4. Gymnastics for the eyes. There are computer programs that simulate rest for the eyes. It is hard to say how effective they are. Probably, it’s better to really rest for the same 10 minutes than to look at a screen with an imitation of relaxation. Gymnastics for the eyes brings the greatest benefit for prevention and in the first stages of blurred vision. It is advisable to perform the "eye" complex of exercises for those who work at the computer, and those whose eyes are prone to overwork. Gymnastics for the eyes usually takes no more than five minutes.

5. Relieve fatigue, prevent eye diseases help compresses, eye wash with black and green tea, warm lotions on closed eyes from a decoction of chamomile.

6. You need to protect your eyes from ultraviolet exposure to sunlight.

1.2.4. Hand disease prevention measures.

The main task in the treatment of tunnel syndrome is to achieve decompression (pressure reduction) of the contents of the anatomical channel in which the nerve was compressed. In the early stages of the disease, this is achieved by therapeutic methods. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary - dissection of the fibrous canal, revision of the nerve. The operation is not dangerous and effective, in most cases leading to the full restoration of the function of the damaged nerve.

But it’s better, of course, not to bring it to this. In order for prolonged work on the computer not to lead to carpal tunnel syndrome, it is enough to follow simple recommendations for organizing your workplace and working hours, take short breaks every hour, during which perform several exercises for the hands. The correct position of the hands:

1 . When working with the keyboard, the angle of bend of the arm at the elbow should be straight (90 degrees)

2. When working with the mouse, the brush should be straight, and lie on the table as far from the edge as possible.

3. A chair or chair should be with armrests, the presence of a special bulge for the wrist (mouse pad, a special-shaped keyboard or computer table with such bulges) is also desirable.

Hand exercises.

The more often you interrupt to perform exercises, the more they will bring benefits.

1. Shake your hands.

2. Clench your fingers into fists (~ 10 times)

3. Rotate your fists around its axis.

Introduction

The second half of the 20th century is the time of global computerization of human society. The receipt, storage, processing and transmission of information occurs hundreds and thousands of times faster than a person would do using conventional means of communication.

For its relatively short existence, the computer has already managed to take a place in many areas of human life, it is no longer replaceable at work, helps children in their studies, and, of course, is one of their favorite pastimes. With the advent of the Internet, it has also become the best way to search for information, business communication, leisure, etc. in general, it is already difficult for some people to imagine life without a computer. However, in addition to the many advantages that a computer brings to a person, one should not forget about its effect on health.

Children began to spend less time on the street, play outdoor games less, Internet users began to communicate less personally, preferring chats, mail, ICQ, etc. Thus, the computer became a two-faced Janus; on the one hand, he tied a person to himself, on the other, he became the source of many diseases related to the spine, respiratory system, eyesight and many other disorders of the body, and this despite the fact that the effect of electromagnetic radiation and insufficient air ionization on the body has not been thoroughly studied. and many other factors, and although a person has not been familiar with computers for so many years, professional computer diseases have already begun to take shape, this is primarily osteochondrosis, and tunnel syndrome, and visual wow disorders. The computerization problem has two components. The first is determined by the physiological characteristics of a person working at a computer. The second - the technical parameters of computerization tools. These components - “human” and “technical” - are closely intertwined and interdependent. The study of such problems is the subject of ergonomics, the science of human interaction, the main purpose of which is to create a perfect and safe technique, as much as possible oriented to the person, organization of the workplace, and labor prevention. In connection with this situation in society, government bodies and trade unions in many countries began to develop various norms, certificates and rules in order to somehow reduce the detrimental effect of a computer on a person.

1. The effect of computers on human health.

A computer is as safe as any other household appliance. But, as is the case with other household appliances, there are potential health risks associated with its use. Considering the impact of computers on health, we note several risk factors.

These include:

problems associated with electromagnetic radiation;

vision problems;

problems associated with muscles and joints;

problems of insomnia, stress, nervous disorders;

respiratory problems.

In each of these cases, the degree of risk is directly proportional to the time spent at and around the computer.

The effect of electromagnetic radiation.

Each device that produces or consumes electricity generates electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is concentrated around the device in the form of an electromagnetic field. Some appliances, such as a toaster or refrigerator, produce very low levels of electromagnetic radiation. Other devices (high-voltage lines, microwaves. Furnaces, televisions, computer monitors) create much higher levels of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation cannot be seen, heard, sniffed, tasted or touched, but nonetheless it is present everywhere.
As for the effect on the human body of electromagnetic radiation of lower frequencies - radiation of a very low frequency and ultra-low frequency created by computers and other household electrical appliances, here scientists and consumer advocates have not yet come to a consensus. However, some work and research in this area determine possible risk factors, for example, it is believed that electromagnetic radiation can cause disorders of the nervous system, decreased immunity, disorders of the cardiovascular system and abnormalities during pregnancy and, accordingly, harmful effects on the fetus. According to the Russian Center for Electromagnetic Safety, for women working from 2 to 6 hours a day, functional disorders of the nervous system are recorded on average 4.6 times more often than in the control group. According to American scientists, women who work more than 20 hours a week have twice as many miscarriages in monitors in the first three months of pregnancy as women in other jobs. According to Swedish researchers, female PC users have miscarriages 1.5 times more often, and giving birth to children with congenital malformations is 2.5 times more. Research in this area, tested in recent years, has only increased concern and posed new questions that remain unanswered. Like all appliances consuming electricity, a computer emits electromagnetic radiation, and from household appliances, a PC can be compared only with a microwave oven or a television, but we don’t spend a lot of time in close proximity to them, and electromagnetic radiation has less impact with increasing distance from the source to the object. Thus, the computer is the most dangerous source of electromagnetic radiation.

COMPUTER AND VISION.

If the question of the effect of electromagnetic fields on health is still debatable, then certainly the computer affects the vision negatively. In any case, when children or adults are busy with work related to eye strain, their eyes get tired. This problem is well known to a car enthusiast who has been on the road for a long time, or to any reader who has spent hours on his books. The muscles that control the eyes and focus them on a specific subject, just get tired of excessive load. Potential eye fatigue exists in any work in which vision is involved, but it is greatest when you need to examine an object at close range. The problem is even greater if such activity is associated with the use of high-brightness devices, such as a computer monitor.

Children often get tired especially because their eyes and the muscles that control them have not yet become stronger. Excessive reading, unlimited time sitting in front of a TV or computer require serious strain from young eyes. Most often, fatigue of vision leads to the fact that children become lethargic and irritable. As each parent can confirm, these consequences do not necessarily arise only when working at a computer. When children overdo it in any activity, they often become irritable. If your child is more excited than usual, and there is no other obvious reason for this, then this may well be caused by his prolonged stay at the computer. Excessive enthusiasm for working at a computer can also exacerbate existing vision problems. Many children suffer from minor visual impairment, which can be regarded as a “nuisance". Over time, vision correction will be required here, but medical intervention may be avoided until reaching adolescence or adulthood. But if the children are so passionate about the computer that they spend all their free time at the keyboard, then this “nuisance” can develop into something more that will require correction at an early age. And some ophthalmologists express concern that excessive computer enthusiasm at an early age can have a negative effect on the muscles that control the eyes, making it very difficult for a child to concentrate his vision on a particular subject, especially in activities such as reading. If this happens, the problem of vision correction will have to be solved with the help of glasses. Fortunately, most of these problems can be easily avoided. If, despite these precautions, your child complains of a headache, if his eyes become inflamed and itchy, or if he suddenly has difficulty reading or other school activities, then you need to show him to an ophthalmologist. Do not forget to inform that you have a computer at home, and tell us how much time a child spends on it. The doctor can prescribe special exercises for the eyes or pick up glasses for the child, designed specifically for working at an average distance, typical for a computer. In connection with the intensive work at the computer, mankind has new diseases that are even more dangerous, like progressive astigmatism. Under the influence of radiation coming from the monitor, the graininess of the image and the non-flatness of the monitor screen, computer technicians observe irreversible changes in the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye. As a result of these changes, the image of the eye system begins to focus not in a circular dot, but in an oval. A visually ill patient observes a change in the shape of objects, blurred edges, and doubling of small images. This disease is not curable, since all operations currently under way correct the imperfection of the optical system of the eye by affecting the cornea, while this disease affects the cornea. In this case, she will not be able to transfer the operation. In the end, this disease leads to blindness - the patient will completely defocus the image, and he sees objects as if through a misted glass.

Diseases associated with muscles and joints.

For people who make a living working on computers, the largest number of health complaints are related to diseases of the muscles and joints. Most often, this is just numbness of the neck, pain in the shoulders and lower back, or tingling in the legs. But there are, however, more serious diseases. Pain in the hands, especially in the right hand, caused by a long work at the computer, got the name tunnel syndrome or carpal tunnel syndrome, and also acquired the status of a professional disease of computer scientists (programmers, typists and people who work mainly on the computer). The cause of the pain is a pinched nerve in the carpal tunnel. Pinching can be caused by swelling of the tendons passing in close proximity to the nerve, as well as swelling of the nerve itself. The reason for the pinched nerve is the constant static load on the same muscles, which can be caused by a large number of uniform movements (for example, when working with the mouse) or an uncomfortable position of the hands, while working with the keyboard, in which the wrist is in constant tension. All this can lead to a constant feeling of pain or discomfort in the hands, weakening and numbness of the hands, especially the palms. It is worth noting that pain in the hands can be caused not only by pinching of the carpal nerve, but also by damage to the spine (osteochondrosis, herniation of the intervertebral discs) in which the nerve leading to the arms from the spinal cord is damaged. The main diseases of the spine that develop as a result of a long stay at the computer are: osteochondrosis and curvature of the spine. If the possibility of developing curvature of the spine is greater at an early age, then osteochondrosis is dangerous for people of all ages, it is also worth noting that the consequences of osteochondrosis are more dangerous than the consequences of various types of curvature of the spine. Spinal curvature (scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis). One of the reasons for the development of curvature of the spine is the failure to maintain proper posture, both when working at the table, and when walking, etc. Thus, a child who does not sit straight at a desk at school and at home at a computer may well acquire a spinal curvature. It should also be noted that curvature of the spine not only makes a person not attractive, but can also lead to disruption of the internal organs, which will subsequently affect his health and ability to work.
In children, such problems rarely occur, yet the most addicted of them do not spend as much time on the computer as adult professionals. However, it still makes sense to monitor the situation of the child, if he has been sitting too long at the computer. Be sure to ensure that the chair the child is sitting on is not too high or too low. (If family members of different sizes use the computer, you can purchase a special office chair, the seat height of which is easily adjustable). Make your child not stoop during classes at the computer. If you develop the habit of sitting upright and looking directly at the computer, then most likely he will be able to avoid problems with muscles and joints in the future.

Stress, insomnia, nervous disorders.

In addition to the fact that long work at the computer negatively affects health, which already affects the psyche, it is also associated with constant irritation, the source of which may be different situations. Probably, there is no such person who has never had a computer hang, with the loss of unsaved information, there were no problems with any programs, etc. Moreover, according to research results, stressful situations associated with a computer, and especially with the Internet, lead to an increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Thus, we get either mental imbalance or alcoholism or all together. Another important factor is neuro-emotional stress in children. It is no secret that communication with a computer, especially with gaming programs, is accompanied by strong nervous tension, since it requires a quick response. Short-term concentration of nervous processes causes obvious fatigue in the child. Working at the computer, he experiences a peculiar, emotional stress. Our studies have shown that even the very expectation of the game is accompanied by a significant increase in the hormone content of the adrenal cortex.

Respiratory diseases.

Respiratory diseases that develop due to long-term work with a computer are mainly allergic. This is due to the fact that during a long operation of the computer, the monitor body and the boards in the system unit heat up and release harmful substances into the air, especially if the computer is new. In addition to the emission of harmful substances, the computer creates an electrostatic field around itself that attracts dust and, accordingly, it settles in your lungs, while a working computer deionizes the environment and reduces air humidity. Each of these factors adversely affects both the lungs and the whole organism.

2. Precautions and disease prevention when working with a computer.

Whether we like it or not, the duration of PC sessions has increased significantly in recent years. It would be naive to assume that this has little effect on the health of users. Moreover, medical statistics for Russia claim that only 20% of computerized workstations meet modern security requirements. Neglecting ergonomic requirements when working with a PC can cause stress, increased fatigue, poor health, decreased visual acuity, and can even lead to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Modern science has developed a number of simple recommendations, the implementation of which will allow you not only to reduce the damage caused to your health, but also significantly increase the efficiency of your work. Ergonomics comes to the rescue of users - a science that studies the influence of working conditions, equipment and work tools on labor productivity and human health. In the computer field, ergonomics is exploring how a person and computer interact with the devices attached to it, as well as ways to organize a workplace. If you want to maintain health and improve well-being while working with a computer, you must follow the rules developed by doctors.

Prevention of diseases of the spine and joints.

For the prevention of the above diseases, it is necessary to arrange a place at the computer as ergonomically as possible, to change the pose or get up from the computer as often as possible, and of course, if possible, do gymnastics and play sports.

Ergonomic workplace, proper hand position.

3. The location of other frequently used things, if possible, should not lead to a long stay in any curved posture, and should not lead to tilting to the side, especially for lifting heavy objects (it is with such a tilt that the greatest chance of damage to the intervertebral disc).

4. When working with the mouse and keyboard, press the keys gently and effortlessly, while typing, put your wrists on a table or a special stand, which will allow you to relax your hands. When working with the mouse, the brush should be straight and lay on the table as far from the edge as possible.

Physiotherapy.

Hand exercise.

The more often you interrupt to perform exercises, the more they will bring benefits.

1. Shake hands.

3. Rotate your fists around its axis.

4. By pressing with one hand on the fingers of the other hand from the side of the palm, as if turning the palm and wrist out.

With these exercises, you will improve blood circulation in the muscles.

Prevention of respiratory diseases.

1. Wet the room as often as possible and ventilate it.

2. To increase humidity, you can put an open container with water. For example: an aquarium with fish (firstly, it increases humidity, secondly, fish soothe nerves), decorative waterfalls (again, increase humidity, and falling water is a natural ionizer of air, although of course there will be no effect like after rain with a thunderstorm) but still).

3. After buying a computer, it is advisable to turn it on and leave it for a few hours in a ventilated area, since the new boards and the new plastic from which the monitor body is made emit a very large amount of harmful substances when heated.

Prevention of nervous disorders.

1. Try to make sure that during operation the computer gives as few glitches as possible and annoys you less. For example: structure the information so that it would be easy to find, often clean the mouse so that the naughty cursor doesn’t infuriate, etc.

2. On the Internet: do not wait a long time for the page to load, look at another time at this time, try to use high-quality access (1 hour with normal connection is better than 2 seconds ...).

3. Interrupt work with the computer as often as possible, spend as much time as possible on the street, smoke not at the computer, but on the balcony or where provided, but as far as possible. This list can be continued for a long time, but the main thing that you should achieve is that working at the computer would be comfortable for you and not cause irritation.

Prevention of diseases of the organs of vision.

1. Monitor requirements:
1.1 Number of colors not less than 256.
1.2 Grain size not more than 0.28 mm
1.3 Frequency of regeneration not less than 75 Hz
1.4 The ability to adjust the brightness and contrast of the image.

2. The monitor should be at least 45 cm from the eyes (arm's length), its top point should be no lower than the direct look (looking directly, you see the top edge of the monitor)

3. Workplace lighting should not cause glare on the monitor screen. At the same time, it should be sufficient to clearly see the other items that you work with.

4. When working simultaneously with a book and a monitor, it is desirable that they are at the same height; for this, purchase a book stand.

5. Wipe the monitor screen often.

6. Naturally, interrupt work as often as possible and let your eyes rest (preferably taking a 10-15 minute break every hour), moreover, if switching from the monitor to the TV will be of little use.

Eye exercises.

1. Squint your eyes for ~ 10 seconds

2. Quickly blink for ~ 5-10 seconds.

3. Make a few circular movements with your eyes.

4. Change focus several times, to do this, first look at some point on the window (if it is very clean, you can stick a small piece of paper) and then into the distance (clouds, a distant house, etc.)

5. To relieve irritation, or to relax the eyes, take a brewed tea bag (already cold), put on your eyes and lie down for ~ 10 minutes.

Protection against electromagnetic radiation.

1. If possible, it is worth buying a liquid crystal monitor, because its radiation is much less than that of common CRT monitors (a monitor with a cathode ray tube).

2. When buying a monitor, you must pay attention to the availability of a certificate.

3. The system unit and monitor should be as far away from you as possible.

6. If possible, reduce the time spent working at the computer and interrupt work more often.

7. The computer must be grounded. If you purchased a protective shield, then it should also be grounded, for this purpose a wire is specially provided on the end of which there is a metal clothespin (do not cling it to the system unit).

Conclusion

From the above it follows that in the world of computerization it is necessary to adhere to measures aimed at organizing a safe environment for people working with a computer. And since computer technology is developing especially rapidly today, various technical solutions and standards also quickly become obsolete and die. What was relevant yesterday and corresponded to safety standards for humans, today these standards are imperfect. For example: flickering and jittering of the screen and image, a sharp drop in contrast with external illumination is observed when working on displays with vacuum tubes, they were replaced by the most suitable flat plasma, electroluminescent and the latest liquid crystal screens. Electroluminescent screens require high voltages. More suitable are LCD monitors. According to the forecasts of various economic and sociological organizations, computer technology and telecommunications will remain one of the most developing sectors of the world industry for at least another 10-15 years. So, we won’t have to wait for a decrease in this number, on the contrary, generalized computerization, today more and more captures us. In such a race, where there is nothing permanent, it is difficult to give any recommendations and set standards. Therefore, until the computer boom subsides, ergonomics and ergonomists will face new challenges regarding the organization of safe and comfortable conditions for people working with computers. Currently, many companies involved in the production of computers are concerned about the problem of computer-related diseases. They are developing new tools to reduce the risk of disease (such tools include, for example, a protective screen, which is currently mounted directly on the display), at least at the present time these tools remain imperfect. But even the most ergonomic equipment in the world will not help us avoid diseases if used incorrectly. Following simple tips on ergonomic organization of the workplace, the further development of diseases can be prevented.

In conclusion, it should be noted that when working with a computer, you need to monitor your health, and human health depends primarily on him.

1. Introduction.

2. The effect of computers on human health:

a) the effect of electromagnetic radiation

b) computer and vision

c) diseases associated with muscles and joints

d) stress, insomnia, nervous disorders

e) respiratory diseases

3. Precautions and disease prevention when working with a computer.

4. Conclusion.

5. Sources used in preparing the essay.

6. Appendix (questionnaire and conclusions).

Bibliography.

1. T. Bogatova, I. Laprun “Computer and health - is it compatible?”

2. O. Timofeev “Computer to health: how to save when working with a PC. Doctor's view

3. M. Ilyitskaya “My friend is my enemy”

4. A. Zakirov, A. Kostenko “New technologies and health”

Application.

As a result of my survey of 100 people on a questionnaire containing the following questions:

1. Do you have a computer?

2. How old are you?

3. What is your gender?

4. What work options do you use on your computer?

5. How often do you work on a computer?

6. How much time do you work on a computer per day?

It was revealed that out of 100 respondents, 51 people have computers, but they know how to work - 75. The age of the respondents is from 14 to 45 years old, of which 37 are women. The options for working on a computer are different: games, typing, preparation of control and essays, using the Internet and others. The surveyed users use all of the above options in their work. Mostly located at the computer daily, on average up to 4 hours.

It follows that the computer has firmly entered our lives, facilitating access to various types of information, business communication and leisure.

Secondary school №1

Life Review

(basics and safety)

A computer is a new reality in our life, and a man, by virtue of his evolution, is not adapted to constant work with it. Therefore, issues related to the impact of the computer on human health are better viewed from a preventive point of view than to treat diseases that suddenly appear.

I want to answer the question right away: is it harmful to sit at the computer? I believe that the benefits of a computer with its reasonable use are much more than harm. Nevertheless, he who is warned is armed.

The impact of computers on human health is characterized by:

permanent sitting position

high eyestrain

as well as neuro-emotional stress associated with the influence of a computer on the human psyche.

The danger of a computer to health is manifested in the fact that the impact of these problems on human health does not appear immediately, but only after some time.

The main factors affecting human health when working at a computer:

monitor flicker (affects the eyes)

electromagnetic radiation,

noise (annoying)

impact on the psyche,

cramped posture (acts on the spine),

the microclimate of the room (humidity, dustiness),

working hours (necessary rest breaks).

Let's consider some factors in more detail. For a big eye strain during prolonged work with a computer, read the article ““, on prevention:

Issues of impact on the psyche, Internet addiction are serious topics and require separate consideration.

I am not inclined to exaggerate questions radiation a computer. We “receive” a no lesser dose of electromagnetic radiation, for example, from a mobile phone, TV or microwave, and the electrical wiring along the wall also emits.

Previously, the main source of radiation in a personal computer was monitors with a cathode ray tube, which are currently out of use. In terms of radiation, modern liquid crystal monitors are considered much safer.

For respiratory prophylaxis it is necessary to ventilate the room where the computer works several times a day and carry out wet cleaning. It is advisable to use an ionizer (for example, Chizhevsky's chandelier).

To increase humidity, you can put an open container with water. It can be an aquarium with fish (increases humidity, and fish calm nerves), a decorative waterfall (again, increases humidity, and the pouring water acts as an ionizer).

More difficult is the issue related to muscle and joint diseases. A monotonous sitting position contributes to numbness of the neck, pain in the shoulders and lower back, tingling in the legs. People who work professionally at a computer, as well as those who have sedentary work, suffer from changes in the shape of the spine and general muscle weakness. But here, in my opinion, you can only advise to lead a healthy and active lifestyle.

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