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PRESENTATION- RESEARCH From A. Popov to the present day Authors of the work: 1. Trusova Natalia, student of the 9th grade of the Borovskaya secondary school, 2. Gribova Ksenia, student of the 9th grade of the Borovskaya secondary school
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PURPOSE: to conduct a study of the significance of A. Popov's discovery for the development of science and technology. TASKS: To find out for the development of which areas of science and technology the discovery of A. Popov served. Conduct a study of what exactly happened in science and technology in these areas until our time. Find out how the technique was improved, what was discovered, who made the discoveries and when. 4 Find out what new applications have emerged today and what scientists want to achieve in the near future.
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Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born in 1859 in the Urals in the village of Turinsky Rudniki. In the family of his father, a local priest, besides Alexander, there were 6 more children. They lived more than modestly. Therefore, Sasha was sent to study first at an elementary theological school, and then at a theological seminary, where the children of the clergy were taught free of charge. After graduating from the general education classes of the Perm Theological Seminary, Alexander successfully passed the entrance exams to the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. The years of study at the university were not easy for Popov. There were not enough funds, and he was forced to earn money as an electrician in the "Electrotechnik" office. During these years, Popov's scientific views were finally formed: he was especially attracted by the problems of the latest physics and electrical engineering. Having successfully graduated from the university in 1882, A.S. Popov received an invitation to stay there to prepare for professorship in the Department of Physics. But the young scientist was more attracted by experimental research in the field of electricity, and he entered the mine officer's class in Kronstadt as a teacher of physics and electrical engineering, where there was a well-equipped physics office. In 1890 he received an invitation to the post of physics teacher at the Technical School of the Naval Department in Kronstadt. During this period, Popov devotes all his free time to physical experiments, mainly to the study of electromagnetic oscillations. In 1901, Popov was appointed professor of the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute, and in 1905 he was elected rector of this institute. Popov was an Honorary Electrical Engineer (1900) and an Honorary Member of the Russian Technical Society (1901). A.S. Popov 1903 (1859-1906)
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The question of Popov's priority in the invention of radio In Russia, Popov is considered the inventor of radio. This is not the only "national" candidate for this title: in the United States, Nikola Tesla is considered to be such, in France, Edouard Branly was considered for a long time. The widespread opinion gives priority to Guglielmo Marconi Supporters of Popov's priority point out that: Critics object that: Popov was the first to demonstrate a practical radio receiver (May 7, 1895) Popov was the first to demonstrate the experience of radiotelegraphy by sending a radiogram (March 24, 1896). Both happened before Marconi's patent application (June 2, 1896). The first device that can be called a receiver was created by Heinrich Hertz in 1888, and a receiver operating on a coherer was created by Lodge in 1894. Popov’s receiver was only a modification of it and did not contain anything fundamentally revolutionary (because the change in the principles of the shaker operation cannot be considered a revolution in radio ). There is no documented evidence that Popov tried to engage in radiotelegraphy until 1897 (that is, before he learned about Marconi's work) and sent radiotelegrams until December of this year.
5 slide
CONCLUSION: Thus, according to critics, the "father" of radio in the broad sense of the word is Hertz, the "father" of radiotelegraphy is Marconi, who adapted Hertz's transmitter and Popov's receiver (with his own improvements) to the immediate practical task of transmitting and receiving radio telegrams, connecting the first with a telegraph key, and the second with a printing telegraph apparatus. But on the whole, the posing of the question of "inventing radio" in general (and not of radiotelegraphy and other specific forms of its application), in Nikolsky's opinion, is as absurd as the posing of the question of the "invention" of gravity. 22-year-old Marconi
6 slide
The emergence of radio communication Radio communication is a method of wireless transmission of information over a distance by means of electromagnetic waves (radio waves). This word comes from the Latin radiare (to emit rays). Late 19th century Luigi Galvani discovers electricity as a phenomenon. 1831 Michael Faraday discovered the connection between electrical and magnetic phenomena. 1865 James Clerk Maxwell substantiated the electromagnetic nature of light, created the mathematical theory of electromagnetic processes Heinrich Hertz confirmed the theory of electromagnetic processes during experiments
7 slide
Edouard Branly invented the coherer (Branly coherer) Oliver Lodge used the Branly coherer to study electromagnetic waves 1894 April 25 (May 7) 1895 Popov publicly demonstrated his invention (the first antenna) March 1896 Popov transmitted the world's first two-word radiogram "Heinrich Hertz". But Popov did not conceal his invention. 1897 Guglielmo Marconi patented this invention, slightly changing the design
8 slide
Marconi carried out the transmission of radio signals across the English Channel 1898 1901 Marconi conducted a radio communication session between Great Britain and Canada. He applied the discovery of the German scientist K.F.Brown - an oscillatory circuit. 1903 Popov made the first attempt at transmitting human speech by radio, but the quality was poor. 1899 P.N. Rybkin (a student of Popov) proposed an auditory method for receiving radio signals
9 slide
POPOV THIS PRIZE ALREADY COULD NOT BE HANDED - THE INVENTOR HAD NOT LIVED TO THOSE DAYS. Marconi and Brown received the Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy. 1909 During the life of A.S. Popov, his priority in the invention of the radio communication system was not questioned. So, when in 1908, in a review of A.A. Petrovsky's book "Scientific Foundations of Wireless Telegraphy", the teacher of the Military Electrotechnical School D.M. Sokoltsov called A.S. Popov's priority in the invention of radio "an old patriotic tale", he immediately was a fitting rebuff was given. PN Rybkin published a brochure "Works of A.S. Popov on telegraphy without wires" (1908), in which he proved the priority of the Russian scientist in the invention of radio.
10 slide
PRIORITIES IN OUR TIME During the life of A.S. Popov, his priority in the invention of radio was not questioned. In our time, the priority struggle has revived - radio has become too important in the history of mankind. It transformed the world by connecting all its points. And some countries began to take measures to revise the priority of A.S. Popov in the invention of radio. In 1947, Italian government organizations made an attempt to declare G. Marconi the inventor of radio. This attempt met with the objection of our scientists. In the newspaper "Izvestia" on October 11, 1947, an article was published entitled "The invention of radio belongs to Russia." On May 5-7, 1995, an anniversary international conference was held in Moscow under the auspices of UNESCO. The President of the RNTO RES named after V.I. A.S. Popova, academician Yu.V. Gulyaev. In his report, he convincingly outlined the history of the invention of radio, noting the role of A.S. Popov's predecessors (M. Faraday, J. Maxwell, G. Hertz, E. Branly, O. Lodge), his followers, the most famous of whom was G. Marconi, and emphasizing the key role of A.S. Popov himself. Radiophysics and radio engineering owe all of them.
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The emergence of radio communication formed the basis for the development of directions. BROADCAST TELEVISION MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS TELEGRAPH SPACE ENGINEERING
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RADIO BROADCASTING The emergence of radio broadcasting, that is, a method of transmitting not only ordinary radio signals, but also human speech at a distance, was associated with the invention of the vacuum tube. 1883 Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, discovered the phenomenon of thermionic emission 1904 John Fleming, an Englishman, created the first vacuum diode, a glass cylinder with a filament. Lee de Forest invented a three-electrode lamp, which he named "audion". Later called "triode". 1906 g
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1912 Edwin Howard Armstrong used a triode to amplify signal reception 1906 Robert Lieben, a German engineer, invented the electronic tube. Alexander Meissner invents the oscillator circuit 1913 During World War II, Armstrong invents a superheterodyne receiver that can receive very weak signals. The first experiments began with the transmission of sounds, music and human speech.
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Lee de Forest organized one of the first "radiotelephone" broadcasts, which dramatically increased American interest in radio. 1916 The first broadcast in Russia took place in Nizhny Novgorod. 1920 The world's first regular radio broadcasting began in the American city of Pittsburgh. 1921 The first Russian radio broadcasting station appeared in Moscow. 1922 Armstrong builds the first radio station to transmit signals using frequency modulation devices 1933
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TELEVISION Television is the transmission of an image over a distance, carried out by converting the light image of an object into electrical signals that are transmitted through wires using radio waves. The middle of the 19th century The idea of \u200b\u200btransmitting an image over a distance using electric current pulses was born, immediately after the invention of the telegraph, Alexander Bein patented the "copying telegraph" in 1843. This device was a screen filled with sealing wax. The ends of metal rods tightly packed in wax came out to the surface, and the sealing wax acted as an insulator between them. To transmit an image over a distance, it was required to make its metal cliche (with a typographic font). The cliché was connected to a power source and applied to the plane of the sealing wax. It was very difficult and did not find application.
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1878 Adriano di Paiva, Portuguese, proposed the use of a camera obscura. P.I. Bazmetiev suggested using a "telephoto" 1880 g. Constantin Senlek, a Frenchman, proposed the same model, but did not receive an image. 1881 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, German, uses "line-by-line scanning". This process has been in use for almost half a century. 1884 A.G. Stoletov, Russian, creates a photocell 1888
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1898 Mieczyslaw Wolfke, a 15-year-old Pole, proposes to transmit signals using radio communications. K. D. Persky, a Russian scientist, gives a lecture in Paris, in which he first used the term "television". 1900 M. Dieckmann and G. Glage, German scientists, receive a patent for a television system that uses a cathode-ray tube. 1906 B.L. Rosing, a Russian electrophysicist, receives a patent for television systems that use a cathode ray tube. 1907 Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton, Scotsman, proposes to use CRT not only in the receiver, but also in the image transmitter. 1911 year
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1925 Hovhannes A. Adamyan, Charles Jackins, John Byrd independently of each other held a demonstration of television equipment. VC. Zvorykin, a student of Rosing, invents a transmitting CRT, calls the iconoscope of 1933 V.K. Zworykin, a student of Rosing, invents a CRT TV CRT. 1934 S. I. Kataev in the USSR, independently of Zvorykin, patented a similar device.
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During these years, many engineers and scientists in different countries worked on the creation and improvement of television devices. Their efforts were crowned with success: 1936 Television broadcasting began in England and the United States. Television broadcasting began in the USSR and Germany. 1938 The first television technology could transmit and receive only black and white images. But the improvement continued! End of the 19th century. We began to work on the creation of color television. Color television systems already existed in many countries. Early 1950s Television devices are now used in scientific research.
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TELEGRAPH Telegraph is a complex of devices designed to transmit information over long distances at high speed using sound, light or electrical signals. (translated from Greek "into the distance", "I write") In the 17th century In England, they began to conduct the first experiments with the transmission of light signals over a distance. Claude Chappe, a Frenchman, built a chain of towers between Paris and Lille (225 km), spaced from each other at a line-of-sight distance. 1794 1809 Semerling, a German inventor, realized the idea of \u200b\u200busing electric current to transmit messages. Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish physicist, discovered the magnetic properties of electricity. 1820 g
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1820 Dominique François Argo, a French scientist, invented an electromagnet, the idea of \u200b\u200busing the magnetic properties of an electric current was realized Pavel Lvovich Schilling, a Russian inventor, demonstrated an electromagnetic telegraph at a congress of naturalists in Bonn. 1835 1837 Samuel Morse, an American artist, invented a device that could record transmitted messages on paper. 1844 May The first telegram is sent by Morse telegraph, on the telegraph line in America between the cities of Washington and Baltimore (64 km). 1855 David Edward Hughes, created an apparatus that did not write down symbols, but letters.
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1850 A submarine cable was laid between France and England, then between England and Ireland, Italy and Sardinia. 1858 A transatlantic cable was laid between Europe and America. 1866 Established a stable telegraph connection between the continents. To the aid of the electric wire telegraph came radio communication - a wireless telegraph. XX century A.S. Popov, having created a radio receiver, for the first time gave the world not an "electric eye", but an "electric ear", sensitive to information transmitted by Hertz's beams anywhere in the world. He was the first, two years before the grant of the Marconi patent, to create a wireless telegraphy system, a radio communication system.
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Late 1940s The first cordless telephones for automobiles were produced in the United States. The first cordless telephones for automobiles were produced in the United States. Late 1940s Commercial mobile communications are already operational in Stockholm and Gothenburg, but they have 26 subscribers. 1960 g The weight of mobile phones sharply decreased, from 30 kg to 10 kg In New York, the company conducted the first tests of a household mobile phone, it weighed 1 kg for 30 minutes of conversation 1956 April 1973
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1974 The USA has already allocated radio frequencies for private telephone companies In Japan, there are telephones in cars, and pay phones in buses 1979 Mobile communication is not yet available, its development is constrained by the imperfection of the development of technology for the production of microcircuits The Swedish company Ericsson has installed a mobile network, and a little later their networks appeared in all European countries. In Paris, the Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM) system was adopted, combining all the best qualities of the predecessor systems. 1980 1981 1986
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1990 The first GSM networks began to appear. 1996 The Finnish company Nokia developed the first communicator that combined a telephone, fax and personal computer. 1998 The commercial exploitation of satellite communications began and mobile phones appeared.
Childhood Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born on March 4, 1859 (March 16, 1859) in the Urals in the village of Turinsky Rudniki, Verkhotursky district, Perm province. In the family of his father, a local priest, besides Alexander, there were 6 more children. They lived more than modestly. He studied at the Dalmatov and Yekaterinburg religious schools.
Education In 1873 he transferred to the Perm Theological Seminary. In 1877 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. In 1882 he defended his dissertation on the topic "On the principles of magneto- and dynamo-electric DC machines" in the years. in the summer, he was in charge of the main power plant of the Nizhny Novgorod fair. Since 1901 Popov is a professor of physics at the Electrotechnical Institute of Emperor Alexander III. In 1905, the academic council of the institute elected A.S. Popov as rector.
Popov's scientific research Popov's receiver Popov introduced an automatic feedback into the circuit: a radio signal triggered a relay, which turned on a bell, and at the same time a drummer worked, hitting a glass tube with sawdust. In his experiments, Popov used a grounded mast antenna invented in 1893 by Tesla.
The question of A.S. Popov's priority in the invention of radio In many Western countries, Marconi is considered the inventor of radio, although other candidates are also named: in Germany, Hertz is considered the creator of radio, in the USA and a number of Balkan countries, Nikola Tesla. Popov's assertion of priority is based on the fact that Popov demonstrated the radio he invented at a meeting of the physics department of the Russian Physicochemical Society on April 25, 1895, while Marconi applied for an invention on June 2, 1896.
Supporters of Popov's priority point out that: Popov was the first to demonstrate a practical radio receiver Popov was the first to demonstrate the experience of radiotelegraphy by sending a two-word radio message (both happened before Marconi's patent application) Popov's radio transmitters were widely used on sea vessels
Popov's works Popov A.S. Collection of documents: To the 50th anniversary of the invention of radio. The collection was prepared by the archives department of the NKVD in the Leningrad region. Compiled by G.I. Golovin and R.I. Karlina. Popov A.S. On wireless telegraphy: Collection of articles, reports, letters and other materials. Edited and with an introductory article by A.I. Berg.
Museums Radio Museum A.S. Popov, Yekaterinburg House-Museum of Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Krasnoturinsk Memorial Museum of the inventor of radio A.S. Popov, Kronshtadt Museum-study and museum-apartment of A.S. Popov, St. Petersburg Central Museum of Communications named after A.S. Popov, St. Petersburg
Monuments Monument to AS Popov, Yekaterinburg, Popov square on Pushkin street. Monument to A.S. Popov, Rostov-on-Don, Radio Frequency Center of the Southern Federal District, main entrance, Budennovsky Ave., 50. The opening took place on May 7, 2009 on Radio Day. Monument to A.S. Popov, Krasnoturinsk. Monument to A.S. Popov, Peterhof, VVMURE, main entrance Monument to A.S. Popov, Peterhof, VVMURE, entrance from Razvedchik boulevard Monument to A.S. Popov, St. Petersburg, square near the Petrogradskaya metro station Monument to A.S. Popov, Moscow, Alley of Scientists, Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov Monument to A.S. Popov, Ryazan, at the main entrance to the Ryazan State Radio Engineering University Monument to A.S. Popov, Kronstadt, park near the memorial museum of the inventor of radio A.S. Popov Monument to A.S. Popov , Perm (planned to open a monument on the City Day) Monument to AS Popov, Kotka, Finland Monument to AS Popov, Dnepropetrovsk, st. Stoletov Monument to A.S. Popov on the territory of the Odessa Electrotechnical Institute of Communications. AS Popov (now the Odessa National Academy of Communications named after AS Popov) Monument to AS Popov, Omsk, territory of the Radio Plant named after AS Popov ”, bust. Obelisk, memorial stone and stele in honor of the implementation in 1900 by the inventor A.S. Popov of the first practical session of radio communication, Fr. Gogland Sign 100 years of radio (1997), Sevastopol
Streets In Ryazan, the city square is named after A. Popov. A.S. Popov Street is in many settlements: in Yekaterinburg, where he studied, in Krasnoturyinsk, where he was born in St. Petersburg, where he lived in Kronstadt in Perm, where he studied in Barnaul in Smolensk in Mariupol (Primorsky District ) in Ryazan in (settlement Sokolovka) in Kazan in Arkhangelsk in Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod region) in the city of Udomlya (Tver region) in Orenburg (Orenburg region) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk Territory) in Penza in the city of Dalmatovo (Kurgan region) ) in the city of Tyumen
Slide 2
Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born on March 16, 1859 in the Northern Urals, in the mining village of Turinsky Rudniki,
in the family of Stepan Petrovich Popov, a priest, rector of the Maximov Church, and his wife Anna Stepanovna, the middle of seven children.
Slide 3
Alexander received his primary education at the Dalmatovsky (1869-1871) and Yekaterinburg (1871-1873) theological schools. In 1873 Popov entered the Perm Theological Seminary. In these educational institutions, education for children of the clergy was free, which was of significant importance for the large Popov family.
Religious education instilled in Alexander Popov high moral qualities, which were repeatedly noted by people who knew him. The general education classes of the seminary, which gave knowledge in the volume of a classical gymnasium with the right to enter the university, Popov graduated with honors in 1877.
Dalmatovsky monastery
Slide 4
Alexander's interest in technology was facilitated by the fact that among the acquaintances of the Popov family there were many engineers, graduates of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute. He visited mines and workshops with interest, he himself tried to make various mechanisms. All his life Popov was grateful to the husband of Catherine's sister V.P. Slovtsov, a priest, like his father, who taught him carpentry, plumbing and turning.
Alexander Popov as a child. 1868 year.
Slide 5
In September 1877, Alexander Popov entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. Alexander Popov received a scholarship only in the first and third courses, and he solved his financial problems by tutoring.
At the university, Popov spent all his free time in the physics laboratory, doing experiments on electricity. While still a student, he acted as an assistant at the Department of Physics. While studying in the 4th year, he entered the service of the "Electrotechnik" partnership, where he had to deal with installation work and the operation of small power plants.
Slide 6
In November 1882 A.S. Popov graduated from the university and after defending his thesis on the topic "On the principles of DC dynamo-electric machines" (January 1883) received a candidate's diploma. His first scientific article on the materials of the dissertation was published in the September issue of the journal "Electricity" for 1883. By the decision of the Academic Council A. Popov was left at the university to prepare for a professorship.
Petersburg University, 1882
Slide 7
In 1883, he accepted an offer to become an assistant in the Mine Officer Class in Kronstadt, the only educational institution in Russia in which electrical engineering played a prominent role and work was carried out on the practical application of electricity (in naval affairs). In the Mine Officer class, Popov worked for 18 years, combining teaching activities with scientific research. Here he began the study of electromagnetic waves, culminating in the invention of radio. From 1889 to 1898, in the summer months, free from classes at the IOC, A.S. Popov was in charge of the power plant that served the Nizhny Novgorod fair. The experience of working at the Nizhny Novgorod power plant gave Popov material for compiling a textbook on electrical machines, published in 1897 by the Naval Department.
Nizhny Novgorod power plant
Slide 8
By the nature of his official activity, A.S. Popov was closely associated with the navy, and it was in the navy that the great discovery was born. The historical conditions for the discovery were ripe, several people went to it in different ways in different countries almost simultaneously: Popov, Rutherford, Marconi and others. AS Popov was the first to achieve success. In 1889, AS Popov read a series of lectures "Latest research on the relationship between light and electrical phenomena" at the meeting of mine officers according to the following program: "1. Conditions for the origin of the oscillatory motion of electricity and the propagation of electrical oscillations in conductors. 2. Propagation of electrical vibrations in the air - rays of electrical force. Reflection, refraction and polarization of electric rays. 3. Actinoelectric phenomena - the effect of light from a voltaic arc on electric charges. "
Slide 9
The beginning of AS Popov's work in the field of wireless communication dates back to 1889. By the beginning of 1895 Popov created a "lightning detector", which made it possible to reliably register the approach of a thunderstorm at a distance of up to 30 km. On March 12 (24), 1896, at a meeting of the physics department of the Russian Physicochemical Society, Popov, using his instruments, clearly demonstrated the transmission of signals over a distance of 250 m, transmitting the world's first two-word radiogram "Heinrich Hertz". In the spring of 1895 A.S. Popov and his assistant P.N. Rybkin carried out experiments on transmitting and receiving signals over a distance of 30 fathoms (64 meters) in the IOC garden. A wire raised by balloons to a height of 2.5 meters was used as an antenna for the receiver.
First radio receiver
Slide 10
As a physicist A.S. Popov was interested in scientific discoveries in all areas of the application of electricity. By the beginning of 1896, his work in the field of the newly discovered X-rays belongs. Already in February, he made one of the first X-ray machines in Russia, took pictures of various objects, including a snapshot of a human hand. With his support, an X-ray room was equipped at the Kronstadt Naval Hospital in 1897, and later some warships were equipped with X-ray machines.
One of the first X-ray machines. Two X-rays: a modern photograph of a human head in color using a computer and one of the first X-rays of a woman's hand.
Slide 11
At the beginning of 1897 Popov carried out radio communication between the coast and the ship, and in 1898 the range of radio communication between the ships was increased to 11 km. A big victory for Popov and the barely incipient radio communication was the rescue of 27 fishermen from a torn-off ice floe carried into the sea. The radiogram, transmitted over a distance of 44 km, allowed the icebreaker to go to sea in a timely manner. In 1901, on the Black Sea, Popov in his experiments reached a range of 148 km. After a brilliant test in practice, the radio drew attention at the top. In the summer of 1901, Alexander Stepanovich went on a business trip to test and introduce radio stations on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet at the same time, the gradual equipping of radio ships of the Baltic Fleet continued. In the same year, the first civilian radio communication line was opened by the Popovs in Rostov-on-Don.
Radio link from Kotka to Gogland
Slide 12
In the fall of 1901, Popov was appointed professor at the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute. In January 1906, Alexander Stepanovich died suddenly of a stroke. Just four days before his death, he was elected chairman of the Russian Physical Society - the highest honor given to him by the Russian scientific community in recognition of his selfless work.
Building THESE
Slide 13
Throughout his active creative life, the scientist was accompanied by the definition "first". These are: the first coherer radiotelegraph receiver and the first spark radiotelegraph system (April 1895); the first device for recording electromagnetic radiation of atmospheric origin - a lightning detector (July 1895); the first detector radio with aural reception of telegraph signals (September 1899); the first crystal point diode (June 1900); the first radiotelephone system (December 1903). In 1945, by a government decree, the birthday of radio communications on May 7 was declared an annual public holiday - Radio Day. The AS Popov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences “For outstanding services in the field of radio. A.S. Popov ", a badge" Honorary Radio Operator "was introduced, personal scholarships were established for students and postgraduates in the field of radio engineering and telecommunications.
Slide 14
The memory of the scientist is adequately immortalized in numerous monuments, monuments, memorial plaques in a number of cities where he lived and worked. The name of AS Popov was awarded to scientific institutions, educational institutions, industrial enterprises, radio stations, museums, scientific and technical societies, ships; The streets of cities are named after him. In 1945, the A.S. Popov Russian Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Communications was formed. In the solar system there is a small planet "Popov", on the far side of the moon a crater is named after him. Films have been made about the life and work of the scientist. In 1959, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Popov, a monument was erected to him on Kamennoostrovsky Prospect of St. Petersburg. Monuments to AS Popov were also discovered on the alley of scientists on Vorobyovy Gory, in Yekaterinburg, Krasnoturinsk, Kotka (Finland); his busts were installed in Kronstadt, in Petrodvorets, on the island of Gogland, in St. Petersburg at Literatorskie mostki of the Volkovsky cemetery.
Slide 15
"Immortal is the scientific feat of Alexander Stepanovich Popov, the inexhaustible legacy left by him to mankind" - this is how A.S. Popov, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, laureate of the A.S. Popov Gold Medal S.A.Vekshinsky. Years will pass, these words will not lose their deep meaning, the name of A.S. Popova will forever remain among the outstanding representatives of domestic and world science. AS Popov's predictions were fully justified. The 21st century has become the century of telecommunications and informatization.
Slide 16
http://www.kronstadt.ru/popov_museum/popov_museum.htm http://www.ekmap.ru/museums/5/photos/269
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http://www.epc-ru.ru/index.php?option\u003dcom_content&task\u003dview&id\u003d457&Itemid\u003d170
Internet resources
http://www.rudata.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1 % 81% D0% B0% D0% BD% D0% B4% D1% 80_% D0% A1% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BF% D0% B0% D0% BD% D0% BE% D0% B2 % D0% B8% D1% 87 # .D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.8F
http://nplit.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000004/st039.shtml
http://slovari.yandex.ru/
HOME AND FAMILYHOME AND FAMILY
Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born on March 4
1859 (March 16, 1859) in the Urals in the village of Turinsky
The mines of the Verkhotursky district of the Perm province. In his family
father, local priest Stepan Petrovich Popov
(1827-1897), besides Alexander, there were 6 more children, among them
sister of August, in the future a famous artist.
His father was a priest in the 10th generation.
(Bogdanova) and had three children. A family
always supported him. Raisa
Alekseevna translated for him
foreign scientific journals, led
her husband's notes and, as a doctor, helped in
his work. Education
At the age of 10, Alexander Popov was sent
to the Dalmatov Theological School
In 1871, Alexander Popov transferred to the third
class of the Yekaterinburg Theological School
In 1873 he entered the Perm Theological Seminary
After the end of the general education classes of the Perm
theological seminary (1877) Alexander successfully passed
entrance exams for physics and mathematics
Faculty of St. Petersburg University
Successfully graduated from the university in 1882 with a degree
candidate, A.S. Popov received an invitation to stay there
to prepare for professorship in the department
physics.
Since 1901 Popov - professor of physics
Life story
LIFE STORYFew people know, but before the invention of radio, thanks to
to the work of A.S. Popov, many lives were saved. So, in
1896 Count Vorontsov-Dashkov, suspecting his wife of treason,
in anger he shot her with a gun. Then, realizing that he
did it, brought his wife to the hospital. But the treatment is not
helped. It was necessary to extract a fraction from the body
affected. For this, an apparatus was needed for
X-ray, which is absent in Russia. A.S. Popov was
forced to create such an apparatus, repeating the experience of Rengen.
He coped with the task. The victim was saved. Moreover, thanks to the work of A.S. Popova
Renegade devices were introduced in
Russia is everywhere.
Raisa Alekseevna Popova worked
chief physician in the first Russian department
Radiology
The beginning of the way
THE BEGINNING OF THE WAYThe history of the creation of radio can be started from 1893. IN
this year, the brother of Tsar Alexei gives a decree to A.S. Popov:
“Start a journey through the advanced Western countries and
to get the maximum experience when examining inventions "
A.S. Popov agrees and begins his journey.
The final stop is the 1893 Chicago Exposition. By
at the end of the trip, it became clear: Russia is terrible
lags behind in the development of electrical engineering. In 1888 A.S. Popov first uses
practice radio waves using
vibrator and resonator of Hertz. However, about
he does not report his discovery. A.S.
Popov decides to improve his
invention. And improves it
up to 1895. He first presented his invention on April 25 (May 7 to
new style) in 1895 at a meeting of the Russian Physicochemical Society in the building "Same de Pom" (room for
sports exercises) in the courtyard of St.
university. The topic of the lecture was: “On the attitude of metal
powders to electrical vibrations ”. Until recently
it was mistakenly believed that the first publication in which
description of the wireless telegraph, was the edition
minutes 15/201 of the said meeting - in the December issue
1895 of the RFHO magazine (on the actual state of affairs
(see below in the section on priority). IN
published description of his device, A.S. Popov noted
its use for lecture purposes and registration
perturbations in the atmosphere; he also expressed
hope that “my device, with further improvement
it can be applied to transmission<на деле - к
receiving\u003e signals over distances using fast
electrical oscillations, as soon as the source of such
vibrations, possessing sufficient energy "(later, since 1945
this event will be celebrated in the USSR as Radio Day. Job
in the Naval Department imposed certain restrictions on
publication of research results, therefore, observing
given an oath promise not to disclose information,
constituting classified information, Popov did not publish
new results of their work. However, sluggishness
The Russian administrative apparatus is not
allowed to introduce the invention of A.S.
Popov in everyday life. Officials do not
understood the importance of the new
inventions. And this led to
dire consequences. One of the reasons for the defeat of Russia in the war with Japan
considered the technical backwardness of the Russian army. IN
while the ships of Japan were equipped
radio communication even inside the ship, the Russian fleet is
also used Morse code. And the captain of the ship was
forced to transfer commands to the crew by shouting to the copper
pipe. However, even after the defeat, the authorities did not
correct conclusions. The officials and the crown could not
allocate money for the creation of a radio communication network and collection
receivers. Because of this radio design Popov
was going to Italy, by the Marconi concern.
Ship Rescue
RESCUE OF THE SHIPIn 1899, the battleship "Lieutenant General
Opraksin "ran aground near the island of Gogland,
that in the Gulf of Finland. Only thanks to
the crew of the Ekmak icebreaker, which had on board
Popov's invention managed to save the team and
ship. A.S. Popov with P.N. Rybkin personally
tried to establish communication between the courts.
Moreover, thanks to their work, it was possible to save
50 fishermen drifting on an ice floe,
happy coincidence, in the same place Unfortunately, many of A.S. Popova foreign
scientists have appropriated to themselves. So, American scientists
appropriated Popov's discovery - the phenomenon of reflection
radio waves from ships and obstacles
propagation of radio waves. Moreover, there have been attempts
take over the system of the improved Popov
lightning detector.
Mine class
MINING CLASSUnfortunately, A.S. Popov suffered from the strongest
headaches. Moreover, revolutionary
events and death of all Mine officer
class, his students, friends and colleagues, in the war with
Japan finally crippled his health. He
died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 46
Popov Alexander Stepanovich 1859-1905
Childhood Alexander Stepanovich Popov was born on March 4, 1859 (March 16, 1859) in the Urals in the village of Turinsky Rudniki, Verkhotursky district, Perm province. In the family of his father, a local priest, besides Alexander, there were 6 more children. They lived more than modestly. Studied at Dolmatovsky and Ekaterenburg spiritual
training In 1873 he transferred to the Perm Theological Seminary. In 1887 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. In 1882 he defended his dissertation on the topic "On the principles of magneto- and dynamo-electric DC machines" in 1889-1898. in the summer, he was in charge of the main power plant of the Nizhny Novgorod fair. Since 1901 Popov has been a professor of physics at the Electrotechnical Institute of Emperor Alexander III. In 1905, the academic council of the institute elected A.S. Popov as rector.
Popov's scientific research Popov's receiver
A.S. Popov's ship radio receiving station, model 1901, for receiving on tape and by ear. Many ships of the Black Sea Fleet were equipped with such receiving stations.
The question of Popov's priority in the invention of radio In many Western countries, Marconi is considered the inventor of radio, although other candidates are also named: in Germany, Hertz is considered the creator of the radio, in the USA and a number of Balkan countries - Nikola Tesla. Popov's assertion of priority is based on the fact that Popov demonstrated the radio he invented at a meeting of the physics department of the Russian Physicochemical Society on April 25 (May 7) 1895, while Marconi applied for an invention on June 2, 1896.
Supporters of Popov's priority point out that: Popov was the first to demonstrate a practical radio receiver (May 7, 1895) Popov was the first to demonstrate the experience of radiotelegraphy by sending a radiogram (March 24, 1896). Both happened before Marconi's patent application. Popov's radio transmitters were widely used on sea vessels.
The lightning detector Popov connected his device with the Richard brothers' writing coil and thus obtained a device for registering electromagnetic oscillations in the atmosphere, called the “lightning detector” and used at the Forestry Institute
Popov's works Popov A.S. Collection of documents: To the 50th anniversary of the invention of radio. The collection was prepared by the archives department of the NKVD in the Leningrad region. Compiled by G.I. Golovin and R.I. Karlina. Popov A.S. On wireless telegraphy: Collection of articles, reports, letters and other materials. Edited and with an introductory article by A.I. Berg.
In memory Popov died suddenly on December 31, 1905 (January 13, 1906). Buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg. A minor planet, an object of the lunar landscape of the far side of the Moon, is named after him.
Museums Museum of Radio. A.S. Popov, Yekaterinburg House-Museum of Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Krasnoturinsk Memorial Museum of the inventor of radio A.S. Popov, Kronshtadt Museum-study and museum-apartment of A.S. Popov, St. Petersburg , LETI Central Museum of Communications named after A.S. Popova, St. Petersburg
House-Museum of A.S. Popov in his homeland in the city of Krasnoturyinsk (in the past - the Turinsky mines), standing on the street named after him by the Central Museum of Communications of A.S. Popov in St. Petersburg
Schools Communication school, Kronstadt Secondary school in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region. Dalmatovskaya secondary school number 2
Monuments Monument to AS Popov, Yekaterinburg, Popov square on Pushkin street. Monument to A.S. Popov, Rostov-on-Don, Radio Frequency Center of the Southern Federal District, main entrance, Budennovsky Ave., 50. The opening took place on May 7, 2009 on Radio Day. Monument to A.S. Popov, Krasnoturinsk. Monument to A.S. Popov, Peterhof, VVMURE, main entrance Monument to A.S. Popov, Peterhof, VVMURE, entrance from Razvedchik boulevard Monument to A.S. Popov, St. Petersburg, square near the Petrogradskaya metro station Monument to A.S. Popov, Moscow, Alley of Scientists, Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov Monument to A.S. Popov, Ryazan, at the main entrance to the Ryazan State Radio Engineering University Monument to A.S. Popov, Kronstadt, park near the memorial museum of the inventor of radio A.S. Popov Monument to A.S. Popov , Perm (planned to open the monument on 12.06.2009 on the City Day) Monument to AS Popov, Kotka, Finland Monument to AS Popov, Dnepropetrovsk, st. Stoletov Monument to A.S. Popov on the territory of the Odessa Electrotechnical Institute of Communications. AS Popov (now the Odessa National Academy of Communications named after AS Popov) Monument to AS Popov, Omsk, territory of the Radio Plant named after AS Popov ”, bust. Obelisk, memorial stone and stele in honor of the implementation in 1900 by the inventor A.S. Popov of the first practical session of radio communication, Fr. Gogland Sign 100 years of radio (1997), Sevastopol
Monument to A.S. Popov in Krasnoturyinsk Sign of 100 years of radio in Sevastopol
Streets In Ryazan, the city square is named after A. Popov. A.S. Popov Street is in many settlements: in Yekaterinburg, where he studied, in Krasnoturyinsk, where he was born in St. Petersburg, where he lived in Kronstadt in Perm, where he studied in Barnaul in Smolensk in Mariupol (Primorsky District ) in Ryazan in (settlement Sokolovka) in Kazan in Arkhangelsk in Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod region) in the city of Udomlya (Tver region) in Orenburg (Orenburg region) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk Territory) in Penza in the city of Dalmatovo (Kurgan region) ) in the city of Tyumen
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