Information and its role in modern society. The role and importance of information in society - abstract The role of information activity in modern society

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Introduction

1.2 Properties of information

1.4 Information processes

Conclusion

List of sources used

INTRODUCTION

Information has always played an extremely important role in human life. It is a well-known saying that the one who owns information also owns the world.

For a long time, the collection and systematization of information about the world around us helped a person survive in difficult conditions - from generation to generation experience and skills in making hunting and labor tools, creating clothes and medicines were passed on. The information was constantly updated and supplemented - each studied phenomenon made it possible to move on to something new, more complex. Over time, large amounts of data about the surrounding world contributed to the development of scientific and technological progress and, as a result, the whole society as a whole - a person learned to manage various types of matter and energy.

Over time, the role of information in human life has become more and more essential. It was necessary to study and understand not only the laws of nature, but also the concepts and values \u200b\u200bof human society - literature, art, architecture, etc.

In the modern society of the century, the role of information in human life is decisive - the more information he has, the higher its value in society.

The purpose of this work is to reveal the concept of information, and to indicate the place of information in modern society.

1. Information and its role in modern society

1.1 The concept of information and its types

Knowing the world around, a person constantly deals with information.

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine human existence apart from the concept of "information". The term information is used in many sciences and in many areas of human activity. It comes from the Latin word "informatio", which means "information, clarification, presentation."

Despite the familiarity of this term, there is no strict and generally accepted definition. In the literature, you can find a lot of definitions of this term, reflecting different approaches to the interpretation of this concept.

So in the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Information, Informatization and Protection of Information" the following definition is given: "information is information about persons, objects, facts, events, phenomena and processes, regardless of the form of their presentation." The Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” defines the concept of information as follows: “information (messages, data) regardless of the form of their presentation”.

In informatics, the following definition of the term information is most often used - this is conscious information about the world around, which is the object of storage, transformation, transmission and use. Information is knowledge expressed in signals, messages, news, notifications, etc.

The main types of information in its form of presentation, methods of coding and storage, which is of the greatest importance for computer science, are:

Graphic or pictorial - the first type for which a method of storing information about the world around was implemented in the form of rock paintings, and later in the form of paintings, photographs, diagrams, drawings on paper, canvas, marble and other materials depicting pictures of the real world;

Sound - the world around us is full of sounds and the task of storing and replicating them was solved with the invention of sound recording devices in 1877, its type is musical information - for this type, a method of encoding using special characters was invented, which makes it possible to store it similarly to graphic information ;

Text - a method of encoding a person's speech with special characters - letters, and different peoples have different languages \u200b\u200band use different sets of letters to display speech; this method became especially important after the invention of paper and book printing;

Numerical - a quantitative measure of objects and their properties in the surrounding world; it acquired particular importance with the development of trade, economy and monetary exchange; similarly to textual information, to display it, the method of encoding with special characters - numbers is used, and the coding (number) systems can be different;

Video information is a way of saving moving pictures of the surrounding world, which appeared with the invention of cinema.

There are also types of information for which methods of encoding and storing them have not yet been invented - these are tactile information transmitted by sensations, organoleptic, transmitted by smells and tastes, and other types for which modern science has not even found universally recognized definitions (for example, extrasensory information).

To transmit information over long distances, coded light signals were originally used, with the invention of electricity - transmission of a coded signal over wires, and later - using radio waves.

Information storage when using computers is carried out on magnetic disks or tapes, on laser disks (CD and DVD), special non-volatile memory devices (flash memory, etc.). These methods are constantly being improved, new devices and information carriers are invented. Information processing (reproduction, transformation, transmission, recording to external media) is performed by the computer processor. With the help of a computer, it is possible to create and store new information of any kind, for which special programs used on computers and information input devices are used.

A special type of information currently can be considered information presented in the global Internet. It uses special techniques for storing, processing, searching and transmitting large-scale distributed information and special methods of working with various types of information.

The software of leading developers (for example, Microsoft Corporation) is constantly being improved, which ensures collective work with corporate information of all kinds.

1.2 Properties of information

Like any object, information has properties. A characteristic distinguishing feature of information from other objects of nature and society is dualism: the properties of information are influenced by both the properties of the initial data that make up its content, and the properties of the methods that record this information.

The most important properties of information are its general qualitative properties: objectivity, reliability, completeness, accuracy, relevance, usefulness, value, timeliness, clarity, accessibility, brevity, etc.

Objectivity of information. Objective - existing outside and independently of human consciousness. Information is a reflection of the external objective world. Information is objective if it does not depend on the methods of its fixation, someone's opinion, judgment. For example, the message "It's warm outside" carries subjective information, and the message "It's 22 degrees Celsius outside" - objective, but with an accuracy that depends on the error of the measuring instrument.

Objective information can be obtained using measuring instruments. Reflecting in the consciousness of a particular person, information ceases to be objective, since it is transformed (to a greater or lesser extent) depending on the opinion, judgment, experience, knowledge of a particular subject.

Reliability of information. Information is reliable if it reflects the true state of affairs. Objective information is always reliable, but reliable information can be both objective and subjective. Reliable information helps us make the right decision.

Inaccurate information may be due to the following reasons:

Intentional distortion (misinformation) or unintentional distortion of a subjective property;

Distortion due to interference and insufficiently accurate measuring instruments.

Completeness of information. Information can be called complete if it is sufficient for understanding and making decisions. Incomplete information may lead to an erroneous conclusion or decision.

The accuracy of information is determined by the degree of its proximity to the real state of an object, process, phenomenon (error of the measuring instrument).

Relevance of information - importance for the present, topicality, urgency. Sometimes only timely information can be useful.

Usefulness (value) of information. Usefulness can be assessed in relation to the needs of its specific consumers and is assessed according to the tasks that can be solved with its help.

The most valuable information is objective, reliable, complete, and relevant. It should be borne in mind that biased, unreliable information (for example, fiction) is of great importance for a person.

Social (public) information also has additional properties:

It has a semantic (semantic) character, that is, conceptual, since it is in the concepts that the most essential features of objects, processes and phenomena of the surrounding world are generalized.

Has a linguistic nature (except for some types of aesthetic information, such as fine arts). One and the same content can be expressed in different natural (spoken) languages, written in the form of mathematical formulas, etc.

Over time, the amount of information grows, information accumulates, it is systematized, evaluated and generalized. This property was called the growth and cumulation of information. (Cumulation - from Lat; cumulatio - increase, accumulation).

Aging of information is about decreasing its value over time. The information is aged by the appearance of new information, which clarifies, supplements or rejects in whole or in part earlier. Scientific and technical information ages faster, aesthetic (works of art) - slower.

Consistency, compactness, convenient form of presentation facilitates understanding and assimilation of information.

1.3 The concept of the amount of information

The property of completeness of information implicitly assumes that it is possible to measure the amount of information. The amount of information is called a numerical characteristic of information, reflecting the degree of uncertainty that disappears after receiving information. The concepts of "information", "uncertainty", "choice" are closely related. For example, a person in the morning assumed that there might be precipitation during the day, or it might not, and if there is, then in the form of snow or rain, i.e. it is not clear - "whether it will be, or not, or rain, or snow." Then, looking out the window, I saw a cloudy sky and with a high probability assumed that there would be precipitation, i.e., having received information, I reduced the number of options. Then, looking at the outdoor thermometer, he saw that the temperature was negative, which means that precipitation should be expected in the form of snow. Thus, having received the latest data on the temperature, the person received complete information about the upcoming weather and excluded all but one choice options.

The information obtained reduces the number of possible choices (i.e. uncertainty), and complete information leaves no choices at all.

One bit is taken as a unit of information (eng. Bit - binary digit - binary digit). This is the amount of information at which the uncertainty, i.e. the number of choices is halved, or, in other words, it is an answer to a question that requires a one-word solution - yes or no.

A bit is too small a unit of information. In practice, larger units are often used, for example, a byte, which is a sequence of eight bits. It is eight bits, or one byte, that are used to encode alphabet characters, keys on a computer keyboard. One byte is also the minimum unit of addressable computer memory, i.e. memory can be accessed by a byte, not a bit.

Even larger derived units of information are widely used:

1 kilobyte (KB) \u003d 1024 bytes \u003d 210 bytes,

1 Megabyte (MB) \u003d 1024 KB \u003d 220 bytes,

1 Gigabyte (GB) \u003d 1024 MB \u003d 230 Bytes,

1 Terabyte (TB) \u003d 1024 GB \u003d 240 Bytes.

1.4 Information processes

Obtaining information is closely related to information processes. For the purposeful use of information, it must be collected, transformed, transmitted, accumulated and systematized. All these processes associated with certain operations with information are called information processes. There are the following types of information processes.

Data collection is the activity of a subject to accumulate data in order to ensure sufficient completeness. When combined with adequate methods, data generates information that can help in decision-making. For example, by being interested in the price of a product, its consumer properties, we collect information in order to make a decision: to buy or not to buy it.

Data transmission is the process of exchanging data. It is assumed that there is a source of information, a communication channel, a receiver of information, and agreements on the procedure for exchanging data have been adopted between them, these agreements are called exchange protocols. For example, in an ordinary conversation between two people, an agreement is tacitly accepted not to interrupt each other during the conversation.

Data storage is the maintenance of data in a form that is constantly ready for delivery to the consumer. The same data may be in demand more than once, so a method of storing it (usually on physical media) and methods of accessing it at the request of the consumer is being developed.

Data processing is the process of transforming information from its original form to a specific result. Collection, accumulation, storage of information is often not the final goal of the information process. Most often, primary data are used to solve a problem, then they are transformed step by step in accordance with the algorithm for solving the problem until obtaining

output data that, after analysis by the user, provide the necessary information.

1.5 The role of information in modern society

Humanity, from the day of its separation from the animal world, has devoted a significant part of its time and attention to information processes.

In our time, millions of people have become users of information. There are cheap computers available to millions of users. Computers have become multimedia, i.e. they process various types of information: sound, graphic, video, etc. This, in turn, gave impetus to the widest use of computers in various fields of science, technology, production, and everyday life.

Communication facilities have become ubiquitous, and computers are connected to computer networks for joint participation in the information process. A worldwide computer network, the Internet, has appeared, the services of which are used by a significant part of the world's population, quickly receiving and exchanging data, i.e. a single world information space is being formed.

At present, the circle of people involved in information processing has grown to an unprecedented size, and the exchange rate has become simply fantastic, computers are used in almost all areas of human life. Before our eyes, an information society is emerging, where the emphasis of attention and significance is shifting from traditional types of resources (material, financial, energy, etc.) to an information resource, which, although it always existed, was not considered either as an economic or as any other category. Information resources are individual documents and arrays of documents in libraries, archives, collections, data banks, information systems and other repositories. In other words, information resources are knowledge prepared by people for social use in society and recorded on material media. Information resources of a country, region, organization are increasingly considered as strategic resources, similar in importance to reserves of raw materials, energy, minerals and other resources.

The development of world information resources has made it possible to transform the provision of information services into a global human activity, to form a global and domestic market for information services, to increase the validity and efficiency of decisions made in firms, banks, stock exchanges, industry, and trade through the timely use of the necessary information.

In the modern world, the role of information, means of its processing, transmission and accumulation has grown immeasurably. The means of informatics and computer technology now largely determine the scientific and technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, the way of life and human activity.

Receiving and transforming information is a necessary condition for the life of society.

Information has become one of the most important strategic, managerial resources, along with resources - human, financial, material. Its production and consumption constitute the necessary basis for the effective functioning and development of various spheres of social life, and, above all, the economy. This means that not only sources of information in any part of our planet become available to everyone, but also the new information generated by them becomes the property of all mankind. In modern conditions, the right to information and access to it are of vital value for all members of society. The growing role of information in society has become the subject of scientific comprehension. Theories have been put forward explaining its place and significance. The most popular are the theories of the post-industrial and information society.

The world is entering a new era - the information era, the era of electronic economic activity, network communities and organizations without borders. The arrival of a new era will radically change the economic and social aspects of society. Such changes most directly affect the place of a person in the information world. A person changes in accordance with the vector of information and technical characteristics of society. However, this is not at all a passive acceptance of new conditions of production and consumption. A person acts as a subject of information reality, which goes far beyond information and technical characteristics. The informatization of everyday life and the emergence of a new information field of human existence do not pass without a trace for the human life world. In the electronic space, the behavioral standards and value orientations of the individual are changing.

New conditions for world mankind are manifested in a special form in Russia. Modern Russia is not yet an information society. First of all, because some of the information is not available to a wide range of users or is replaced by disinformation. However, the informatization of individual segments of social life, individual spheres of politics and economics will sooner or later create conditions for the emergence of a genuine social fabric of a new type, from which an information society can grow. Post-industrial trends can be quite organically combined with the peculiarities of Russian civilization.

The information society is often called a mass society and a consumer society. This is due to such informatization processes as the development of the sphere of mass communications. Global and local computer networks, cellular communications, television and radio broadcasting systems, being components of the information structure of society, also provide communication between people. Mass communication is one of the important phenomena of modern society, which noticeably affects the development of all technologies, information technologies in particular, both within each country and between countries. Often the processes of informatization are given a negative connotation, which is inherent in the consumer society. Many representatives of social and scientific thought see in informatization processes destructive for the spiritual sphere of society and associate information civilization with the antipode of culture and spirituality.

In the field of theoretical understanding of the ongoing processes, there is still no consensus regarding the ways of development of the information society, the priority of one or another of its directions, clarity and clarity of formulations and concepts that express what is happening in the information sphere. Therefore, a theoretical study of both conceptual and practical (real) prerequisites for understanding current information processes remains relevant.

information society resource world

CONCLUSION

In this work, the definition of the concept of information was given, its types were considered, the main properties of information were given. The concept of the amount of information is given. The main types of information processes are considered. The role and place of information in modern society is described. The objectives of the work are fulfilled.

Summing up, I would like to note that an information society is emerging before our eyes, where the emphasis of attention and significance is shifting from traditional types of resources (material, financial, energy, etc.) to an information resource, which, although it always existed, was not considered either as an economic , nor as any other category. Information begins to play a dominant role not only in traditional areas for it, but also in completely new ones. Society is entering a new information age.

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STATE BUDGETED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOCVA MEDICAL COLLEGE No. 2 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHCARE OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW

"THE ROLE OF INFORMATION ACTIVITY IN MODERN SOCIETY"

Completed: 1st year student Gr.

Checked:

Moscow, 2014
Content:
Introduction: ………………………………………………………… .3
1. Information Society: …………………………………… ..4
2. Information problem: ………………………………………… ..4
3. Distinctive features: ………………………………………… ... 5
4. Main characteristics: …………………………………… .... 6
5. Information processes in nature, society, technology:… .7
6. Interesting facts: …………………………………………… ... 12
Conclusion: ………………………………………………… ...… 12
Sources of information: ……………………………………… ... 13

IN E D E N I E

This essay will talk about activities and about a society in which information plays an important role.
Information (from Lat. Informatio - "explanation, presentation, awareness") - information about something, regardless of the form of their presentation. Currently, there is no single definition of information as a scientific term.
Activity - the process (processes) of active interaction of the subject with the object, during which the subject satisfies any of his needs, reaches the goal.
Society, in a broad sense, is a part of the material world, isolated from nature, but closely related to it, consisting of people united by historically established forms of interaction.

Information society

The information society is a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.

Information problem
The problem of information in general and management as an information process are given great attention due to the following objective processes:
humanity is experiencing an information explosion. The growth of information circulating and stored in society came into conflict with the individual capabilities of a person to assimilate it: the development of mass communication processes;
the need to develop a general information theory;
development of cybernetics as a science of management;
penetration of information technologies into the spheres of social life;
research in the field of natural sciences confirms the role of information in the processes of self-organization of animate and inanimate nature;
actualization of the problem of sustainable development, the formation of an information economy, the main driving force of which is information potential, information resources;
the problem of the prospects for the development of mankind as a whole makes it necessary to raise the question of the criteria for progress in modern conditions.

Distinctive features
increasing the role of information, knowledge and information technology in the life of society;
an increase in the number of people engaged in information technology, communications and the production of information products and services in the gross domestic product;
the growing informatization of society using telephony, radio, television, the Internet, as well as traditional and electronic media;
creation of a global information space that provides:

1.effective information interaction of people,
2.their access to world information resources
3. meeting their needs for information products and services.

Characteristics of the information society according to the criteria:
Technological: the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life.
Social: information ...

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Topic 1. Informational human activity Lecture 1.1. Introduction. The role of information activities in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres. The importance of informatics in the development of vocational education specialties. The main stages of the development of the information society.

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Informatics is a science that studies the laws, methods and ways of accumulating, processing and transmitting information using computers and other technical means. Information (fr. Informatique; eng. Computer science) - the science of methods and processes of collection, storage, processing, transmission, analysis and evaluation of information using computer technologies that provide the ability to use it for decision-making. Informatics

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Historically, the word informatics comes from the French word Informatique, formed by combining the terms Information (information) and Automatique (automation). Despite the widespread use of the term computer science in a number of countries in Eastern Europe, in most countries in Western Europe and the United States, a different term is used - Computer Science (the science of computer technology). It is customary to name two sciences as sources of informatics: documentary science and cybernetics. Documentary, the subject of which was the study of rational means and methods of increasing the efficiency of document circulation, was formed at the end of the 19th century in connection with the rapid development of industrial relations. It flourished in the 20s - 30s of the XX century. The closest thing to computer science is the technical science of cybernetics (kyberneticos), the foundations of which were laid in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Cybernetics (from ancient Greek. Κυβερνητική "the art of management") is the science of the general laws of obtaining, storing, transforming and transmitting information in complex control systems, be it machines, living organisms or society. Interestingly, the term "cybernetics" was first introduced by the French physicist Andre Marie Ampere in the first half of the 19th century. He was engaged in the development of a unified classification system for all sciences and designated with this term a hypothetical science of management, which did not exist at that time, but which, in his opinion, should have existed. A bit of history ...

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Theoretical computer science is a mathematical discipline that uses the methods of mathematics to build and study models of processing, transmission and use of information; it creates the theoretical foundation on which the entire building of computer science is built. Cybernetics is the science of control in living, inanimate and artificial systems. Cybernetics can be considered as applied informatics in the field of creation and use of automatic or automated control systems of varying degrees of complexity: from control of an individual object (machine tool, industrial plant, car, etc.) - to the most complex control systems for entire industries, banking systems, systems connections and even communities of people. The most actively developing technical cybernetics, the results of which are used for management in industry and science. Programming is a field of activity aimed at creating individual programs and packages of applied programs, developing programming languages, creating operating systems, organizing the interaction of computers using communication protocols. Artificial intelligence, the purpose of work in the field of which is aimed at revealing the secrets of the creative activity of people, their ability to master skills, knowledge and abilities. Research in the field of artificial intelligence is necessary when creating robots, creating knowledge bases and expert systems based on these knowledge bases, the use of which is also necessary in legal activity. Information systems - systems designed for storing, searching and issuing information at the request of users. In legal practice, examples of such systems are the legal information systems "Kodeks", "Garant", "Consultant", information systems for storing and searching for various records (fingerprint, surname, bullet-proof, stolen and discovered things, etc.). The task of transferring all records into electronic form and organizing access to them through a computer network is currently very relevant. Computing technology is an independent direction in which some of the tasks are not directly related to informatics (microelectronics), however, in the development, design and manufacture of computers, the achievements of informatics are most widely used. Information security is a field of activity aimed at generalizing techniques, developing methods and means of protecting data. The main directions of informatics

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The first "information breakthrough" is associated with the invention of writing. This led to a giant leap forward in quality and quantity. The possibility of transferring knowledge from generation to generation has appeared. The second "information breakthrough" (mid-16th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which radically changed industrial society, its culture and organization of activities. The third "information breakthrough" (late 19th century) is associated with the appearance of the telegraph, telephone, radio, which made it possible to quickly transmit and accumulate information in any volume. Undoubtedly, this stage is due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which new progressive means of communication appeared. The fourth "information breakthrough" (70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the emergence of a personal computer. Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) are created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. We are experiencing the fifth "information breakthrough" today. This stage is associated with the formation and development of cross-border global information and telecommunication networks, covering all countries and continents, penetrating into every house and affecting simultaneously on each person individually and on huge masses of people. The most striking example of such a phenomenon and the result of the fifth revolution is the Internet. The essence of this revolution lies in the integration in a single information space around the world of software and hardware, communications and telecommunications, information stocks or stocks of knowledge as a single information telecommunications infrastructure, in which legal entities and individuals, state authorities and local governments are actively operating. As a result, the speeds and volumes of processed information are incredibly increasing, new unique opportunities for the production, transmission and distribution of information, search and receipt of information, new types of traditional activities in these networks appear. "Information breakthroughs"

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The role of information activity in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres Computer in various spheres of human activity Robots and manipulators

Humanity, from the day of its separation from the animal world, has devoted a significant part of its time and attention to information processes.

Receiving and transforming information is a necessary condition for the life of society.

information society resource world

The role of information activities in modern society

Receiving and processing information is a necessary condition for the life of any organism. Living beings are able not only to perceive information from the environment with the help of their senses, but also to exchange it among themselves.

Information has always played an important role in human life. Getting to know the world around, a person constantly deals with information. It helps a person correctly assess the events that are taking place, make a deliberate decision, and find the most successful option for their actions. Intuitively, we understand that information is what each of us adds to our own knowledge base. Information is also a powerful means of influencing the individual and society as a whole. Whoever possesses the greatest amount of information on any issue is always in a more advantageous position compared to others. It is a well-known saying that the one who"Who owns the information, he owns the world."

Information - this is information about the surrounding world (object, process, phenomenon, event).

By the way of perception: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory.

By the form of presentation: text, numerical, graphic, musical.

For a long time, the collection and systematization of information about the world around us helped a person to survive in difficult conditions - from generation to generation, experience and skills in making hunting and labor tools, creating clothes and medicines were passed on. The information was constantly updated and supplemented - each studied phenomenon made it possible to move on to something new, more complex.

Over time, large amounts of data about the world around us contributed to the development of scientific and technological progress and, as a result, the whole society as a whole.

In the middle of the 20th century, after the widespread use of computing technology began in France, the term was introduced Informatics.

Over time, the role of information in human life has become more and more essential. Now, in the first half of the XXI century, the role of information in human life is decisive - the more skills and knowledge he has, the more he is valued as a specialist and employee.

The present time is characterized by an unprecedented growth in the volume of information flows. This applies to almost any area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity. The largest growth in the volume of information is observed in industry, trade, financial and educational spheres.

Information has become one of the most important strategic and managerial resources, along with resources - human, financial, material. The use of microprocessor technology, electronic computers and personal computers has led to a radical transformation of relations and technological foundations of activities in various spheres of public life: production and consumption, financial activity and trade, the social structure of society and political life, the service sector and spiritual culture.

In recent decades, there has been persistent talk about the transition from an “industrial society” to an “information society”.

Information society- a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.

Information activities - activities that ensure the collection, processing, storage, search and distribution of information, as well as the formation of an information resource and the organization of access to it.

The use of modern information technologies provides almost instant connection to any electronic information arrays (such as databases, electronic directories and encyclopedias, various operational reports, analytical reviews, legislative and regulatory acts, etc.) coming from international, regional and national information systems and their use in the interests of successful business.

As a result of combining various information networks, it became possible to create a global information system Internet, which allows information services to be conducted according to the principle "always and everywhere: 365/366 days, 24 hours a day, anywhere in the world."

Thanks to the rapid development of the latest information technologies, at present not only has an open access to the world flow of political, financial, scientific and technical information, but also the possibility of building a global business on the Internet has become a real possibility.

economic sphere, then the main goal of information technology is to obtain the information necessary for the user as a result of targeted actions on processing primary data. For example, there is data on any production: the cost of raw materials, energy costs, wages for workers, etc. It is necessary to calculate the cost of the goods received, profit. You can read it manually according to well-known formulas, or you can use ready-made programs that will calculate everything and give the information necessary for the user.

That is, an economic information system is a system, the functioning of which in time consists in collecting, storing, processing and disseminating information about the activities of any real economic object.

Economic: information is used as a resource, service, product, source of added value and employment, and electronic business is developing. There is no need to send a representative to a business partner from another region, documents are certified with an electronic digital signature. There is no need to waste time choosing a product, just look through the catalog of the e-store You do not need to visit the tax office to submit tax returns. No need to waste time on the road to get the job done (for some professional activities). You do not need to go to the ticket office to buy a train ticket, it is enough to order and pay remotely.

If we consider information activities in social sphere, it is clear that the information has become more accessible to humans. Now there are a large number of sources of information, these are traditional newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and now a computer, the Internet, a cell phone, etc. If earlier information was printed on paper, then only reached a person, now television, radio and the Internet transmit any information in real time "right there". Even with a cell phone, you will be informed about natural disasters, sales or discounts. All this makes the social sphere more informational. And various social networks on the Internet allow people to communicate at a great distance from each other, as well as transmit any information, be it photos or important documents.

With the help of information technology, society is becoming more literate, since you can quickly find answers to the right questions, as well as get the right advice. The very name "information society" first appeared in Japan in the mid-1960s. The specialists who proposed this term explained that it characterizes a society in which high-quality information circulates in abundance, and also has all the necessary means for its storage, distribution and use. Information is easily and quickly disseminated according to the requirements of interested people and organizations and is issued to them in a form that is familiar to them. The distinctive features of the information society are: openness, manufacturability (a feature of informatization), intelligence, access to world information resources, a high degree of security, flexibility and self-organization of the above systems. In such a society, accelerated automation and robotization of all branches of production and management is observed, and radical changes in social structures are taking place.

Social: information acts as an important stimulant to change the quality of life. To get specialist advice, the patient does not need to go to the medical center, but it will be enough to leave his documents on the portal and at the appointed time get in touch with a specialized doctor (telemedicine). To get help in an emergency, it is enough to use a single emergency number (for example, the "Care" system, which will be described in more detail in one of the following lectures). To get a student to school, it is enough to download a set of textbooks from the regional educational portal and save them in an electronic book.

If we consider information activities in cultural sphere, then it is clear that on the one hand, with the help of so many information sources, it is possible to maintain and develop cultural activities, and on the other hand, it is possible to destroy the entire culture of humanity. With the help of television, the Internet, you can easily broadcast various concerts, performances, teach culture, ethics. On the other hand, due to such extensive information, the lack of culture coming from abroad is being introduced into our life. With the advent of the computer, many people stopped going to theaters, meeting each other, etc. All this replaces communication on the Internet and television.

Information activity and culture are inextricably linked with the media. The mass media radically changes our way of life, changes our fashion, tells us how to eat right, what we can believe, etc. With the help of the media, it is possible to introduce a particular cultural environment into society.

Cultural: recognizing the cultural value of information (eg, UNESCO's Digital Heritage Project). To select literature on a topic of interest, it is enough to use the electronic catalog of any library throughout the country. To visit a foreign museum, it is enough to visit the corresponding website. To get an education at any university in the world, you need to turn to its distance learning resources.

And information activity has a directly important role in educational environment... With the help of information technology, it has become more accessible to convey information not only by communication between a teacher and a student, but also visually, using slides with photographs, graphs, tables. And also it became possible to find any educational information in the shortest possible time, without flipping through multi-page books. Now modern libraries are equipped with electronic libraries and catalogs. And you can also find many electronic libraries on the Internet.

In the educational process, it is not information technologies themselves that are important, but the extent to which their use serves to achieve the actual educational goals. When choosing technologies, it is necessary to take into account the greatest correspondence of some technologies to the characteristic features of the trainees, the specific features of specific subject areas, the prevailing types of educational tasks and exercises.

Educational technologies include: video lectures; multimedia lectures and laboratory workshops; electronic multimedia textbooks; computer training and testing systems; simulation models and computer simulators; consultations and tests using telecommunication means; video conferencing.

Free access to any information. But the existing problem of selection of high-quality and reliable information is not being solved.

The possibility of receiving distance education.

Provides a lot of opportunities for human creativity. We create a lot of creative Internet pages, write music on home workstations and post them again on the Internet for free access, create video films, video clips and video clips (for example, on YouTube), do computer design and graphics, do cartoons, etc.

Provides opportunities for unlimited communication. We make friends not only at school, at work, but also abroad, on the Internet, in blogs, etc. This communication is not limited either by time or space.

Increasing the influence of the media on society