Window Management Unless your monitor has a giant screen size, be prepared to spend quite a bit of time moving the Visual Basic Editor windows. These windows do not exist so much to look at them as to provide

Differences Between Watches and Locals In addition to choosing the objects that appear in the Watches window, the Watches window differs from the Locals window in the following ways: * Each of the lines in the Watches window allows you to control the value of any valid VBA expression, not just a single variable.

2.2.1. Switching Between Windows Windows is a multitasking operating system. That is, you can work simultaneously in several programs and switch between them. I will explain how this is done. So, now you have the My Computer window open, minimize it to the panel

1.4. Advanced Window Management In previous versions of Windows, window management was not very convenient. Windows 7 introduces a number of keyboard shortcuts that greatly simplify the work with windows. We will cover all these key combinations in the chapter

3.5. Working with windows You have probably already guessed that we are not going to talk about how to minimize, maximize or close a window. I hope all readers of this book can do this. Instead, we'll take a look at a number of keyboard shortcuts for working with windows that

Window Management In the previous section of the essay, we talked about ways to launch applications, and in this section we will talk about ways to manage applications that are already running. Since we (still) live in what is officially called the X Window System, most of

Hello dear users! The topic of today's article will be - speeding up and simplifying the use of a computer keyboard. I want to note that the keyboard shortcuts listed below are not all of the hotkeys functionality, since each program uses certain combinations.

But even with those listed in this article, most users almost never meet, although their use greatly simplifies the work with a PC if you get used to it. Plus, if you have any problems with your mouse, you can control it without it!

Of course, remembering everything at once is very difficult, so you can add this article to your Bookmarks and spy on it at any time. At the beginning of the article, I will separately highlight those keyboard shortcuts that I use almost every day, and then I will list those that I know and their functions.

Windows hotkeys

So, let's proceed directly to the description of the main features of the so-called hot keys.

Here are the main keys that I use every day:

Win + d - show desktop

Ctrl + Tab - switch between tabs in the browser

Alt + Tab - switch between open windows

F5 - refresh the page in the browser

Ctrl + Home - go to the top of the page or file

Ctrl + End - go to the end of the page or file

Win + E - Open Windows Explorer

Alt + Enter - View file properties in Windows Explorer

Win + R - open the Run menu

Win + Break - view system information

Print Screen - take a screenshot of the current view

F6 - Go to the address bar of your browser (Ctrl + L also works in Firefox)

F2 - Rename a file or folder

F1 - use the help menu for any open applications

Win + F - Search for files using Windows search

Ctrl + T - open a new tab (Works with Firefox, IE7)

Ctrl + A - select the entire content of the page or document

Ctrl + C - copy all selected data

Ctrl + X - cut all information

Ctrl + V - paste the copied information

Ctrl + O - Open file

Ctrl + P - print files

Ctrl + Shift + P - Show Print Preview

Clicking on the mouse wheel - in the browser opens the document in a new tab

Now let's see another selection of keys.

Switch between applications.

Alt + tab - switch between active windows

alt + Shift + Tab - switch forward between applications (press Shift again to reverse order)

Alt + Ctrl + tab - pressing once, you can switch between windows using the arrows without holding the combination

Alt + Esc / Alt + Shift + Esc - switch between active windows in the taskbar

Win + Tab - 3D window switching

Ctrl + Win + Tab - pressing once, you can switch between windows using 3D window switching

Win + g - show all desktop gadgets on top of other windows

Move and resize the active window.

Win + ↓ - minimize the window

Win + - maximize the window to full screen

Win + Shift + / Win + Shift + ↓ - expand the window as far as possible vertically / return to its place

Win + → / Win + ← - shift the window to the right / shift the window to the left

Win + Shift + → / Win + Shift + ← - when using multiple monitors, move the window in the left / in the right monitor

Alt + spacebar - Opens the title menu

Alt + Space + Enter - restore the original window size

F11 - on / off page full screen

Multiple window management.

Win + d - minimize / maximize all windows on all monitors

Win + m - minimize all windows on the current monitor

Win + Shift + m - maximize all windows on the current monitor

Win + Home - minimize all windows on the current monitor, except for the active one

Win + spacebar - show desktop / make all windows transparent (may not work with all settings)

Access to Windows components.

Win + e - launch Windows Explorer

Win + r - bring up the Run window

Win + f - Opens Windows Search. F3 is also possible on the desktop

Win + l - lock keyboard / computer

Win + F1 - Calls the Help window

Alt + Shift - change the keyboard language if multiple layouts are active

shift when starting CD or DVD - cancel autostart when loading media

Win + p - select presentation display mode

Windows 7 taskbar.

win (ctrl) + Esc - open the Start panel. Then use the arrow keys, spacebar, and enter keys to navigate the Start menu

Win + t - go to the first item in the taskbar, continue using the arrows

Win + b - go to the first item in the system tray (near the clock)

Shift + click on the desired object - open the object

Ctrl + Shift + click on the desired object - open the file as administrator

Shift + right-click - show the program menu window

Win + 1 ... 9 - go to the program corresponding to the number in order from the taskbar

Shift + Win + 1 ... 9 - open a new program window corresponding to the number in order from the taskbar

Unfortunately Microsoft has removed the ability to select multiple taskbar items in Windows 7

Navigating the desktop.

Arrows - switch between icons on the desktop

Home / End - select the first / last object on the desktop

Enter - launch the active icon

Shift + F10 - enable the context menu of the active icon (replaces the right mouse button)

tab / shift + tab on blank desktop - switch between desktop, quick launch bar, taskbar and notification bar. Use the arrow keys to navigate to the desired application to activate it.

a, b, c,… - by clicking on the initial letter of the name of any object, the corresponding application or folder will be highlighted. Continue typing the name of the item if multiple items start with the same letter

Windows Explorer.

The main

Win + e - open the My Computer window

Alt + - go back (replaces the Back arrow)

Alt + ← / Alt + → - go to the previous / next folder

Tab / Shift + Tab - switch forward / backward between the search address bar list, toolbar, navigation area and file list (it is usually selected by default)

Alt + d or f4 - go to the address bar

Ctrl + e or ctrl + f - go to Search

Ctrl + n - open a new window My Computer

F11 - maximize window to full screen

Working with a list of files

Alt + p - show / hide preview

Ctrl + rotate with mouse wheel - resize icons

Arrow keys - Move between files and folders

Enter - open file and folder

Home / End - go to the first / last file

F2 - change the name of the active file

Shift + arrow keys - Select multiple objects in a row

ctrl - using an additional space and enter, you can select multiple objects randomly

Ctrl + a - select all

a… z and 1..9 - click on the first letter of any element to move to it. Continue typing the full name if multiple items start with the same letter

Ctrl + c, ctrl + x, ctrl + v - copy, cut, paste

Delete - remove to trash

Shift + Delete - completely delete a file from the computer

Shift + F10 - call the context menu (replaces the right mouse button)

Ctrl + Shift + n - create a new folder

Alt + Enter - open file / folder properties

View pictures and photos.

← / → or space - next / previous picture

Ctrl +. (y) - rotate the photo clockwise

Ctrl +, (b) - rotate the photo counterclockwise

[+ / -] - Zoom in / out (or with the mouse wheel)

Delete - remove the picture to the basket

Shift + Delete - complete picture deletion

Alt + Enter - show properties of the current photo

Alt + e or ctrl + s - attach a photo to an email (if associated with an email program)

Ctrl + c - copy the file to the clipboard

Alt + o - open the current photo in another application, such as Paint

For the administrator.

Ctrl + Win + f - Search for computers (if Active Directory Domain Service is enabled)

Win + pause / break - show information about your PC system

Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Call the Task Manager (replaces Ctrl + Alt + Delete) without closing the desktop

Alt + Page Up / Page Down - move between programs from left to right / right to left

Alt + Insert - switch between programs

Alt + Home - display the Start menu (in the browser, returns to the home page)

Ctrl + Alt + pause / break - switch between window and full screen view

Ctrl + Alt + End - Open the Windows Security dialog box

Alt + Delete - Display the system menu

Windows Assistant.

Alt + c - display Contents

Alt + n - Opens the Connection Settings menu

F10 - Display the Options menu

Alt + Arrow Left / Alt + Arrow Right - view the previous / next viewed topic

Alt + a - opens the customer support page

Alt + Home - Display help and home page

Home / End - move to the beginning / end of the topic

Ctrl + f - Search for the current topic. Press tab to close search

Ctrl + p - print topic

F3 - Move cursor to search field. Press the tab key to return to the topic

For using a magnifier.

Win + u - Open the Ease of Access Center window

Press Shift 5 times - turn sticky keys on / off

Win + [+] - turn on the magnifier and increase

Win + - - decrease

Ctrl + Alt + i - invert colors in the display magnifier

Win + Esc - exit the magnifying glass

Ctrl + Alt + Arrow Keys - Move the magnifier window

(Important!) Some of the hotkeys listed may not be available to all PC users.

This video will make you smile:

That's all! Today we reviewed the hotkeys that can be used in Windows 7. In the near future I will describe the main hotkeys for Windiws 8. Hopefully, this article will make your work at the computer easier and faster!

Subscribe to new interesting articles! I wish you success!

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Since Windows is a multitasking system, you can open several windows in it at once, switching from one window to another if necessary. Among all open windows, one is active - this is the window with which they are working at the moment, and the rest are inactive or passive .

Active window signs:

The active window title is brighter than other window titles.

The active window button in the Taskbar appears to be pressed, while the buttons of other windows appear to be depressed.

The active window is on top of other windows.

For the operating system, all open windows are considered tasks, regardless of whether an application window or a folder is open. Switching to another task means making the corresponding window active.

Ways to switch between windows:

click on the window button in the taskbar;

click on any visible area of \u200b\u200ban inactive window;

use the Alt + Tab key combination - press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press the Tab key. A panel with icons of all open windows will appear. When the desired icon is highlighted, release both keys.

Alt + Esc - switches between non-minimized windows.

b) Creating folders and files in the windows environmentIn order to create a new file or folder in any other folder on your computer disk, you need to do the following sequence of actions: go to the folder in which you want to create a new folder or file. This can also be the root partition of your disk; right-click on any point free of icons in the folder you open in the main working window of the Explorer; in the menu that appears, select the New item and in it specify the type of file object you want to create. By default Windows offers to create the following types of file objects: Folder - a new folder; Shortcut - new shortcut; Briefcase - portfolio; Bitmap Image - graphic file; Text Document - a text document in Pain Text format; WAV sound (Wave Sound) - sound file; Compressed ZIP folder - a folder compressed using the WinZIP archiver built into Windows XP. If your system has additional applications and software packages installed, such as Microsoft Office or any graphics editors, this menu may also contain other items such as a vector drawing, Word document or Microsoft Excel sheet. After the new object is created, you need to enter its name from the keyboard. The name can be specified in both Latin and Cyrillic characters.

at) File name extension (English filename extension, often just a file extension or extension) - a sequence of characters added to the file name and intended to identify the type (format) of the file. This is one of the common ways in which a user or computer software can determine the type of data stored in a file. The extension is usually separated from the main part of the filename by a period. In CP / M and MS-DOS operating systems, the extension length was limited to three characters; in modern operating systems, this limitation is absent. Sometimes several extensions can be used, following each other, for example, ".tar.gz". In the FAT16 file system, the file name and extension were separate entities, and the dot separating them was not really part of the full file name and served only to visually separate the file name from the extension. In FAT32 and NTFS file systems, a period has become a common legal character in a file name, therefore restrictions on the number of dots in a file name in these systems and their location have been removed (with some exceptions, for example, all endpoints in file names are simply dropped). Therefore, the standard search pattern *. * No longer makes practical sense, it is enough to specify *, since the dot symbol now falls under the concept of any symbol.

22. a) Clipboard (eng. clipboard) - an intermediate data storage provided by software and designed to transfer or copy between applications or parts of one application. An application can use its own clipboard, available only in it, or a common one, provided by the operating system or other environment through a specific interface. The clipboard of some environments allows you to paste copied data in different formats, depending on the receiving application, interface element, and other circumstances. For example, text copied from a word processor can be pasted with markup into applications that support it and as plain text into others. You can paste an object from the clipboard as many times as you like. As a rule, when information is copied to the clipboard, its previous contents disappear. But, for example, Microsoft Office contains several buffers, so it can store several pieces of information at the same time. Some desktop environments include a program to log the last buffer values \u200b\u200band retrieve those that have already been overwritten. !!! Hot keys for using the clipboard

A list of some of the so-called hot keys that will make working with your computer a little more convenient and quick. The list is, of course, incomplete, but includes the basic keys and keyboard shortcuts that a novice user needs to know. In addition, it is very useful to get used to controlling your computer using the keyboard (in case if the mouse refused, eg).

Del (or Delete) - used to delete files.

Win (button with window image Windows in the bottom row of keys on your keyboard) - brings up the "Start" menu.

Ctrl + Esc - also brings up the Start menu.

Alt left + Shift Is a keyboard shortcut usually in Windows switches the input language.

F1 - call Windows Help.

F10 - activates the menu bar of an open program.

Enter - the equivalent of clicking on the highlighted button.

Esc - the equivalent of clicking a button Cancel.

Pause - if you press this button on the keyboard while the computer is booting, you can view information about it: the frequency of its processor, the size of the hard disk, the capacity of the RAM, etc. After viewing this information, to further boot the computer, press the key Esc.

Prt Scr (Print Screen) - By pressing this key, you can take a snapshot of your computer monitor screen. Then just open some graphics editor like Paint, and paste the image from the clipboard there (to paste, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + V, or just click Edit\u003e Paste in the program menu. Then save the picture in JPEG or JIF format. For Windows Vista: If instead of Prt Scr press the key combination Alt + Print Screen, Windows Vista will copy not the entire screen to the clipboard, but only the current window that is displayed on the screen.

Shift - if this key is held down, then when a CD is inserted, the autostart procedure (AutoRun or CD-player) is canceled.

PageUp - scrolls up the page of an open document or browser.

PageDown - scrolls down the page of an open document or browser. Keyboard shortcuts:

Ctrl + Esc - opens the menu START.

Alt + Tab - switching between open programs.

Alt + Tab + Shift - switch between open programs in the opposite direction.

Alt + F4 - closes the current window.

Shift + Del - deleting an object without moving it to BASKET.

Ctrl + O - calls the "Open Document" window in any program.

Ctrl + W - closes the document in any program.

Ctrl + A - by pressing, you can select the entire document in any program.

Ctrl + S - saves the document in any program.

Ctrl + C - click to copy the selected part of the document or file to Clipboard.

Ctrl + V - click to insert part of the document or file from Clipboard.

Win + Pause / Break - opening the control panel window System-properties.

Win + R - opening the "Run Program" window (the same as START → RUN).

Win + D - minimizes all currently open windows.

Win + F - opens a window SEARCH.

Win + Tab - switches between buttons on Task Panels.

Standard hotkeys for working with the clipboard used in graphical user interfaces on PC-compatible PCs (for PC101 keyboard with QWERTY layout): Copy selected objects to the clipboard: Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Ins. Cut selected objects to the clipboard (for moving): Ctrl + X or ⇧ Shift + Del. Paste from clipboard: Ctrl + V or ⇧ Shift + Ins. Although these are the most common shortcuts, some applications may use different keyboard shortcuts. For example, in the X Window System, in addition to the above-described clipboard, a "selection" clipboard is available, for copying into which it is enough just to select the desired part of the text, and for pasting it is enough to press the middle mouse button or simultaneously left and right buttons (imitation of the middle button).

b). Context menu (English context menu) in a graphical user interface is a menu that opens, as a rule, when the second button of the pointing input device is pressed. This menu displays commands provided by the object (context) that was under the pointer at the time of its call, and general commands. The presence of a context menu and its contents depend on the operating environment and the specific program.

e). Windows main menu (Start Menu) is a Microsoft Windows menu launched by pressing the Start button on the taskbar or by pressing the Windows logo key on your keyboard. It is the central starting point for launching programs as well as opening recent documents and accessing system properties. First appeared in Windows 95. Starting with Windows XP, there are two options: "Classic" - similar to that found in Windows Me / 2000/98/95, and "Standard" - by default in Windows XP, Windows Vista, in which you can run frequently used programs. In Windows 7, there is only a standard version of the Start menu, but the classic one is not. Windows XP Start Menu: Displaying username and avatar Accessing the browser and E-mail client Accessing frequently used programs Opening special folders Turning off the computer

23. TEXT EDITOR WORD General presentation The Word text editor is designed to compose any documents: business and personal. Word is launched either through Start -Programs - Microsoft Word, or by double-clicking on the program's shortcut (if there is one on the desktop). On startup, a new document named Document1 (DOC1.DOC) is automatically opened. This name remains until you change it when you save it to disk. Title bar Program menu bar Title bar Toolbar Document toolbar Standard formatting Ruler Scroll bar Status bar Figure 1 Microsoft Word window There is a vertical cursor on the screen in the workspace. Recall that the TEXT CURSOR is a vertical stroke that indicates where the next moment the text will be entered. You can move the text cursor INSIDE THE TEXT using the mouse (for this you need to click the mouse button in the place where you want to place the cursor) or using the cursor keys and the following keyboard shortcuts: +  - move one word to the right; +  - move one word to the left; +  - move one paragraph up; 2. +  - move one paragraph down; + Go to page up; + Page down; + - go to the beginning of the text; + - jump to the end of the text At least some of these keys are worth remembering. If you choose to never use them, then you will act like someone who bought a car and decided to always walk. You can determine where the text cursor is located by the STATUS LINE: the current previous current characters page page / total line to the left of the cursor pages distance from the top edge of the sheet  Figure 2 Status bar  This is how the status bar looks when the mouse pointer is in the work area. If you point to a toolbar button or select a menu item, a tooltip for the button or command will appear in the status bar.  Please note that when using the scroll bar, the text cursor DOES NOT CHANGE its position, only the borders of the visible area of \u200b\u200bthe document change! Entering and Editing Text Before typing, it is advisable to make some settings, such as: page parameters, borders of the text area. 1. Setting page margins: menu command File o Page settings, tab Margins. 2. Setting the visibility of the border of the text area Tools to Options…, tab View and Borders of the text area (tick). The creation of a document begins with the input of information, and only then is it just formalized and printed. A punctuation mark is placed immediately after the word (no space). A space is placed after the punctuation mark. Formatting toolbars and the Horizontal coordinate ruler Buttons Formatting bars Left alignment Center alignment Right alignment Width justification Numbered list (for more details, use the Format - List menu item) Bullet list (for more details, use the Format - List menu item) Decrease the paragraph indent on the left Increase the indent on the left Paragraph formatting from 1. Select the paragraph using a border and 2. Call the Format - Border and shading fill dialog box 3. In the Border tab type field, set Frame, select the line type, width and color 4. In the Fill of the Fill bookmark choose a color, in the Pattern field the type of pattern 5. Click OK Setting paragraph indents using the Horizontal coordinate ruler Left indent regardless of the first line Indent right Indent left Indent of the first line Figure 3 Horizontal ruler Design of headings and subheadings When designing headings and subheadings The following rules must be observed: 8. 1. Headings are written in capital letters 2. Word hyphenation in headings is not allowed 3. The big heading is divided by meaning into several lines 4.

MICROSOFT WORD is a word processing application. It can be used to create letters, reports, invoices, brochures, novels, and other text documents. A text document is any information represented by symbols on a computer keyboard. Documents created in WORD can contain both text and graphics and other objects, such as sound and video clips. WORD makes it easy to format characters and paragraphs. Built-in spelling and grammar checkers check your document not only after completion, but also during creation. The existing tools for working with objects allow you to create attractive documents for printing, display and placement in the INTERNET. Finally, HTML support provides a good tool for aspiring web page designers. Loading WOPD. Standard: Start Programs Microsoft WORD Via the Microsoft OFFICE panel Via the program shortcut. By opening a WORD document. Screen view. The WORD program window contains standard window controls: Title; Menu bar; Toolbars - Standard and Formatting; Scroll bars; Status bar. The WORD program menu bar consists of the following sections: File - work with document files. Edit - editing a document. View - setting the program window and document type. Insert - inserts pictures, diagrams, mathematical formulas, non-standard symbols and other objects into the document. Format - document formatting (setting font, paragraph, style, etc.). Service - service functions (spell check, WORD settings). Table - work with tables. Window - work with document windows. ? - help information about WORD. Usually on the screen we see two toolbars Standard and Formatting. They contain buttons for quick access to menu commands. If you hover the mouse pointer over any button, a tooltip appears, and a short description of this command appears in the status bar. Let's consider some of the commands of the first three menu items, while studying the corresponding buttons. File menu. Create. When this menu item is selected, a dialog box opens in which we can select a template for the created document: General, Letters and Faxes, Notes, Other documents, WEB pages. The New button on the toolbar quickly creates a regular document. Open. When this menu item is selected, a dialog box opens in which we can find the required document in order to read, correct or print it. This menu item corresponds to the Open button on the toolbar. Close. This command closes the open document. It corresponds to the y button in the upper right corner of the document window. Save. This command is designed to save the currently open document. When you first select this command or when you click the save button, a dialog box appears in which we can specify the name of the file in which the document will be saved and, if necessary, the folder. When you select this command again, the document will be saved in the same file. Save As ... If you need to make a copy of the document or save it to another location (for example, on a floppy disk), then use this command. In the dialog box, you need to specify a different name or path. Page settings. This command sets the page parameters for placing the document on it. The dialog box consists of 4 tabs: Margins, Paper Size, Paper Source and Layout. Let's consider the first two. The Margins tab sets the margins from the edges of the paper to the beginning of the text. The distance is indicated in cm. On the Paper Size tab, we can select a standard size or specify it in cm (if the printer allows it) and the orientation of the text on the sheet - Portrait or Landscape. Preview. This command shows how the document will look when printed. To her

Keyboard shortcuts in Word: 1. Selecting text by words - Shift + Ctrl + cursor. Selects text not by characters, but by words, which speeds up the selection of the phrase as a whole. 2. Select a line to the end - Shift + End. Selects text from the cursor position to the end of the line. 3. Select a line before the beginning - Shift + Home. Selects text from the cursor position to the beginning of the line. 4. Selecting all text to the end - Shift + Ctrl + End. Selects text from the cursor position to the end of the entire text. 5. Selecting all the text to the beginning - Shift + Ctrl + Home. Selects text from the cursor position to the end of the entire text. 6. Make the selected text bold - Ctrl + B. 7. Selecting text in italics - Ctrl + I. 8. Underline text - Ctrl + U. 9. Cut - Ctrl + Del. 10. Copy - Ctrl + C. 11. Paste - Ctrl + V. 12. Transfer to the next line without a paragraph - Shift + Enter. 13. Carrying over to the next line from a new page - Ctrl + Enter. 14. Change the case of the selected text (lowercase, uppercase, first capital) - Shift + F3.