And so you decided install Linux, or rather an operating system based on Linux, as a system for installation, we recommend one of the popular Linux distributions Ubuntu - it is suitable for both beginners and professionals, this distribution kit is maximally tailored for the Russian-speaking user. We note right away that there is nothing difficult in installing and then working with the operating system. We will install the latest version at the time of writing. Ubuntu11.04. Let's get started!
Before starting the installation, it is worth getting a little into the course of the matter, this is really Linux for people. It works as needed immediately after installation without additional user intervention and contains all the software necessary for an ordinary user.
You can:
- communicate with friends and colleagues via ICQ or Jabber using the Empathy IM client,
- work with e-mail in the Evolution mail client,
- visit your favorite sites using Mozilla Firefox,
- watch, sort and of course load your photos from the camera using F-Spot,
- listen to music in Rhythmbox and watch movies in Totem,
- work with office documents created in Microsoft Office allows the free office suite OpenOffice.org,
- store, sync and share files through Ubuntu One.
Thanks to the app center, you will have no trouble installing more than a thousand different free programs, such as the Opera browser, Picasa image browser, Thunderbird email client, VLC media player and more.
First of all, download the installation image and write it to disk.
It's easy! Family distributions Ubuntuare a set of specially selected software. It is an operating system plus many useful and useful programs that can be freely and freely used by you and your friends and colleagues. We also want to note that the operating systems of the family Linuxsometimes many times better than operating systems of the family Windows(they just take a little getting used to).
After downloading, writing the image to disk and booting through the drive, the operating system installer starts, here we immediately select the language of the future installer:
Just move around with the keyboard arrows.
The installation will now take place in your native language. Choose the item " Install Ubuntu«.
Follow the advice of the installer - first of all we choose the language of the future system.
In the next window, check the boxes "Download updates during installation" and "Install third-party software".
Next, we have the most difficult and crucial stage of the installation! If you do not want to do anything by hand and the installation is performed on a clean system (there are no installed operating systems), select “ Erase disks and install Ubuntu”And continue with the installation.
If you decide to resort to manual installation, here are some small recommendations:
/ - root file system, boot partition. The necessary section which contains all system files, installed programs, everything else. Approximately 4 - 6 GB.
swap- a special file system used as virtual memory. Experts recommend using the size swappartition equal or one and a half amount of the used RAM of your computer.
/ home - home directory on a separate section is the best solution. The home directory stores all user data, from documents and pictures to mailboxes and settings for various programs.
Additionally, we post an example of partitioning a hard disk:
The installation will continue after the hard disk partition setup is complete.
In new versions Ubuntuthe operating system is installed before the user data is specified.
While the system is being installed, we will indicate our location.
Let's configure and check the keyboard layout.
Now set up a user account.
There is very little left, the installation takes an average of 15-20 minutes and is accompanied by interesting descriptions distribution kit Ubuntu.
Many people think that installing Linux is the hardest task to get started with. But in fact, installing Ubuntu turns out to be not particularly difficult for Windows, you just need to have a little knowledge about the procedure. Let's say right away that the article will consider the installation of Ubuntu on a second system next to Windows, although the information is useful for a regular installation.
Linux systems today come in a variety of platforms to choose from, depending on individual tasks and user requirements. The most widespread and popular variant is Ubuntu, one of the most progressive distributions. Over the past years, the platform has been supplemented with numerous innovations, significantly expanding the user experience.
Other common distributions include Linux OpenSUSE and Linux-mint, which are distinguished by their ease of use, although their capabilities are much less.
How to install Ubuntu - go to the main installation process
How to install Ubuntu - preparatory steps
First of all, we have to create a boot disk or a USB flash drive from which the platform will be installed. Their preparation is the topic of a separate article, which you can find on our website or on the Web.
We will consider the work when we already have it. In this case, reboot the computer from a disk or flash drive.
Go to the installation process
In the window that appears when booting from a disk or flash drive, select the Russian language and click "Install Ubuntu".
From this point on, the entire installation process begins. Here the user will be informed if there is enough space for the installation, the presence of an Internet connection is determined.
You need such an internet connection to update the system. With unlimited Internet, we recommend choosing this connection and clicking "Download updates during installation".
Click "Continue", after which we will be asked to determine the appropriate type of installation:
Before us appears the structure of hard drives, partitions on them. As a rule, in the table that appears, we see one hard disk (/ dev / sda), and there is one partition (/ dev / sda1) of NTFS type. This section is actually the same as "Drive C" in Windows. It is possible that you will have one or more sections. The main thing is to choose from among the available a partition that is suitable for reducing the size by 10 GB in order to create partitions for Ubuntu in the vacated space.
Therefore, we select such a section, and then click Change. Here we indicate the new disk size that we allocate for Ubuntu, also the disk type. We do not include the "format the partition" item, since we will lose all previously available data, including Windows files.
Many newbies are surprised by the "mount point" clause - what does it mean by itself. In fact, in Linux systems, the file structure assumes the presence of a root folder, where the OS is located. All other disks, folders and other devices will be connected already inside it. If you don't understand anything after these words, don't be alarmed - just select "/ windows" as the mount point in the drop-down list in order to have access to all the folders and files in this section for further work.
After selecting all the parameters, run "OK". In this case, an automatic notification will be displayed that it will be impossible to undo this action in the future.
We agree and click continue. It cannot be universally said here - the wait may take several minutes or a couple of hours. This is affected by the amount of free space on the selected disk. In any case, you should wait without turning off your computer - otherwise, you may lose important data.
After selecting the "free space", press the button with the "plus" - for "Add". After that, a new window appears, in which we indicate the "swap partition". For a start, 1 GB is fine.
Now we see that we have created our own swap partition, but there is still free space. Press the button with the "plus" ("Add") again. Now we are creating a main partition for installing Ubuntu.
If you are prompted to select the type of the new partition, select "logical". The location is set to "Beginning of this space". We indicate the maximum possible size, it is usually set by default. Next, we just need to set the mount point - to install Ubuntu in the root folder.
It remains to click "OK", and in the "Install now" window that appears, the process of changing the partition structure will begin, the Ubuntu files will be copied to the computer.
How to install Ubuntu on a computer - completing the installation and configuration
During installation, the system will ask you to answer a number of related questions. Including "Where are you" - to select the appropriate time zone.
During installation, Ubuntu will also ask about the appropriate way to log the user into the system:
- Automatic login. During the launch of the OS, the username and password will not be asked, you will immediately see the desktop.
- Prompt for a password. A safer option, which is especially valuable for computers with confidential data, when working with payment systems, etc.
In fact, the whole process is practically completed at this - after the installation, a restart will be offered for the computer to start the new system.
Do I need to install Ubuntu on my computer?
Actually a rhetorical question, if you have already decided to install. It should be admitted that modern Linux systems offer important advantages for work, although one should not forget about the disadvantages either. The main advantage is a completely free platform, allowing you to save about $ 100 on purchase, and with less exposure to viruses.
A significant disadvantage is the smaller amount of software available. Of course, there are many Ubuntu counterparts available. They are slightly inferior in many functions. Also, some programs running on Windows are available for Ubuntu - due to their Linux versions.
And if Windows is installed next to Ubuntu, or if you take care of emulators on a virtual Windows shell, the problem of lack of software is almost completely solved.
Summing up, we note that the Ubuntu installation, with its apparent complexity, can be accessible to everyone. Of course, it can take time and a little diligence. In our article, we examined the universal principle of platform installation, however, depending on its modifications and versions, some individual differences in the procedure are possible. If additional points or questions appear during the installation process, do not be afraid to look for information on the network in order to complete the installation correctly and safely for the data on your computer.
1.Install Linux along with Windows, while maintaining the ability to boot both operating systems and not lose data
- Be able to access the Internet during Linux installation (so as not to get bored during the installation, and upon completion have an already updated OS)
So let's get started!
We will need an Ubuntu distribution (or higher, if the article is outdated by the time you refer to it). It is advisable to have a DVD, as there is much more software on it that will be useful to you in your work. You can find download links at http://ubuntu.ru/get. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that if you first install Ubuntu, or any other Linux distribution, then the subsequent installation of Windows will overwrite the bootloader, blocking your access to booting Linux. Therefore, if you want to have several operating systems on your computer, then we recommend installing them in approximately the following order:
- Windows XP.
- Windows 7
- Linux
We download, record, reboot, boot from disk and see a greeting picture, on which we are offered to choose our native language.
After choosing the language, we will be asked to run Ubuntu without installing it on the computer, or install it. If you haven't tried running Ubuntu on your computer yet, I highly recommend using the first option to get started. If you are sure that Ubuntu will work without problems on your computer - feel free to choose option number 2.
By the way, it is possible to connect a computer, or rather an OS, to the Internet at the installation stage in 90% of cases. The main question is - is it necessary? I think so, since Ubuntu will try to download the necessary updates when installing. If your distribution is more than 4-5 months old, then a lot of updates will be downloaded. I already wrote that Ubuntu comes out every six months. Each time upgrading to a newer distribution via the Internet takes up about a gigabyte of traffic, so figure it out. You can skip the network configuration if you need to quickly install Ubuntu (the installer receives information about updates and downloads updates automatically. This process cannot be bypassed and interrupted either.) So the speed of installation with updates directly depends on the bandwidth of your Internet channel. If you decide to connect Ubuntu to the Internet at the installation stage in order to have the most recent OS at the end of the installation, or you just want to read the news, chat or play flash games (the flash player is downloaded and installed into memory without problems, but upon completion installation, you will have to reinstall it. Fortunately, it is not difficult at all.), then connecting to the Internet in most cases will not cause problems. To do this, call up the network settings by clicking on the network manager icon (nm-applet).
It is likely that Ubuntu has already detected your hardware and found the right drivers for it, including the network card. The network manager (Network manager applet) is able to establish connections both via regular connections and via VPN, ADSL, and even quite tolerably controlled with USB 3G modems. All you need to know is what your network settings are. The settings are provided by the Internet provider, or requested from the system administrator.
In the next window, you need to determine the hard disk space for our OS. The installer will offer 3 options:
1.Install next to other operating systems
2. Delete all data and use the entire disk
3.Specify sections manually (for advanced users)
I do not recommend that you choose the second option, unless you need the data on your hard drive, you have decided never to return to Windows and destroy it ... In short, if you choose the second option, everything acquired by the overwhelming difficult will be erased beyond recovery. In the case of the first option, the Ubuntu installer will split the free space on the hard disk in half and will give one of them for a new OS. And of course you can choose 3 option. If you choose it, you can manage partitions and free space. The two most essential partitions are the root directory and swap. I'll tell you briefly about each.
Root directory indicated by the sign / and is the root of the disk that contains all the directories. It's like a disk FROM: in Windows OS.
Swap - swap file. It's like virtual memory in Windows. Windows type pagefile.sys, only the principle of operation is somewhat different and is not a paging file stored on the same partition with the OS, but a separate partition. You need to determine the size of SWAP based on the size of your computer's RAM. The size should be approximately equal. A little more is possible, but not desirable less.
These two partitions will be enough for Ubuntu to run. More precisely and clearly, we will learn how to split and create other sections later.
The installer asks for your time zone to determine the time. Well, everything is simple and very convenient.
Determine the keyboard layout. In the same window, you can try to print and switch between layouts
We complete the installation. Ubuntu asks for your name, computer name, then username and password with confirmation. There are also 2 parameters:
- Log in automatically
- Require a password to login.
What this means I think it is clear to everyone. I would like to point out that if you choose the second option, you will be prompted to "Encrypt my home folder". But I highly do not recommend this to you, since if the OS completely crashes (which is unlikely, but still) you will not be able to access / restore the data stored in your folder. I will explain on my fingers ... Everyone knows what it is C: \\DocumentsandSettings \\ your_folder ? So, this is your home directory in Windows (of course, the drive letter may differ). On Linux, your home directory will be around here / home / your_folder.It is this that the installer offers you to encrypt. (The only option why this is needed, in my opinion, is to steal your hard drive).
Well, that's all. It remains to wait until the installer completes the installation and prompts you to restart your computer after removing the installation disc. When you reboot, you will see the GRUB bootloader menu (in other words, OS selection). Linux is in the forefront here, then booting Linux in safe mode, then checking the RAM Memtest, well, and then there is space for the Windows boot line.
This concludes the article. In the next article, we will explain what awaits you when you boot Ubuntu and what to do about it. Do not be alarmed, we will talk about the preinstalled programs and how to install analogs of the programs that we are used to in Windows.
2016-01-08T14: 45: 26 + 00: 00 adminWhere to start? Distributions Manuals Articles Linux, Ubuntu, InstallationIf you want to reinstall the operating system on your computer (on Linux), you better read the detailed and step-by-step instructions for installing Ubuntu 16.04.
This is one of the last and the most current versionsavailable for download on the official website. We do not recommend using them, since they have much more errors and shortcomings than the latter.
Step # 1. Downloading an image and writing to a USB flash drive
As we said above, you can download the OS image on the official website. Do it. Then you can proceed to recording the system to a disk or USB flash drive.
In fact, at this stage we are creating a bootable USB stick. Since we are talking about Ubuntu, it is best to use a proprietary utility from the manufacturer for this purpose.
It is called UNetbootin. You can download it. If you are currently recording an image from under this system, then the process will look like this:
- Start UNetbootin. Check the box next to the label Disk Image... Select the option next to "ISO Image".
- Click on the ellipsis button and indicate where the previously downloaded OS image is located.
- In field "A type" indicate "USB stick"... If you inserted it into your computer, it will most likely be detected automatically. And if this did not happen, select its letter in the field "Carrier".
- Click "OK"... Wait for the end of the recording.
On Windows it is also very convenient to use ultraISO program... It is quite possible that it is already installed on your computer, since in most cases it is installed along with the system.
How to use it is shown in the video below.
If you are using it now, everything will look pretty much the same.
True, most likely, UNetbootin will be in English, but the fields there are exactly the same and the image will need to be selected by clicking on the button with the ellipsis.
Now we have a USB flash drive with a ready-to-install image of the operating system.
But in order to use it, you must force the system to first detect the removable media and boot it, not the hard drive. To do this, you need to properly configure the BIOS / UEFI.
Step # 2. BIOS / UEFI setup
The setting will look different depending on the BIOS version.
In general, it is necessary to press the "F2" or "Del" button while the computer boots (if it is turned on, restart it) until the BIOS screen appears on the screen (you will immediately recognize it).
Although, depending on the manufacturer of the system unit or laptop, these buttons may be different. All possible options can be seen in Table 1.
- In AMI BIOS you need to go to the "Boot" section and open "Boot Device Priority". Then it remains to click on "1 st Drive" and select the flash drive by its name.
- In AWARD BIOS, go to the "Advanced BIOS Features" section on the main screen and put the flash drive first in the "First Boot Device" item.
- In other modifications, you need to find the "Boot Sequence" section and, again, put the flash drive first in the "1 st Boot Device" item.
As for UEFI, you can enter it in the same way - by pressing one or another key at boot.
But then you will need to find a section called "Boot Sequence", "BIOS Features" or "Boot Device Priority" and in the same way put the removable drive with the OS image in the first place.
It might look something like the one shown in Figure 6.
In Windows 8 and 10, you don't need to enter BIOS or UEFI to install boot from. Instead, you need to do the following actions:
1 Use search to open "Updating and restoring ..."... In the window that opens, go to the section "Recovery" (left). Click the button Restart Now under the inscription "Special options ..."
2 In the menu that appears, select "Use device"... This is the point that allows you to choose from which to boot the computer. The default, of course, is the hard drive.
Step # 3. Directly installation
Now that the operating system image has started working, you need to do the following:
1 Click on any button in the very first boot screen.
Interesting: If you press the key« F3 " , you can see the onscreen keyboard. Such an opportunity is needed by people who have failed with a conventional keyboard or who have disabilities.
If you wish, you can choose the option "Run Ubuntu without installation "... This is done for informational purposes. You will be able to get acquainted with the interface, programs and principles of the system. If you do, to install the OS, click on the shortcut Install Ubuntu 16.04 » on your home screen (desktop).
5 Further you will see two points. The first is called "Download updates while installing Ubuntu" and is responsible for downloading the latest updates during installation. The second has a long name "Install third-party software ..." and is responsible for loading codecs and other additional programs to work with equipment. On the second paragraph, a check must be made, but about the first, then this is optional. Click "Proceed".
6 Then you can choose where to install the new OS. Your best bet is to erase your entire hard drive and install a clean system on it. There is a corresponding option for this at the top. If you want to partition the disk yourself and install the system only on a part of it (this is necessary, for example, when you need two operating systems on your computer), choose "Another variant"... But if you do not have knowledge and experience in this matter, it is better to stop at the first one. Finally press Install Now.
7 Next, you have to choose a keyboard layout. As you know, in the Russian language, as well as in many others, there are many modifications and each one needs its own layout. Choose the most suitable for you and click "Proceed". It is important to understand that this is only the default layout, that is, the one that will be initially. In the process of using the OS, you can easily add another.
8 After that click on your time zone. If you wish, you can write your city in Latin and the system will automatically select the most suitable belt. Click "Proceed".
9 Next, enter your individual data - username, computer name and password. This is to ensure that no stranger enters your system. If there is no such danger, check the box "Log in automatically", and if it is, then "Require a password to log in ..."... Press again at the end "Proceed".
10 Installation is finally started! It remains to wait until it ends.
How to install Ubuntu 16.04 - step by step instructions with detailed illustrations
5 (100%) 1 vote [s]Download any Linux distribution of your choice. Usually Linux distributions are available for free download in ISO format. You can find the ISO file on the website of the distribution you want to install. This file must be burned to a CD before installing Linux. This disc is called a Live CD.
- You can boot the installer from the Live CD and run the system in test mode before installing.
- Install a program for mounting disk images or use the special built-in utility on Windows 7, 8 or Mac OS X.
Boot from Live CD. Most computers are configured to boot from the hard drive. This means that you need to change some settings in order to boot the system from the Live CD. First, restart your computer.
- Press the enter BIOS button during reboot. This button will be displayed on the same screen with the manufacturer's logo. For most computers, these are the F12, F2, or Del buttons.
- Windows 8 users need to hold down the Shift button and press restart. This will launch the advanced startup options, which can be configured to boot from CD.
- Go to the Boot menu and configure your computer to boot from CD. Then save the settings and exit the BIOS. Your computer will restart again.
- Press any key when you see the "Press any key to boot from CD" message.
Test your Linux distribution before installing. Most Live CDs can run the system prior to installation. You won't be able to create files, but you can appreciate the interface and decide if it works for you or not.
Begin the installation process. If you decide to test the distribution, you can start the installation using a file on your desktop. If you have not done so, the installation can be started from the disk boot menu.
- You will be prompted to make basic settings such as language, keyboard layout and time zone.
Create a username and password. To install Linux, you will need to create your account. You will need a password to log into Linux as well as to perform system tasks.
Create a section. Linux must be installed on a separate partition on which no other operating systems are installed. A partition is space on a hard disk dedicated to a specific operating system.
- Some distributions, such as Ubuntu, automatically detect the required partition. You can manually change it. Most Linux distributions require 4-5 GB of disk space, so make sure that in addition to the system, you also have enough space to install various programs and files.
- If the installer does not automatically detect the partition, make sure you create the partition in Ext4. If Linux is going to be the only operating system on the computer, you will most likely need to manually set the volume of the partition.
Start Linux. After the installation is complete, your computer will restart. During boot, you will see a new screen called GNU GRUB. This is a bootloader for Linux distributions. Choose your distribution from the list.
- If you have installed multiple distributions, all of them will be displayed in the list.
Check hardware operation. Most components should work with Linux without problems, although you may need to download some drivers separately.
- Some components require proprietary drivers to work correctly with Linux. Most often this applies to video cards. Usually a standard driver will suffice, but in order to use all the features of your video card, you will need to download proprietary drivers from the manufacturer.
- On Ubuntu, you can download proprietary drivers from the system settings menu. Click the Additional Drivers tab and select your graphics card from the list. In other distributions, additional drivers are installed in other ways.
- You can also find other drivers in the list, such as Wi-Fi drivers.
