Installing an operating system (OS) is a difficult process that requires a fairly deep knowledge of computer skills. And if many have already figured out how to install Windows on their computer, then with Linux Mint everything is more complicated. This article is intended to explain to an ordinary user all the nuances that arise when installing a popular OS based on the Linux kernel.

The Linux Mint distribution, like any other Linux-based distribution, is not picky about the hardware of the computer. But in order to avoid wasting time, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with it on the official website.

The article will demonstrate the installation of a distribution kit with the Cinnamon working environment, but you can define any other for yourself, the main thing is that your computer has sufficient technical characteristics. Among other things, you must have at least a 2GB Flash drive with you. An OS image will be written to it for further installation.

The first step is to download the Linux Mint distro image. This must be done from the official site in order to have the latest version of the operating system and not to catch viruses when downloading a file from an unreliable source.

Step 2: create a bootable USB stick

Like all operating systems, Linux Mint cannot be installed directly from a computer; you must first write the image to a Flash drive. This process can be difficult for a beginner, but the detailed instructions on our website will help you cope with everything.

Step 3: Start the computer from the flash drive

After recording the image, you need to start the computer from the USB flash drive. Unfortunately, there is no universal instruction on how to do this. It all depends on the BIOS version, but we have all the necessary information on our website.

Step 4: start installation

To start installing Linux Mint, you need to follow these steps:

This will open the hard disk partitioning program. This process is quite complex and voluminous, so we will consider it in more detail below.

Step 5: Partition the disk

Manual disk partitioning mode allows you to create all the necessary partitions for optimal operation of the operating system. Basically, Mint only needs one root partition to run, but to increase security and ensure optimal system performance, we'll create three: root, home, and swap.

1. The first step is to determine the media on which the GRUB boot loader will be installed from the list at the bottom of the window. It is important that it is located on the same disk where the OS will be installed.



2. Next, you need to create a new partition table by clicking on the button of the same name.

   

   

   Note: if the disk was previously partitioned, and this happens when one OS is already installed on the computer, then this step of the instruction must be skipped.

3. The partition table was created and the item appeared in the workspace of the program "Free place"... To create the first section, select it and click the button with the symbol «+» .



4. A window will open "Create section"... In it you need to specify the size of the allocated space, the type of the new partition, its location, application and mount point. It is recommended to use the settings shown in the image below when creating the root partition.

   

   After entering all parameters, press "OK".

   Note: if you are installing the OS on a disk with already existing partitions, then define the partition type as "Logical".

5. Now we need to create a swap partition. To do this, highlight the item "Free place" and press the button «+» ... In the window that appears, enter all the variables, referring to the screenshot below. Click "OK".

   

   Note: The amount of memory allocated for the swap partition must be equal to the amount of installed RAM.

6. All that remains is to create a home partition where all your files will be stored. To do this, again, select the line "Free place" and press the button «+» , then fill in all the parameters in accordance with the screenshot below.

   

   Note: allocate all the remaining disk space for the home partition.

7. After all partitions have been created, click Install Now.



8. A window will appear, which will list all the actions that were performed earlier. If you haven't noticed anything extra, click "Proceed"if there are any discrepancies - "Return".

This completes the partitioning of the disk, and all that remains is to make some system settings.

Step 6: Completing the installation

The system has already begun to be installed on your computer, at this time you are offered to configure some of its elements.

After specifying all the user data, the setup will be completed and you just have to wait for the end of the Linux Mint installation process. You can follow the progress by looking at the indicator at the bottom of the window.

Note: during installation, the system remains functional, so you can minimize the installer window and use it.

Conclusion

Upon completion of the installation process, you will be offered a choice of two options: stay in the current system and continue to study it, or restart the computer and enter the installed OS. Remaining, keep in mind that after a reboot, all changes made will disappear.

Over 10 years of experience in Linux operating systems, I have decided, I know how to install Linux correctly. In this article I will tell you the most optimal option for partitioning a hard disk into partitions for installing Linux systems, both one and for adding subsequent ones.

This article will be very relevant for those who use HDD (traditional hard drive with mechanical elements). On computers where SSDs are used, the article will also be useful, with the proviso that the sequence of partitions, directories (swap, root, home) is not relevant, since it uses Flash memory and no moving parts due to which on the traditional the hard disk loses the write and read speed, no.
I will mean installing a GNU / Linux distribution on a hard drive from scratch, using Ubuntu 14.04 as an example.

To install Linux correctly, you first have to dive into theory a little.

There can be only 4 partitions on a hard disk marked as "primary". After various experiments, I realized that Windows can exist only on such a "main partition", it cannot be installed on others. Therefore, there is an opinion that those who want to use Linux together with Windows, first need to install Windows, which will partition the disk, as it needs, leaving free space for Linux, and then install some Linux distribution.
Sorry, a little distracted. But what if we need to use more than 4 sections. This is where the hard disk section marked as "extended" comes to our aid. An extended partition can have multiple logical partitions.

This is handy when you are experimenting with different distributions. At one time, there were about ten different operating systems on my computer. So to speak, the GRUB bootloader was full of boot records.
Linux distributions are best kept in three partitions.

1. The first section: Swap - swap, is needed for those cases when the system does not have enough computer RAM. It is most often accessed by the GNU / Linux operating system and therefore it must be placed first, closer to the disk spindle. The swap should be twice the RAM (random access memory) of the computer, but it shouldn't be made more than 4 GB. If you have equal or more than 8 GB of RAM, then you can skip this swap partition altogether.
2. The second section must be root.
3. And the third, the remaining space, we give under the home directory, the partition (home is where all your desktop settings and personal files live).

Now let's move on to installing Ubuntu directly.

I hope that you have already decided on the distribution kit, downloaded it and burned it to some medium, or. We set the BIOS to boot from the media where the Linux distribution's Live system was recorded.

• You already have such a picture, where you select the language and click Install Ubuntu (install Ubuntu). Fig. 1

Thus, we launch the installer of the Ubuntu operating system.

• The next step allows you to mark the installation of updates and additional software, if the Internet is already connected to your computer, which allows you to play all multimedia files immediately after installing the system. Fig. 2

  

• At the next step, you need to choose another option, since we want to "partition" the hard drive manually. Fig. 3

  

• Select the disk and click "New Partition Table" -\u003e Continue. Fig. 4

  

• In the free space, as we agreed, we first create a swap partition. Press the "plus sign" a window appears to configure the section. Select "logical", "the beginning of this space", use it as a "swap partition", not forgetting to specify the size in MB (I indicated 1000, which corresponds to 1 GB) and click "Ok". Fig. 5

  

• Again "free space" -\u003e "plus sign". Now we create a root directory, partition. We indicate the size of this section. The GNU / Linux system partition requires a minimum of 8 GB. If you use the system, install additional software, then in the future the distribution kit will grow. Therefore, it is better to allocate 15 to 30 GB for the root partition. Further logical, the beginning of this space, we leave the EXT4 file system and use it as: select "/" (slash - this is how the root directory is designated in Linux). Ok Fig. 6

  

• You can create a home directory for all the remaining space. Thus, the / home directory will live on a separate partition. In this case, when you want to reinstall the system, you only need to specify the root directory for formatting. The system will be reinstalled, and your personal files will remain intact.
  I love various Linux distributions, so I leave 15-30 GB of free space in front of the home directory for the root partitions of other GNU / Linux systems. I'll talk about this below. If you do not intend to install other Linux systems in the future, then as described above, use all the remaining space for the partition with the home directory.
  So, we set the size, logical, if you do not install other Linux operating systems, then leave the "beginning of this space". EXT4 journaled file system and mount point "/ home". Fig. 7

  

• The initial preparation of the hard disk has been completed, after clicking "Install Now" the format of the hard disk will begin.
• We have completed the most difficult work. The next steps are simple. Time zone selection. Fig. 8

  

• Keyboard layout.
• At the last step, we create a user - ourselves. Username and password. The password must be remembered, as it is used to perform all system settings. Any software installation requires entering this password. By default, the option "Require a password to log in to the system" is selected, if you want the desktop to appear without entering a password, then make a choice on the appropriate item: "Log in automatically". After clicking "Continue" you can enjoy the slides, the system will install. Fig. 9

  

Those who left hard disk space in the future, when installing other GNU / Linux systems, will need to create a new root logical partition on the free space. Specify the home directory existing on the hard disk without formatting.

Important!!! At the same time, at the step of creating a new user, specify a different name that is different from the one already existing in one of the Linux systems. This will prevent conflicting desktops of different Linux systems on the same hard drive. This way you can use several Linux distributions on one computer, on one hard disk, with a common partition for home directories, but separate partitions for the root directories (where the Linux system files are located).

I'll explain, if it's not clear how to leave free space for other Linux distributions.

When creating the last section, according to the content of the article - the home directory, we give it not all the remaining space, for example, not 100GB, but 70GB. This means that 30GB will remain untouched. In the future, on this free space, it will be possible to create another partition, or maybe more, for other GNU / Linux systems.

The existing swap partition will be picked up by itself, without your intervention.
Enjoy your Gnu / Linux systems.

P.S .: For further manipulations, use the Gparted tool, which can be found in any Linux distribution, and on Live systems.

Today we will look at:

This article was created especially for those computer users who want to try something really new and interesting on their computer. Linux is a completely free operating system that differs significantly from Windows and in many ways for the better.

If you decide to install Linux on your Windows computer (laptop), then this article will help you accomplish this task.

What do you need to install Linux?

1. Operating system image;
2. USB flash drive or disk for recording an image;
3. Computer (laptop).

Stage 1: Boot the system image

First of all, you need to download a Linux image that will be installed on your computer. First, I would like to note that many operating systems have been developed on the basis of Linux, such as Arch, Mint, Fedora, etc. But perhaps the most popular OS among users is Ubuntu, therefore, by the link at the end of the article, we provide a link to it, but this the instruction is also suitable for other versions.

Stage 2: creating a bootable USB stick (disk)

To create bootable media, you will need to refer to the help of specialized software. We recommend that you use the UNetbootin program, which can be downloaded from this link.

After downloading the file, run it. The program window will immediately appear on the screen. Check the "Disk Image" checkbox and then click on the ellipsis button to specify the path to your downloaded Ubuntu.

Just below, select the type of media (flash drive or disk), and to the right, specify the drive letter. Click the "OK" button to start creating a bootable USB drive.

This article is intended for those users who are good at computers in general and have extensive experience with Windows in particular, but know little (or do not know at all) Linux. This is why this article will not use UNIX-specific vocabulary. Common Linux tasks such as partitioning the hard drive, installing software, and connecting the necessary plugins will be completely handled by a graphical user interface (GUI).

Training

Hardware

One of the most compelling qualities of Linux is the relatively low technical requirements for even the most modern systems. The minimum system requirements for Ubuntu are 512 MB of RAM and 5 GB of disk space. Therefore, Ubuntu is ideal for use on netbooks that do not shine with their Windows performance.

Which version should you choose?

First you need to download the ISO file. First of all, you will be asked to choose between the regular version and the LTS. A new version of Ubuntu comes out every six months, and an LTS release comes out every two years. Ubuntu with the LTS index is supported for three years, in addition to two years during which this version will be the last. If you are always striving for new products, then choose the regular version and update the release (see version) every six months. If you want to set up the system and leave it alone, then choose LTS and then you will upgrade to the next release every two years if you want to stay always on LTS releases. Note that there is nothing stopping you from updating the LTS version to the usual one every half a year.

Choose between 32bit or 64bit

Then you will need to choose between 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the system. Remember that like Windows, the 64-bit version of Ubuntu will have more compatibility issues than its 32-bit counterpart. There may also be problems with driver support on a 64-bit platform. Ultimately, the choice is yours, the 64-bit version can provide better performance, but 32-bit systems are less of a hassle, and as a novice user it is very important. Ask: What about supporting more than 4GB of RAM? The answer is simple - you just need to install the kernel with the "pae" index through the graphical package manager.

Download

So, you have decided which version of Ubuntu you will use. Follow the link to download ubuntu, in the "Choose your flavor" field, select the 32-bit or 64-bit version, click "Get Ubuntu XX.XX". Perhaps after that you will be asked to answer the survey, but now we are not interested, at the end of the page we click "Not now, take me to the download› "(translation" Not now, start downloading\u003e "). After that, the download page will open and after a few seconds the download will start. The * .iso image of the Ubuntu distribution is about 700 MB in size, so it is recommended to use a download manager so that you can download the image if the connection is broken.

Warning: We strongly recommend that you back up all important data before proceeding with the steps in this guide, especially if you want to install Ubuntu on the same hard drive where Windows is installed. And this is not due to the fact that Ubuntu can spoil something, but due to the fact that often the user himself unknowingly performs some actions incorrectly, deviating from those described in the manual. In addition, we recommend that you read the entire article before following the instructions. You will have to make changes to the disk partition table, so data loss is possible. You should know how to burn an ISO image to CD and how to configure BIOS to boot from an optical drive. In addition, you will need to know the basics of hard disk partitioning. If you need an alternate boot of Ubuntu and Windows, then install Windows first, as installing Ubuntu before Windows will likely run into problems. If you don’t trust the partitioner provided on the Ubuntu installation CD, but you’re in vain, or you just want to use your own partitioning solution, then you will need at least 20GB of unpartitioned free space for Ubuntu to follow our instructions.

We start the installation

Once you have burned the ISO file to CD or USB downloaded from the official Ubuntu Web site, you can reboot.

Remember to pre-configure your BIOS to boot from CD / DVD.

After loading the CD, use the arrow keys to select the installation language and press Enter.

Press the ↓ key and then Enter to select an item Install Ubuntu.

Step 1 of 8

Step 1 in the graphical installation wizard involves choosing the language for the new operating system. With your language selected in the left pane, click the Next button.

Step 2 of 8

Next, you will need to select your time zone. You can either simply click on the desired location on the map, or select a region or major city in your time zone. After setting the time zone, click Forward.

Step 3 of 8

The third step is related to keyboard configuration. You can leave the option Suggested layout or choose your own settings by specifying the keyboard language in the left pane and the keyboard layout in the right pane. Having made your choice, press the button Forward.

Step 4 of 8

This step involves performing two tasks: first, preparation, which is to free up space for Linux partitions, and second, creating Linux partitions.

To begin with, you will be offered several options, depending on what is currently on your hard drive. Please select Set partitions manually and press Forwardregardless of what is on the disc now.

Step 5 of 8

If the disk is completely empty or you want to install Ubuntu on a second hard disk and leave Windows on the first, follow the instructions Part B.

If Windows is installed on the disk and there is unallocated free disk space, follow the instructions Parts C.

Preparing the hard drive Part A.

Preparing the hard drive Part B.

Preparing your hard drive Part C.

Step 6 of 8

This step of the installation process is very simple, but it is very important to write down or remember the information that you enter here! Enter your name in the top field. The second field will display the username derived from your name, which you specified above. Here you can change the username if you are not satisfied with the suggested option. The main thing is not to forget the username that you entered! You will need your username and password for more than just login.

Step 7 of 8

The next step is called Transferring settings from other operating systems Is a wizard for transferring auxiliary files and settings. This step will be skipped if no other operating systems are installed on your computer. If Ubuntu is the only operating system, then you will skip straight to the last step. If you already have a Windows operating system installed, then you will be prompted to transfer files and settings from user Windows accounts to Ubuntu.

Step 8 of 8

The last step brings up a window that summarizes all the changes and settings you have made.

Button Additionally… brings up a window with advanced options for the GRUB bootloader, as well as proxy settings and an offer to participate in user polling. If you have multiple hard drives, make sure the boot loader is installed on the hard drive that will boot first. The default usually points to the first hard disk in the boot queue. Confirm your choice with the button OK... If you're ready click Installto start copying files to your hard drive.

Depending on your system configuration, copying the files may take some time. When the process is complete, you will be prompted to restart your computer by clicking the button Reboot.

After a while, the CD-drive will open, and you will be prompted to take out the disc and press the Enter key.

After the BIOS boots, you will be greeted by the Ubuntu bootloader:. If Ubuntu is the only operating system, then the system will boot immediately, if not, then you will have three boot options. The first option is the Ubuntu system, which will automatically boot in 10 seconds. The second option is "recovery mode", similar to "safe mode" in Windows. The third option is to run a RAM test. Windows will be the fourth option. You can wait 10 seconds for Ubuntu to boot or use the arrow keys to manually select one of the options and press Enter.

That's it, the system is installed, now you can start Russification, customizing the design and installing additional applications, good luck!

This guide walks you through the installation process of Ubuntu Linux step by step. Installing Ubuntu is very simple and fast. With the release of each new version of Ubuntu, the developers try to make the installation process as simple as possible. In this guide, I will walk you through the complete installation process for Ubuntu, each step is accompanied by a screenshot and description. As a rule, users have the greatest difficulties only with disk partitioning, everything else is no more difficult than installing some program. We will cover the process of installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive, as well as installing Ubuntu next to Windows, that is, the case when you already have a Windows operating system and want to install Ubuntu alongside it.

1. Burn iso image to disk - for installation from CD / DVD disc.
   Writing an iso image to a USB drive (creating a bootable flash drive) - to install Ubuntu from a flash drive.
2. - this item only needs to be performed if you already have Windows installed and you want to install Ubuntu next to it.

This guide walks you through the installation process for Ubuntu 12.04. Other Ubuntu versions install in exactly the same way.
Updated: Ubuntu 18.04 installs similarly. Feel free to use this guide.

First of all, you download the Ubuntu distribution, then burn it to the desired media (USB flash drive or disk). If you want to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, then you pre-allocate free disk space. Then you restart your computer, configure the BIOS, and boot from disk (or from a USB stick). You can boot either into a LiveCD system (a system that works without installing on a computer directly from a disk) or you can start the installation process without booting a LiveCD system. Let's walk through the entire installation process step by step.

If you are installing Ubuntu for the first time and do not have enough experience, then it is highly advisable to make a backup copy of important data (overwrite it on another medium). Naturally, this is true if you are not installing Ubuntu on a clean computer.

Running Ubuntu Installation

Suppose you have already inserted a USB flash drive or disk and turned on the computer. The download of the installer should start. You will see the following window (let's call it splash screen).

The not very informative keyboard icon at the bottom of the splash screen means that if you press any key on the keyboard, then you will be taken to the menu.

If you do not click anything, then the download will continue and the following window will appear. On the left in the list, you can select a language (this language will be used in the LiveCD system) - select Russian... Then you can click the button Try Ubuntuto boot into the LiveCD system and start the installation from there, or immediately click the button Install Ubuntu... I advise you to boot into the LiveCD system, so press the button Try Ubuntu.

If you press an arbitrary key while the splash screen is displayed, then the language selection menu will be displayed. Select Russian with arrows and press Enter.


A menu will appear in which we select the first item Start Ubuntu without installing on a computer... Thus, we will boot into the LiveCD system, and from there we will already start the installation. If for some reason the LiveCD system does not start, then you can select the second item and start the installation immediately.

When you boot into the LiveCD, then on the desktop you need to double-click on the icon Install Ubuntu (Install Ubuntu).

Language selection and initial settings

The first thing we will have to do is choose the language of the future system (Ubuntu will be installed in the same language). We choose Russian and press the button Proceed.

On the next window "Preparing to install Ubuntu" you are asked to install two checkboxes "Download updates during installation" and "Install this third-party software". If you select the "Download updates during installation" option, then during installation all fresh updates will be automatically downloaded from the Internet and installed (as well as localization files). Note that in this case, the installation will take longer. If you do not have an Internet connection now, then you can update the system after installation. The second option (checkmark) means that you agree that some closed source components (such as MP3 codecs and FLASH) will be installed. I advise you to put two checkmarks, then press the button Proceed.

Disk layout

We have come to the stage that causes the most difficulties for beginners - this is the partitioning of the hard disk (hard drive). I will try to briefly describe some of the basic principles of partitioning hard drives.

Each hard drive can be divided into several parts, these parts are called partitions (or partitions). For example, if you are using Windows, then you may have only one partition - your C drive, or, for example, your hard drive may be split into two parts - into two C and D drives (into two partitions).

Ubuntu Linux must be installed on a separate hard disk partition. The Linux file system has a specific directory structure. The root of the file system is denoted as "/" (slash), all user data is stored in the / home directory (if we draw an analogy with Windows, it is something like the My Documents folder), the boot loader is located in the / boot directory, and so on. And you can put / home on a separate hard disk partition, / boot on another, the rest of the "/" filesystem (aka the system partition) on the third. In the simplest case, you only need to create one partition on your hard drive for the root "/". There is also a special type of hard disk partition that Linux uses - a swap partition. A swap partition is an area on a hard disk that Linux can use when it runs out of RAM or needs to dump the operating system (putting the computer into sleep mode - hibernation).

As I already wrote in the simplest case, you just need to create one section. However, it is best to create at least three sections. The first is the root partition (somewhere from 30-50GB), the second is the / home partition (the volume is usually taken to the maximum) and the third is the swap partition (the volume is usually taken equal to the amount of RAM). In this tutorial, I create just three sections.

For reference: 1GB \u003d 1024MB, not 1000MB. For simplicity, during installation, I think that 1000MB is 1GB, so I specify the sizes in multiples of 1000. The installer himself corrects them a little.

Partitions are of three types: primary, logical, and extended. An extended partition is simply a concatenation of multiple logical partitions.

For MBR partition table there can be only 4 primary partitions on each hard disk (including extended). There can be only one extended section. There can be any number of logical ones. Windows is usually already installed on the primary partition, but it is good to combine Linux partitions into one extended one. To do this, during installation, you just need to indicate that the type of each partition will be logical, then Ubuntu will automatically place them in one extended partition.

For GPT Partition Table (GUID Partition Table) there is no concept of logical and extended partitions. Only primary partitions are created on GPT disks. You can create 128 partitions on a single GPT disk.

Linux hard drives are referred to as sda, sdb, sdc, etc. Each partition on the disk is named sda1, sda2, etc.

If the disk uses an MBR partition table, then the first four digits are used for primary partitions, and all the rest are used for logical partitions. For example, you can partition the disk like this:
sda1 - primary Windows partition
sda2 - extended section:
- sda5 - logical partition /
- sda6 - logical partition / home
- sda7 - logical swap partition

Each partition on a hard drive can be formatted to a specific file system. Under Windows, the file systems are usually Fat32 or NTFS. There are several file systems for Linux, but at the time of this writing, Ext4 is the best, so I will format all Linux partitions in Ext4.

There are two ways to install Ubuntu below. The first method is to install Ubuntu on a blank hard drive, when you have a completely empty or new hard drive. The second way is to install Ubuntu on a hard drive that already has Windows installed. In the second case, when the computer starts up, a menu (GRUB menu) will appear, in which you can choose which operating system to start.

Installing on a new (blank) hard drive

Installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive is one of the easiest, as you don't risk corrupting important data or accidentally formatting existing partitions on the disk. If you have a new and empty hard drive, which does not contain other operating systems, then the following window will appear in front of you. You can select the first item, then the installer will do everything automatically, but we will select the second item and partition the disk ourselves the way we want. So, select the item "Another option" and press the button Proceed.

You will see a window with a list of disks and partitions. Since there are no partitions on the new hard drive, your hard drive / dev / sda will simply be listed. First thing we need to do is create the partition table. Please note that your partition table may already be created and you can skip this step. Click the button New partition table.

A warning will appear, press the button Proceed.

A new partition table will be created and the disk partitioning window will look as shown in the screenshot below. Please note that now you can see the current disk size (free space). Now we will create three partitions (root /, home and swap. To create a new partition, click on the inscription “ free place»And press the button Add to.

As I wrote, we will create three sections. The first will be a root / 30GB partition, the second will be a 218GB home partition and a 2GB swap partition. When creating partitions, we will specify that all partitions must be logical. The installer will automatically create an Extended (extended) partition and place our three logical partitions in it.

So, a window for adding a new section has opened before us. I specified the partition type as Logical, the size in megabytes is 30000MB. The location of the section indicated Start. Ext4 file system and mount point / (root partition). After setting all the settings, press the button OK.

Now the window with the list of disk partitions will contain our root partition. In this case, accordingly, the amount of free space will decrease. Now let's create a home partition. Click on the item in the list free placeand then the button Add to.

In the window for creating a new partition, select the Boolean partition type again. For the size of the home partition, I allocate as much space as possible, therefore, since I decided to leave 2GB for swap, then the size of the home partition is determined as the current free space minus 2GB. In my case, it is 218GB. We indicate the location Start, Ext4 file system, and mount point / home.

The home section will be added to the list of sections. It remains to create a swap partition. Select the item in the list free place and press the button Add to.

In the window for creating a section, specify the type again Logical, size 2000MB (all remaining free space), location Start... In step Use as choose: swap partition... You do not need to specify the mount point.

As a result, we got three partitions on the hard drive. Now we just need to select the device on which the bootloader will be installed (in the "Device for installing the bootloader" list at the bottom of the window), in our case we select / dev / sda (the bootloader will be installed on our hard drive). In fact, the sections have not yet been created and formatted, we have just compiled a list of actions for the installer. Note that the check marks in the column Formatting should be opposite the root and home sections. For the last time, check if you specified everything correctly and click the button Install now.

Installation next to Windows

Quite often, users install Ubuntu side by side (side by side) with Windows. In this case, when you boot your computer, you can choose which system to start. We will assume that you have already allocated enough space on your hard drive to install Ubuntu. If you haven't already, then follow the instructions in Preparing a Windows Disk Before Installing Ubuntu.

In my case, I have Windows installed on my laptop, which is located on a 42GB partition and I allocated 105GB of free space for Ubuntu, plus there is a hidden 1.5GB partition where the files for Windows recovery are stored (since the laptop was bought with a preinstalled system).

So, the installer will automatically detect that you already have Windows installed and will offer you several options for installing Ubuntu. Namely: automatic installation next to Windows, complete replacement of Windows with Ubuntu and manual installation (manual disk partitioning according to your needs).

If you select the second item, then all data on the disk will be deleted and as a result one Ubuntu will be installed.

If you select the first item, then Ubuntu will automatically install itself in the free space that you allocated to it (I have a 105GB partition). In this case, the disk will be partitioned into only two partitions: root / and swap. This is how my disk looked after this installation:

I advise you to use manual disk layout, so select the third item with the inscription “ Another variant"And press the button Proceed.

A window will open with the structure of your hard disk (or disks, if you have several). It visually presents the disk partitions, their volumes, file systems and the occupied space. In the screenshot below, you can see the ~ 1.5GB partition (recovery partition for Windows), about 40GB is used for Windows and over 100GB of free space that we left for the Ubuntu installation. Click on the line " free place»And press the button Add to.

A window for creating a new section will open. First of all, we will create a root partition "/". Choosing the type of section Logical, I set the volume ~ 18GB, location " start", Ext4 file system and mount point" / ".

After adding the root partition, the disk structure will look like this. Click again on the line “ free place"And press the button Add to.

We will now create a home section. I allocated all available space to it minus 2 gigabytes, which will go to the swap partition. The settings are as follows: Boolean partition type, ~ 93GB size, start location, Ext4 file system, and / home mount point.

After adding the / home partition, we get the following disk structure. We have just 2GB left for the swap partition. Click on the line “ free place"And then the button Add to.

We just need to create a swap partition. Select the partition type Logical, the size is set equal to the remaining 2GB, location Start and in the field "Use as" we set the item " swap partition", You do not need to select a mount point (the field will be locked).

As a result, we get the following hard disk structure. And the last thing we need to check is the bottom option "Boot Loader Installation Device". In the drop-down list, you must indicate your hard drive (I have / dev / sda, on which we did all the partitioning), the GRUB boot loader will be installed on it.

Additional settings

The system installation process begins. In parallel, you will be prompted to perform some custom settings. On the first screen, you must select the city (country) where you are:

Next, select the keyboard layout and press the button Proceed... I chose from two lists Russian.

Next, you must create a main user.
In field " Your name»Enter your full name.
In field " Computer name»Specify the name of the computer, for example - my-home-pc.
In field " Enter your username»Enter your username (in small Latin letters). It is advisable to choose a username that is not very long and simple, and this is how your home directory will be called later (in my case, it is / home / yuriy).
Below you must enter your password and confirmation password. Please note that you will then enter this password when logging into the system, as well as during any administrative settings of the system (for example, when updating or installing programs).
Push the button Proceed.

You may then be prompted to select an image for your user (avatar). Since my laptop has a built-in web camera, the installer suggested that I take a photo of myself (the “ Take a photo»).

Further, the installer offers to import accounts from other operating systems. For some reason, he did not offer me to import data from Windows 7, but as a rule you can import some user data (for example, bookmarks from Windows), but I have never done that. So just press the button Proceed.

Copying files

Now the further installation process will go and you will be able to view some presentation of the system (slideshow). The installation will take several minutes.

Restart your computer

Finally, when the installation is complete, a message appears asking you to restart your computer. Since I started the installation from the LiveCD system, I am also offered Continue acquaintance with LiveCD system. Push the button Reboot... Most likely, you will also be prompted to remove the USB flash drive (if the installation was from USB) or remove the disc (or the CD-ROM will open automatically), otherwise when you reboot, you will start autoloading from the CD / USB flash drive again.

First start

After restarting your computer, you will see a login window. You must enter the password (which you provided when installing Ubuntu) and press Enter.

The Ubuntu desktop will boot. This completes the Ubuntu installation. After installation, as a rule, a window will immediately pop up with a proposal to install the system localization files, as well as to update the system (in the event that this was not performed at the installation stage).