In order for the interior to be cozier and more comfortable in an apartment, in a country house or in an office, it is necessary to periodically change the lighting system. It is not necessary to spend money on this, you can use materials that are used in everyday life. Each twig, jar and some wooden products can be used to make lamps with your own hands.
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What materials at hand are better for making a lamp?
The main element of any luminaire is a lamp. It is better to use LED lamps, as they do not generate heat.
To give a second life to lamps, you can apply:
- yarn;
- bottles;
- paper;
- rope;
- a thread;
- LED strip;
- phytodiode;
- banks.
From these materials, original and presentable lighting devices are obtained.
Photo gallery
Below are samples of products from scrap materials.
Wine bottle sconce 
Lamp made of branches
LED strip light fixture
Before proceeding with the modernization or manufacture of a lamp from an LED strip, it is necessary to study the properties of LEDs:
- They blind the human eye, so they should be mounted under frosted glass or in niches.
- The place for installing the controller and the power supply unit of the tape is selected in advance during the project. These elements are required to maintain the performance of the LEDs.
- The tape is based on adhesive double-sided tape, which allows it to be securely attached to the installation site.
- Care should be taken when assembling the chandelier, as the tape can be easily damaged.
What is needed
To assemble and modernize the lamp with your own hands, you need to prepare the following materials:
- We buy an LED strip of the required length.
- Choosing a power supply and controller.
- For assembly, it is necessary to use stranded wires with a cross section of 1 mm2.
- Glue gun and hand tools.
Step-by-step instruction
The retrofit will be based on a four-lamp fluorescent luminaire for false ceilings in the following order:
- The lamp attachments are being dismantled.
- Installation of LED strip, controller and power supply.
- Installation of frosted glass and ceiling mounting.
Channel Thomas Superleds showcases the modernization of the Armstrong fixture.
Photo gallery
Below are pictures of the assembly of lamps in steps.
Phytodiode connection diagram
The GrowByLEDs com channel presents a detailed manufacture of a lamp for seedlings from phytodiodes.
Photo gallery
Installation of phytodiodes on a cooling radiator 
Assembling the luminaire frame
How to make a paper pendant light
In order to add brightness to the interior design, you can make a beautiful and unusual paper lamp.
It should be borne in mind that only LED lamps should be used, since paper lamps tend to ignite when heated.
What is needed
You can use an old chandelier to make a paper chandelier.
The following tools and materials must be used:
- parchment paper;
- PVA glue;
- thin thread and wire;
- scissors;
- patoron E27 and a light bulb;
- sewing machine.
Step-by-step instruction
The assembly takes place as follows:
- We remove the frame from the old chandelier and clean it of jewelry.
- Smooth out the parchment paper and cut into circles with a diameter of 8 cm.
- All cut circles should be sewn on a sewing machine.
- It is necessary to connect in the central part of the circle.
- We fasten the sewn circles to the chandelier frame using wire.
After assembling all the elements, you need to screw in the LED lamp and install the chandelier in place.
The principle of making a lamp out of paper can be seen in the video from the Roman Tkachev channel.
Photo gallery
To refine the paper lamp, fairly simple tools were used, which are shown below.
Old chandelier frame 
Stitching round pieces 
Installing stitched elements on the frame 
Installation and connection of the updated chandelier
Lamp made of wood
Making a lamp out of wood requires the ability to work with wood material.
Such a lamp can be used:
- on the kitchen;
- in the bath;
- in the cafe.
What is needed
To create a lamp from wood, you need to prepare the following materials:
- wood;
- LED Strip Light;
- jigsaw;
- epoxy resin;
- wires.
Step-by-step instruction
The assembly algorithm is presented as follows:
- It is necessary to cut a block of 100 * 100 * 100 mm in size, in which you need to make a groove with a jigsaw for an LED strip.
- Connect the tape and fill the groove with epoxy and allow to dry.
- After the glue has dried, sand the surface of the lamp with fine sandpaper.
The principle of making a lamp from wood is shown in the video from the channel Anton Veligorsky.
Photo gallery
Making a cut for an LED strip in a workpiece 
Connecting a luminaire made of wood
Making a lamp from branches
A twig lamp can be made after going into the forest by picking up twigs and cones. To create such a lighting device, you need to use a minimum set of materials. This original lamp can be hung on the wall.
What is needed
To make a lamp from branches, you will need the following components:
- branches and cones;
- glue gun;
- wire with lamp holder;
- old vase.
Step-by-step instruction
Dry the branches before assembling the luminaire. Then clean the vase with coarse sandpaper and degrease for better adhesion.
The assembly is carried out in the following order:
- Cut branches of approximately the same length.
- It is necessary to glue the seedling to the vase after a distance of 5 mm between the branches.
- We glue cones and seedlings on top of the branches.
- We install and connect the wire with the lamp.
Channel Light You shows how to make a lamp from branches with your own hands.
Photo gallery
Connecting to the network 
Gluing branches to a vase
An interesting lamp made of rope and glue
For decoration in the kitchen, you can make a lamp from waxed rope and glue. Manufacturing will not take more than an hour. It is recommended to hang several balloons to fit into the interior.
What is needed
To create a rope lamp, you will need the following tools and materials:
- Balloon;
- rope;
- PVA glue;
- glue gun;
- marker.
Step-by-step instruction
The build logic is presented in the following order:
- Inflate the balloon to the desired size.
- At the bottom of the ball, draw a 10 cm circle to scatter the light.
- Pour glue into the container and soak the rope.
- Wrap the rope evenly around the ball.
- As the thread has dried, we pierce the ball with a needle.
- We glue the lamp holder with a glue gun to a ball made of rope.
- We install in place of installation.
Channel Do it yourself shows a step-by-step assembly of a rope lamp
Photo gallery
We wind the rope 
Leave to dry 
We pierce the ball 
Installing a finished luminaire
Lamp for the children's room "Sun behind a cloud"
In the children's room, in addition to the main lighting, additional lighting should be present. As an additional option, you can make a "Sun behind a cloud" lamp. A minimum set of materials is required for the manufacture.
What is needed
To create a luminaire, you will need the following materials:
- a piece of fiberboard 30 * 50 cm.;
- scissors;
- jigsaw;
- thermal gun;
- two metal brackets for the cartridge.
Step-by-step instruction
When working on the assembly of the lighting device, the sequence should be followed:
- Cut out a sky pattern from paper.
- We attach the template to the fiberboard sheet and cut it out.
- Installing the cartridge mounting brackets.
- We mount the cartridge together with the lead wire.
- We fix the fiberboard sky template and paint.
Below is a detailed assembly of the lamp in the children's room in the video from the Pavel Zhidovkin channel.
Photo gallery
The assembly diagram of the "Sun behind a cloud" lighting device is presented below.
Pattern from paper 
The sky is carved from fiberboard 
Chuck installation 
Connecting the luminaire to the network
How to make a portable lamp from a spot
The spotlight can be used not only in drywall structures, but also for homemade products. In the garage or in the country there is a need for portable spotlights.
What is needed
To create a portable luminaire, you will need the following components:
- spotlight;
- indoor socket;
- cord 10 meters long;
- a piece of the 110th plastic sewer pipe;
- small sheet trimming;
- aluminum rivets;
- plafond;
- construction profile.
Step-by-step instruction
The luminaire is installed in the following mode:
- We disassemble the spotlight and turn the cartridge 180 degrees.
- Install a socket at the bottom of the soffit.
- We close the contact part in front with a lid, and behind with a sewer pipe.
- We cut out the necessary structure from the tin and install it to the soffit with rivets.
- We connect the cord to the socket and use the carrier.
Photo gallery
Installing Switch Chuck 
Installation of the socket at the bottom 
Making a luminaire protection template 
Luminaire protection 
Dismantling a spotlight 
Installation of luminaire protection
Table lamp made of threads and a ball
A ball and thread lamp is one of the most popular homemade lighting fixtures. An ordinary thread is taken as a basis. The ball can be made in just 1 hour.
What is needed
The following set of components is required when creating a luminaire from threads:
- Balloon;
- PVA glue;
- needle;
- cartridge E27;
- power cord for connection.
Step-by-step instruction
To create a lighting fixture from threads, you must take into account the assembly option.
In life, situations often arise when it is necessary to additionally illuminate a specific piece of furniture or an entire room. In this case, additional lighting devices should be located above specific areas. For example, over the kitchen, work surface, table, bed, and even a greenhouse in the country. Therefore, many are interested in how to do it technically competently, safely and with minimal financial costs. There are many options, but the most economical and simplest is the use of LEDs. Today you will learn how to assemble an LED lamp with your own hands.
Manufacturing a powerful LED lamp
Today, in almost any home, you can find economical lighting lamps. We invite you to find out how to make a 220V LED lamp with your own hands. First you need to figure out what materials you need and by what criteria to choose them.
The step-by-step development of a device designed for a mains voltage of 220V looks like this:
- The first step is to check the performance of all LEDs, measure the supply voltage. It is better to configure the device using a 220 / 220V isolation transformer. In addition, this will protect yourself when taking measurements in the process of setting up the future luminaire.
Important! If something is connected incorrectly, even an explosion is possible, so do not deviate from the instructions. The voltage drop should be measured with a multimeter.
- Take the burnt out lamp for later analysis. Do everything as carefully as possible so that the base remains intact, then clean it and degrease with acetone or alcohol. Pay attention to the hole - it also needs to be cleaned of excess solder and further processed. This is done for high-quality soldering inside the base of all components. Insert two 400 V 220 nF capacitors and a 100 ohm resistor into it.
- Using an ordinary soldering iron and a prepared diode bridge, solder the tiny rectifier, treat the surface.
Important! Work carefully so as not to damage previously installed elements.
- Use glue and a simple assembly gun as insulation. In principle, a PVC tube will work as well. But it is better to use the material intended for this to fill the space between all the details. All elements must be carefully fixed. As a result, you will receive a ready-made basis for the future device.
- Let's start installing LEDs. Take the circuit board as a basis, clean it of unnecessary parts. Check all boards for functionality. Pay maximum attention to the contacts of the LEDs - they must be cleaned and, if necessary, narrowed.
- Solder all four boards to the capacitor. Insulate everything again with glue, check all diode connections. Place the boards at the same distance from each other, since the light must spread evenly.
- Solder a 10uF capacitor without additional wires.
- Solder a 100 ohm resistor to one of the boards, insulate the contacts with glue.
- Cover the lamp with a shade from above, as LEDs emit a color that is too bright, which hits the eyes hard.
Important! A homemade lamp like this can be cut into a cut, such as fabric or paper, to create a softer light, a wall lamp for a nursery, or a romantic night light. If you change the soft lampshade to a regular glass dome, you will get a brighter glow that does not irritate the eyes. This is ideal for a home or summer cottage.
To power the lamp from USB or batteries, exclude the rectifier and 400nF capacitor from the circuit, instead connect the created LED lamp to a constant current source. Connecting 220V with our own hands, as we found out, is not a problem.
LED strip light
You can buy LED strip at any point of sale of electrical goods. It is inexpensive, outwardly it is a ready-made electrical circuit of diodes and can be used on any flat surface. A horizontal LED light can be used to illuminate a small area of a surface. It is quite simple to make it with your own hands.
Installation of a horizontal lighting device takes place in several stages:
- First of all, select an aluminum corner, measure the required size, prepare the holes through which you directly attach the lamp.
- Degrease the corner surface with any liquid containing alcohol to make it easier to attach the tape to it.
- Determine a place on the corner for installing the switch. Saw a groove for it.
- Attach the corner with the screws at the selected location.
- Glue the LED strip neatly and fix the switch in the groove.
- Solder the wires.
Important! There are many options for the manufacture of such devices. For example, you can make a lamp from two aluminum corners connected with screws. In this case, the tape is attached to one corner in such a way that it is located parallel to the surfaces of the other two corners. Do-it-yourself table lamp from LED strip can be made according to the same scheme.
DIY LED lamp
If you do not have an LED strip at hand, then you should not despair, because to make an LED lamp with your own hands, you just need to prepare a set of the following elements:
- Multiple output 1W LEDs.
- Thermally conductive double-sided tape.
- Drivers.
- An aluminum surface for the manufacture of a radiator.
- Soldering iron.
But there are several nuances that you should familiarize yourself with before starting work:
- The size of the aluminum surface is determined at the rate of 50 by 50 mm for each 1-watt LED. Only if this condition is met will the heat be dissipated efficiently.
- Drivers are labeled indicating the number of LEDs that are output from it. It happens that there is no marking, then it is necessary to focus on the output voltage of the device.
- To avoid embarrassment, you need to know that the driver can have an EMI filter or not.
Important! If, after connecting a home-made device, problems begin with the operation of a computer or TV, then it is recommended to simply install a driver with a filter.
The luminaire assembly diagram looks like this:
- Degrease the surface of the radiator with alcohol solution, glue heat-conducting tape to it.
- Rub the base of each LED with alcohol.
- Install the diodes on the tape so that the plus is located next to the minus of the adjacent device. Press them down a little with your hands, then use a soldering iron to apply some tin to the leads.
- Solder the drivers, connect the light.
Important! Leave the device in working order for a while, after a few minutes touch its back with your finger: if it turns out to be warm, but not hot, it means that you performed all the calculations and assembly correctly. This also means that it can be inserted into the case.
Gradually, lighting devices are switching to LED lamps. This did not happen right away, there was a protracted transition period with the use of so-called housekeepers - compact gas-discharge lamps with a built-in power supply (driver) and a standard E27 or E14 socket.
Such lamps are widely used today, since their cost, in comparison with LED light sources, is not so "biting".
With a good balance of price and efficiency (the difference in price with conventional incandescent lamps pays off over time due to energy savings), gas-discharge light sources have a number of disadvantages:
- The service life is lower than that of incandescent lamps.
- High frequency interference from the power supply.
- Lamps do not like frequent switching on and off.
- A gradual decrease in brightness.
- Effect on adjacent surfaces: A dark spot appears over time on the ceiling surface (above the lamp).
- Anyway, I don't really want to have a flask with a certain amount of mercury in the house.
A great alternative is LED lamps. The list of advantages is weighty: - Amazing efficiency (up to 10 times compared to incandescent lamps).
- Huge service life.
- Perfect and safe power supplies (drivers).
- Absolutely independent of the number of inclusions.
- With normal cooling, they do not lose brightness for almost the entire period of operation.
- Complete mechanical safety (even if you break the decorative diffuser, no harmful substances will enter the room).
- The directivity of the luminous flux makes high demands on the design of the diffuser.
- Still, they are expensive (we are talking about high-quality brands, unnamed middle-level products are quite affordable).
But it is in this design that the "ambush" lies.
Before us is a high-quality (at the same time, relatively inexpensive) lamp with a luminosity of 1000 Lm (equivalent to a 100 watt incandescent lamp), and a power consumption of 13 watts. For me, such LED light sources work for many years, they shine with a pleasant warm light (temperature 2700 K), and no degradation of brightness is observed over time.
But for powerful light, serious cooling is required. Therefore, the body of this lamp is 2/3 of the heatsink. It is plastic, does not spoil the appearance, and is quite effective. The main drawback follows from the design - the real light source is the hemisphere in the upper part of the lamp. This makes it difficult to select a lamp - not every carob chandelier will have such a lamp looking harmonious.
There is only one way out - to buy ready-made LED lamps, the configuration of which was originally designed for specific light sources.
The key word is buy. And what to do with your favorite floor lamps, chandeliers and other lamps in the apartment?
Therefore, it was decided to design LED lamps independently.
The main criterion is cost minimization.There are two main directions in the development of LED light sources:
1. The use of low-power (up to 0.5 W) LEDs. A lot of them are required, any shape can be configured. A powerful radiator is not needed (they heat up a little). A significant drawback is the more painstaking assembly.
2. Using powerful (1 W - 5 W) LED elements. Efficiency is high, labor costs are several times less. But point radiation requires the selection of a diffuser, and good radiators are needed to implement the project.
For the experimental designs, I chose the first option. The most inexpensive "raw material": 5 mm LEDs with 120 ° diffusion in a transparent case. They are called "straw hat".
The characteristics are as follows:
- forward current = 20 mA (0.02 A)
- voltage drop across 1 diode = 3.2-3.4 volts
- color - warm white
I bought several packs 100 pcs. on aliexpress(purchase link). It cost a little less than 1 p. a piece.
As power supplies (more precisely, current sources), I decided to use a proven circuit with a quenching (ballast) capacitor. The advantages of such a driver are extreme low cost and minimal power consumption. Since there is no PWM controller, or a linear current stabilizer, excess energy does not go into the atmosphere: in this circuit there are no elements with a heat dissipating heat sink.
The disadvantage is the lack of current stabilization. That is, with an unstable mains voltage, the brightness of the glow will change. I have exactly 220 (+/- 2 volts) in the outlet, so this circuit is just right.
The element base is also not expensive.
- diode bridges of the KTs405A series (you can use any diodes, even Schottky)
- film capacitors with a voltage of 630 volts (with a margin)
- 1-2 watt resistors
- electrolytic capacitors 47 mF at 400 volts (you can take a larger capacity, but this goes beyond economy)
- little things like breadboard and fuses are usually in the arsenal of any radio amateur
After careful (on the street!) Removal of the flask with mercury vapor, there remains an excellent workpiece for creativity.
The basis of the basics is the calculation and principle of operation of a current driver with a quenching capacitor
A typical circuit is shown in the illustration:
How the circuit works:
Resistor R1 limits the surge current when power is applied until the circuit stabilizes (about 1 second). The value is from 50 to 150 ohms. Power 2 W.Resistor R2 ensures the operation of the ballast capacitor. First, it discharges it when the power is turned off. At least so that you do not get shocked by current when unscrewing the light bulb. The second task is to prevent an inrush current in the case when the polarity of the charged capacitor and the first half-wave of 220 volts do not coincide.
Actually, the quenching capacitor C1 is the basis of the circuit. It is a kind of current filter. By selecting the capacity, you can set any current in the circuit. For our diodes, it should not exceed 20 mA at the peak values of the mains voltage.
Next, a diode bridge works (after all, LEDs are elements with polarity).
The electrolytic capacitor C2 is needed to prevent the lamp from flickering. LEDs have no inertia when switching on and off. Therefore, the eye will see the flicker at a frequency of 50 Hz. By the way, cheap Chinese lamps are guilty of this. The quality of the condenser is checked using any digital camera, even a smartphone. By looking at the burning diodes through the digital matrix, you can see blinking, indistinguishable to the human eye.
In addition, this electrolyte gives an unexpected bonus: the lamps do not turn off immediately, but with a noble slow damping until the capacity is discharged.
The quenching capacitor is calculated according to the formula:
I = 200 * C * (1.41 * U network - U led)
I - received circuit current in amperes
200 is a constant (mains frequency 50Hz * 4)
1.41 - constant
C is the capacitance of the capacitor C1 (quenching) in farads
U mains - estimated mains voltage (ideally 220 volts)
U led - the total voltage drop across the LEDs (in our case, 3.3 volts, multiplied by the number of LED elements)
Selecting the number of LEDs (with a known voltage drop) and the capacity of the quenching capacitor, it is necessary to achieve the required current. It should be no higher than that specified in the LED specifications. It is the current strength that you regulate the brightness of the glow, and inversely proportional - the life of the LEDs.
For convenience, you can create a formula in Excel.
The circuit has been checked several times, the first copy was assembled almost 3 years ago, it works in a lamp in the kitchen, there were no failures in work.
Moving on to the practical implementation of projects. It makes no sense to discuss the number of LED elements and the capacitance of the capacitor in separate circuits: projects are individual for each lamp. Calculated strictly according to the formula. The above circuit for 60 LEDs with a 68 microfarad capacitor is not just an example, but a real calculation for a current in the 15 mA circuit (to extend the life of the lights).
LED lamp in an arm chandelier
We use the gutted cartridge from the housekeeper as a case for the circuit and the supporting structure. In this project, I did not use a breadboard, I assembled the driver on a 1 mm thick PVC round. It turned out just in size. Two capacitors - due to the selection of capacitance: there was not the required number of microfarads in one element.
A jar of yoghurt was used as a housing for placing LED elements. In the construction I also used cuttings of 3 mm PVC foam sheets.
After assembly, it turned out neatly and even beautifully. Such an arrangement of the cartridge is associated with the shape of the chandelier: the arms are directed upward towards the ceiling.
Next, we place the LEDs: according to the scheme, 150 pcs. We pierce the plastic with an awl, labor costs: one full evening.
Looking ahead, I will say: the material of the case has not justified itself, it is too thin. The next luminaire was made of 1mm PVC sheet. To shape, I calculated the sweep of the cone for the same 150 diodes.
It turned out not so gracefully, but reliably, and keeps its shape perfectly. The lamp is completely hidden in the chandelier arm, so appearance is not so important.
Actually, the installation.
Shines evenly, does not hit the eyes.
I did not measure lumens, it felt brighter than a 40 W incandescent lamp, slightly weaker than 60 W.
LED lamp in a flat ceiling lamp for the kitchen
An ideal donor for such a project. All LEDs will be located in the same plane.
We draw a template, cut out a matrix for placing LED elements. With this diameter, the flat PVC sheet will deform. So I used a plastic bucket bottom. There is a stiffener along the outer contour.
The diodes are installed using the usual awl: 2 holes according to the marking.
The simplest table or wall LED lamp with your own hands can be assembled even without experience in the field of electrical technology.
In this case, you will need to purchase a minimum set of materials and tools.
Which LEDs should you use?
The choice of diodes is currently very wide.
Depending on the type of luminous flux and design features, LEDs can be:
- general-purpose sources, characterized by the formation of high-quality scattered light and intended for installation in residential and office premises;
- sources of directional luminous flux used for arranging accentuated highlighting of individual areas;
- sources of linear type, in demand for lighting office premises and sales areas.
Light sources are based on indicator LEDs, SMD diodes, COB diodes and filament diodes. LEDs with high power ratings are much more profitable due to their increased labor intensity. The optimal one is a 1W superbright diode with a power supply of 3.2-3.4V, a current consumption of 350 ma, a wavelength of 6500K and a luminous flux of 140l m.
When choosing a light source, it is advisable to give preference to output LEDs, since their use allows you to perform all installation work as quickly and easily as possible.
Power supplies
Any LEDs are highly sensitive to various external influences, which can have a very negative effect on the service life and quality characteristics of lighting.
As a power source for an LED luminaire, three main directions can be considered, presented:
- current sources in the form of a power supply or driver;
- emergency power supply units;
- protective devices for LED lighting fixtures.
Popular models of power sources from leading manufacturers are developed taking into account all the main features of domestic electrical networks.
The series of power supplies for LED-type lighting fixtures differ in power, output voltage and currents, ripple factors and many other basic parameters.
Using a heatsink for LEDs
In order to cool LED lamps and components that emit a significant amount of thermal energy, radiators are used that work according to the principle:
- radiation of thermal energy or thermal convection;
- turbulent convection.
The first option is a passive cooling method, in which a certain amount of energy is released into the atmospheric layers by means of an infrared stream, and a certain amount by means of air circulation. The second option belongs to the category of active methods, therefore, it involves the use of fans or other mechanical devices.
Heatsink for LED
Advantages and disadvantages of the used cooling systems:
- Passive system does not have functioning mechanisms, therefore it does not need any maintenance. However, this option will require the installation of a large, rather heavy and expensive heat sink. It is recommended to give preference to aluminum radiators.
- Active system is most often based on a high performance cooling process. This method is distinguished by increased sensitivity to many climatic conditions and increased noise levels.
For LED lighting devices, the optimal temperature indicators are 65 ° C. However, at low temperature conditions, the level of efficiency of the LED light source and the service life increase.
Before assembling the LED device, you need to determine the type of radiator used:
- pin or needle type with natural cooling;
- ribbed type with forced cooling.
As practice shows, a pin-type radiator with equal dimensions with finned radiators has a performance of about 65-70%.
The standard calculation of the total area of the cooling element for an LED light fixture is carried out by means of a design and verification method.
DIY lamp making process
Let's consider how to make an LED lamp with your own hands. The main materials and elements for self-production of an LED-type lamp are presented:
- output type LEDs;
- a power supply in the form of a current driver without a housing with galvanic isolation;
- an aluminum, heat dissipating radiator in the form of a U-shaped building profile;
- heat-conducting double-sided tape.
It is advisable to use a metal structure as a housing, since semiconductors, represented by diodes, can heat up significantly under the influence of an electric current.
Homemade lamp
It is best to use a 12W LED diode driver for manufacturing with an input voltage level of 100-240V and an output voltage of 18-46V.
The main stages of self-manufacturing of an LED lamp with your own hands are as follows:
- insert a resistor and a pair of capacitors into the basement part;
- solder a small rectifier;
- treat the surface;
- create an insulating layer using a polymer tube;
- inspect the LED contacts and check their performance;
- assemble the structure by soldering the board onto the capacitor;
- perform final insulation with adhesive;
- check the connection of the diodes;
- solder the capacitor and resistor.
At the final stage, adhesive insulation of all contacts is carried out. A completely ready-to-use lighting structure can be left in its original state or covered with a lampshade, which will significantly soften the glow of the lamp.
To independently create a powerful diode lamp based on several dozen LEDs at once, you will need to perform the activities presented:
- determining the number of diodes;
- determination of rated power;
- connecting LEDs to the negative contact of the diode bridge;
- by soldering all diodes "plus to minus";
- combining all groups with wires;
- adding a diode bridge.
The positive lead is connected to the positive wire on the first group, and the negative lead to the common wire on the last diode of the group. Then the basement part is prepared, and the wires are soldered to the AC voltage inputs of the diode bridge.
Final work includes bonding the board with screws and nuts, and insulating the circuit boards with adhesive.
Fastening the cartridge to the resistor and transistor
Soldering work includes a thorough cleaning of the surface and the subsequent installation of the rectifier. Then heat shrinkage is performed with assembly glue. The finished LED lighting fixture must be tested to determine its performance.
Video on the topic
Economical lighting lamps are already available in almost every home. We propose to consider how to make an LED lamp with your own hands, what materials will be required for this, as well as advice on how to choose them.
Step-by-step development of an LED luminaire
Initially, our task is to check the performance of the LEDs and measure the supply voltage of the network. When setting up this device to prevent electric shock, we suggest using an isolation transformer 220/220 V. This will also provide safer measurements when setting up our future LED luminaire.
It should be noted that if any elements of the circuit are connected incorrectly, an explosion is possible, so strictly follow the instructions below.
Most often, the problem of improper assembly lies precisely in poor-quality soldering of components.
When calculating to measure the voltage drop of the current consumption of LEDs, a universal measuring multimeter must be used. Most of these homemade LED lights are used at 12 V, but our design will be designed for 220 V AC mains voltage.
Video: LED lamp at home
High luminous efficiency is achieved with diodes at a current of 20-25 mA. But cheap LEDs can give an unpleasant bluish glow, which is also very harmful to the eyes, so we advise you to dilute your homemade LED light with a small amount of red LEDs. For 10 cheap white ones, 4 red LEDs will be enough.
The circuit is quite simple and is designed to power the LEDs directly from the mains, without an additional power supply. The only drawback of this circuit is that all its components are not isolated from the mains and the LED lamp will not provide protection against possible electric shock. So be careful when assembling and installing this luminaire. Although in the future, the circuit can be upgraded and isolated from the network.
Simplified luminaire diagram- A 100 Ohm resistor, when turned on, protects the circuit from voltage surges, if it is not there, you need to use a rectifier diode bridge of higher power.
- The 400 nF capacitor limits the amperage required for the LEDs to glow properly. If necessary, you can add more LEDs if their total current consumption does not exceed the limit set by the capacitor.
- Make sure that the capacitor used is rated for an operating voltage of at least 350 V, it should be one and a half times the mains voltage.
- A 10uF capacitor is needed to provide a stable, flicker-free light source. Its rated voltage should be twice that measured across all LEDs connected in series during operation.
In the photo you see a burned-out lamp, which will soon be disassembled for an LED lamp with your own hands.
We disassemble the lamp, but very carefully so as not to damage the base, then we clean it and degrease it with alcohol or acetone. We pay special attention to the hole. We clean it from excess solder and process it again. This is necessary for high-quality soldering of components in the base.
Photo: lamp holder 
Photo: resistors and transistor Now we need to solder a tiny rectifier, we use an ordinary soldering iron for this purpose and the diode bridge has already been prepared in advance and we process the surface, we work very carefully so as not to damage the previously installed parts.
Photo: rectifier soldering It is fashionable to use the glue of a simple assembly heat gun as an insulating layer. A PVC tube is also suitable, but it is advisable to use a specially designed material for this, filling all the space between the parts and simultaneously fixing them. We have a ready-made basis for the future lamp.
Photo: glue and cartridge After these manipulations, we proceed to the most interesting thing: installing the LEDs. We use a special circuit board as a basis, it can be bought at any electronic component store or even removed from some old and unnecessary equipment, having previously cleaned the board from unnecessary parts.
Photo: LEDs on the board It is very important to check each of our boards for performance, otherwise all the work is in vain. We pay special attention to the contacts of the LEDs, if necessary, we additionally clean and narrow them.
Now we are assembling the constructor, we need to solder all the boards, we have four of them, to the capacitor. After this operation, we again insulate everything with glue, check the connections of the diodes to each other. We place the boards at the same distance from each other so that the light spreads evenly.
LED connection Also, without additional wires, we solder a 10 μF capacitor, this is a good soldering experience for future electricians.
Finished mini lamp 
Resistor and lamp All is ready. We advise you to cover our lamp with a shade, as LEDs emit an extremely bright light that is very hard on the eyes. If you put our homemade lamp in a “cut” made of paper, for example, or fabric, you get a very soft light, a romantic night light or a wall lamp in the nursery. By changing the soft lampshade to a standard glass one, we get a fairly bright glow that does not irritate the eyes. This is a good and very beautiful option for a home or summer cottage.
If you want to power the lamp on batteries or from USB, you need to exclude the 400 nF capacitor and rectifier from the circuit by connecting the circuit directly to a 5-12 V DC source.
This is a good device for illuminating an aquarium, but you need to pick up a special waterproof lamp, you can find it by visiting any store of electromechanical devices, these exist in any city, be it Chelyabinsk or Moscow.
Photo: lamp in action Lamp in the office
You can make a creative wall lamp, table lamp or floor lamp in your study from several dozen LEDs. But for this, the flow of light will be insufficient for reading, here you need a sufficient level of illumination of the workplace.
First you need to determine the number of LEDs and the rated power.
Then find out the load capacity of the rectifier diode bridge and capacitor. We connect a group of LEDs to the negative contact of the diode bridge. We connect all LEDs as shown in the figure.
Diagram: connecting lamps We solder all 60 LEDs together. If you need to connect additional LEDs, just continue to sequentially solder them plus to minus. Use wires to connect the minus of one group of LEDs to the next until the entire assembly process is complete. Now add a diode bridge. Connect it as shown in the picture below. Positive lead to the positive lead of the first LED group, connect the negative lead to the common lead of the last LED in the group.
Short LED wires Next, you need to prepare the base of the old light bulb by cutting off the wires from the board and soldering them to the AC voltage inputs on the diode bridge, marked with a ~. You can use plastic fasteners, screws and nuts to connect the two boards together if all the diodes are on separate boards. Do not forget to fill the boards with glue, isolating them from short circuits. This is a powerful enough networked LED luminaire that will last up to 100,000 hours of continuous operation.
Adding a capacitor
If you increase the voltage supply to the LEDs, in order to make the light brighter, then the LEDs will begin to heat up, which will significantly reduce their durability. In order to avoid this, you need to connect a 10 W recessed or table lamp with an additional capacitor. Just connect one side of the base to the negative output of the bridge rectifier and the positive, through an additional capacitor, to the positive terminal of the rectifier. You can use 40 LEDs instead of the suggested 60, thereby increasing the overall brightness of the lamp.
Video: how to make an LED lamp with your own hands
If desired, a similar lamp can be made on a powerful LED, just then you will need capacitors of a different denomination.
As you can see, assembling or repairing an ordinary DIY LED lamp is not particularly difficult. And it doesn't take much time and effort. Such a lamp is also suitable as a summer cottage option, for example, for a greenhouse, its light is absolutely harmless to plants.
