There are quite a few articles on how to install Ubuntu, but they are all somehow incomplete, since pure Ubuntu is unsuitable for work and needs to be supplemented with programs and configured. I have long wanted to write an article on how to install ubuntu and then configure it, but there was still no time. And then yesterday I somehow managed to kill my Ubuntu 14.04 and, as they say, God himself ordered that this gap be filled with an excellent article. We read and repeat after me.
I want to say right away that I will do everything according to my needs, but still the main points will be useful to everyone, especially beginners. I already wrote an article about that for a long time, but the article is already a little outdated and is also not complete. Where do you start?
And you need to start by going to the Ubuntu website and this wonderful distribution. Which Ubuntu version should I choose: x32 or x64?
Everything is simple here: if you have 2 gigabytes of RAM or less on your computer, and you are not going to increase it, you can download and install the 32-bit version. It will fly faster on older hardware, since 32-bit packets consume less memory.
Well, if you have a powerful computer, it is better to install the 64-bit version. The thing is that today many programs are released only for this configuration, for example, and.
After you have downloaded Ubuntu, you need to burn it to disk, or better install it on a USB flash drive. I wrote how to do this in.
After installing Ubuntu on a USB flash drive, you need to boot from it. How to do this is written in the article.
And now you have successfully booted from the flash drive and saw your future AXIS - UBUNTU!
How do I install Ubuntu from a USB stick?
The second checkbox can be checked so that the main codecs are installed, the first can be omitted, but updated later. This is because downloading updates can slow down the installation VERY MUCH. But if you are in no hurry, then you can put a tick.
We are offered several options, if you have a clean computer, then you can choose the first or second item. But I VERY advise you to choose the latter and do everything manually. It is not so difficult, but you will gain invaluable experience and useful knowledge.
Usually you need three partitions to install Linux:
1. The root section where the system itself is placed. (Type C drive in Windows.)
2. Swap partition or SWAP. (This one is also in Windows, but it is in the system itself.)
3. Home directory. This is the section where your files and program settings in hidden directories will be. (Type D drive on windows)
If you immediately show the picture, then you will have something like this:
Now that you have a general idea, let's start creating these sections. If you already have some partitions and you do not need them, then simply delete them (for example, the partitions with Windows, which you want to get rid of.)
Now press PLUS and create a root partition:
I have allocated 20 gigabytes, which is enough for my eyes. We select Ext4 as the file system and MUST write the mount point / and click OK.
Usually SWAP does twice the amount of RAM, but I did a lot more, don't be equal to me. Although you can't spoil porridge with butter :)
Almost everything is so, not difficult, right? Now let's move on to the next item - creating an account.
Here I just want to draw your attention to the item ENCRYPT MY HOME FOLDER. If you value your data, then be sure to check this box. In this case, your home directory will be securely encrypted and no one can see your data.
After all this, there will be points for choosing a layout and a time zone, but I will not talk about this, everything is already very clear there. After all these manipulations, the installation will begin.
Well that's all, very soon the installation will end and you will only have to restart your computer. But the tale does not end there, since now we will need to configure the system.
And for those who do not know how to read, I made a short video showing all the above steps. Do not pay attention to the choice of the disk size, choose the disk space at your discretion. Also, I did not put a checkbox in the DOWNLOAD UPDATES WHEN DOWNLOAD item, so as not to delay the process.
How do I update Ubuntu?
If you did not check the "download the latest updates" checkbox when installing Ubuntu, you can do it now:
Sudo apt-get update
This command will update package sources and the following command will update all packages in Ubuntu.
Sudo apt-get upgrade
But it is worth remembering that if you add later, then some packages will need to be updated again, since in such third-party repositories there are often more recent versions of programs. If you have problems with internet speed or traffic is limited, then you can update ubuntu after all the following steps.
How do I install Gnome2 on Ubuntu?
I do not like the native Unity environment, but prefer the good old Gnome 2. Personally, it is much more convenient for me to work in it, and it is more familiar to me, since I once started with it.
Adding Gnome2 to ubuntu is very easy, you just need to run the command in the terminal:
Sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
On newer versions of Ubuntu, this can be done with the command:
Sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback
After that, we need to log out and select another desktop when entering the password:
Now we don't have a monster-like Unity, but a good old Gnome. But the trouble is, the buttons on the windows are on the LEFT! Personally, I am not comfortable at all, I am right-handed, not left-handed. The problem is easily solved, just give this command:
Gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout ": minimize, maximize, close"
Now the buttons are where you need them:
How do I set up Compiz?
Personally, at one time I was very used to compose and its useful effects. So I will make sure to install all of its packages.
Sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra
How to Russify Ubuntu?
Many Russian packages are likely to be installed when Ubuntu is installed, but most often you need to completely Russify Ubuntu. To do this, you can install all of these core packages.
Sudo apt-get install aspell-ru firefox-locale-ru hunspell-ru hyphen-ru language-pack-gnome-ru language-pack-gnome-ru-base language-pack-ru language-pack-ru-base libreoffice-l10n -ru thunderbird-locale-ru
What programs to install in Ubuntu?
And of course you need to install your favorite programs. I am writing for myself too, so that with the next reinstallation everything can be quickly restored.
Install Synaptic, this simple and effective program manager that I have long been accustomed to:
Sudo apt-get install synaptic
Install the docky panel, which in my opinion is the best panel of its kind - lightweight, beautiful and not buggy.
Sudo apt-get install docky
Install the tilda terminal, which appears when I press the F1 button:
Sudo apt-get install tilda
Install Chromium, as Firefox may not always give me everything I need.
Sudo apt-get install chromium-browser chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra chromium-browser-l10n sudo apt-get install clementine
It is also very useful to install the lightweight parcellite - without this program I cannot work at all!
Sudo apt-get install parcellite
We install the most useful graphic editors, I use only these, I usually delete all the others as unnecessary:
Sudo apt-get install gthumb pinta gimp
I will also install two excellent text editors, since Gedit is not bad, but the brake is terrible:
Sudo apt-get install medit geany
Also, a webmaster cannot do without.
If you are not impressed by the new version of the Windows operating system, then you can try to install an alternative option on your computer - Linux OS. This review will provide detailed instructions for installing the Linux operating system on a laptop or computer.
Also, the article will consider the different versions of the Linux OS. Well, let's get started ...
Which version of Linux is best to install
Ubuntu is one of the most popular versions of Linux today. It is this distribution that can most often be found on new laptops. Ubuntu is one of the more advanced distributions at the moment. But today, many Linux operating system aficionados are already expressing the opinion that Ubuntu no longer follows its original philosophy. It is no longer as simple as it used to be. This is indeed the case. There have been many innovations in the OS over the past couple of years. For this reason, Ubuntu has become quite resource intensive. It is no longer as simple as it used to be. But this was its main advantage.
The most popular Linux distributions are also Linux OpenSUSE and Linux-mint. Both distributions have already gained wide popularity among users. The main reason for this attitude is the simplicity of the operating system. In addition, it is not too resource intensive. The choice of the distribution kit will depend only on you. You can try all types of Linux operating systems simply by running them from the appropriate installation disc.
This Linux operating system installation guide will be based on the Linux Ubuntu example, as this is the most popular version.
Installing Linux OS
First of all, let's see how you can install Linux using a disk. You need to go to the Russian-language Ubuntu site. You can download the latest system image from here. From the list of proposed images, you will need to choose the one that best suits the architecture of your laptop or computer. It is better, of course, to install a 64-bit OS, but if the technical specifications of your computer do not allow installing such a version, you will have to use a 32-bit one.
Minimum system requirements to install Linux Ubuntu operating system
If you want to install the Ubuntu operating system on your computer, it must meet the following system requirements:
- RAM not less than 512 MB;
- 1GHz processor;
- 5 GB free memory;
- discrete or integrated video adapter;
- processor: 2 GHz
- RAM, 4 GB;
- 20 GB of free hard disk space;
- discrete or integrated video adapter.
Ubuntu operating system image
The link to the operating system image must be in the following format: releases.ubuntu.com/13.04/Ubuntu-xx.xx-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent. The letters xx.xx are replaced by the year and month of the release of the operating system version. The word "desktop" means that the OS is not intended for a server, but for a home PC. The last parameter indicates the 64-bit version. After the link you need is found, click on it and download the OS image to your computer's hard drive. In order to download the image to your computer, you must have a special torrent client program installed. For Windows OS, uTorrent is usually used. After that, you need to insert a blank disc into the optical drive and write the image to the disc. While the disc is being written, you can start re-saving the data.
Copying data
If your PC is currently running Windows, it is best to save the files located on drive C. Pay particular attention to the "Documents" and "Downloads" folders. This section will be formatted when installing Linux OS. Gamers are also better off re-saving all their game saves. You can also go to the Internet browser you are using and save all bookmarks and passwords in it.
Preparatory process
After all the necessary information has been saved, insert the disk with the image into the drive and restart your computer or laptop. When restarting the PC upon reboot, go to the BIOS settings and set the following parameters in them: for primary boot - CD-ROM, for secondary - HARD DRIVE. This is necessary so that the computer does not ignore the installation disk and boot from it. Otherwise, the system will boot from the hard disk. After setting these parameters, save the changes you made. In order for the computer to boot from the disk, you will need to confirm the type of boot you selected. A few seconds later, the Ubuntu bootloader window will appear.
Installation process
After booting from disk, a welcome window will appear on the screen. Here you will be prompted to select a language.
After choosing the language, you must select one of the following:
- try Ubuntu;
- install Ubuntu.
Since this article is devoted to the installation of the Ubuntu operating system, it will focus directly on the installation process itself, and not on the test. After you choose the Ubuntu installation option, you will need to make certain settings.
First, the installer will make sure that your computer meets the required parameters, specifically:
- whether there is free space on the hard disk;
- whether the device is connected to a power source;
- is there a connection to the Internet.
You can also specify in advance that the operating system downloads the required codec and driver package itself. All you need to do for this is to put a tick in front of the item "Download updates during installation". After that, you must click on the "Continue" button.
Next, you will be prompted to select the type of installation. In the event that your computer has a hard drive on which there is no data, you can select the option "Erase the disk and install Ubuntu". Advanced users are better off using "Other Option".
If the installer detects other operating systems, the plot will develop slightly differently. The installer may suggest that you demolish the previous version of the operating system and install Ubuntu in its place. If you decide to use this option, please note that the installer will format your hard drive.
Better to choose "Other Option". After choosing this option, you need to go to the hard disk partition management menu. If you are using an unformatted or blank disk, you will need to create a "New Partition Table". If partitions already exist on the disk, there is no need to create a new table. In the event that the hard disk has not been formatted, you must select a free area and click the + button. To create a partition with the desired size, you need to set the parameters:
- section type: primary;
- partition location: the beginning of this space;
- use as: journaled file system Ext4;
- mount point: /.
After that we press the "Ok" button. Just keep in mind that if you are installing an operating system on a blank hard drive, then in this case, unlike Windows, it does not need to be divided into several partitions. A slightly different architecture is used here. It is enough to make only two partitions: the main one, which will contain the operating system and files, and the swap partition. The size of the swap partition must be equal to the amount of RAM.
If the amount of RAM is 2 GB, then the swap partition should be no more than 2 GB. If the amount of RAM exceeds 2 GB, then the paging file must be equal to the amount of RAM. To create a swap partition, use the same methods as to create a primary partition. You need to allocate free space, click on the + button and enter the following parameters:
- type of the main section: logical;
- location of the new section: the beginning of this space;
- use as: swap partition;
- confirm the creation of the swap partition by clicking on the "OK" button.
If some information is already recorded on disk D, then you need to select this section and click on the "Change" button. In the window that appears, select the following options:
- use like NTFS;
- section: do not format;
- mount point: / media / name.
Click on the "Ok" button. The same steps must be done with other NTFS partitions, only specifying different names, for example, media / documents or media / download. Once again, we double-check all the system settings and click the "Install now" button. After that, you can proceed to the preparatory stage. The installer will ask you to locate your location on a map. Select it and click on the "Continue" button. Now select your keyboard layout. It is recommended to select the English layout. After installing the system in the settings, you can add the Russian layout. After that we press "Continue". The installer will then ask you to enter your account settings. You will need to specify:
- your name: you must enter it in Latin letters;
- computer name: it is desirable to also enter the user account settings;
- Username;
- password and password confirmation from the account;
- type of login: only when entering a password or automatic.
Let's talk a little about passwords. It is clear that the stronger the password, the better. Keep in mind that you will need to enter it quite often, so it is better to come up with a combination that will be easy for you to remember.
If the computer is intended for home use only, and only you will work on it, then you can select the option to automatically log in. In this case, you will not need to enter a password every time. Check the correctness of the information entered and click on the "Continue" button.
Next, the installer will show you a few slides showing the features and benefits of Ubuntu. We will not dwell on this in detail within the framework of this review.
After completing a short presentation, you will see a window in which you will be asked to visit the official website of the system. You will know about the completion of the installation process by seeing the corresponding informational message. After that, you need to click on the "Restart" button. The corresponding console will appear.
When you restart the computer, you must return the OS startup parameters: primary boot - Hard Drive, secondary - CD-ROM. We recommend that you use these startup settings. In this case, the operating system will boot faster. Then remove the installation disc from your computer, save all settings changes, and restart your computer. That's it, Ubuntu is installed!
Should I install Ubuntu on my PC
This is more of a rhetorical question. It is definitely quite difficult to answer it. Linux has many advantages, but it is also not without its disadvantages. Let's try to put everything on the shelves. The first advantage of Linux over Windows is that it is free of charge. This is the main benefit that allows users to save around $ 100. The disadvantages of the Linux operating system include software.
Unfortunately, most of the programs you are used to will not work in the new operating system. Users have to spend some time selecting worthy analogs. Today there are quite a few programs analogous to the Linux operating system. In some ways they are inferior to the original versions, but this undoubtedly has its own advantages. Also for the Linux operating system, some programs are specially released that run on Windows.
Using special emulators that create a virtual Windows shell, you can install on a Linux PC many programs designed to run on Windows, for example Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop. Programs for the Linux operating system are generally distributed completely free of charge, which is exactly their advantage.
If we talk about computer games, then the situation is much worse: most popular games installed on Windows will not be available for the operating system. Only online versions of games will be available to users.
Linux is not the best option for a work computer. Specialized software today is written mainly for the Windows operating system.
Conclusion
Some conclusions can be drawn. For a home computer, the Linux operating system is a pretty good option if you are going to use the computer for listening to music and watching movies. If you have an idea to install a Linux operating system on your computer, then you can first try to test it from the disk, without removing Windows.
This guide walks you through the installation process of Ubuntu Linux step by step. Installing Ubuntu is very simple and fast. With the release of each new version of Ubuntu, the developers try to make the installation process as simple as possible. In this tutorial, I'll walk you through the complete Ubuntu installation process, with a screenshot and description accompanying each step. As a rule, users have the greatest difficulties only with disk partitioning, everything else is no more difficult than installing some program. We will cover the process of installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive, as well as installing Ubuntu next to Windows, that is, the case when you already have a Windows operating system and want to install Ubuntu next to it.
Before starting the installation, you must prepare the distribution kit - write it to a disk, or to a USB drive (flash drive). You can install Ubuntu from a bootable flash drive (if the BIOS supports booting from a USB drive) or from a CD / DVD disc. All preparatory processes are described in the following articles:
- Burn iso image to disk - for installation from CD / DVD disc.
Writing an iso image to a USB drive (creating a bootable flash drive) - to install Ubuntu from a flash drive. - - this item only needs to be performed if you already have Windows installed and you want to install Ubuntu next to it.
This guide walks you through the installation process for Ubuntu 12.04. Other Ubuntu versions install in exactly the same way.
Updated: Ubuntu 18.04 installs similarly. Feel free to use this guide.
First of all, you download the Ubuntu distribution, then burn it to the desired medium (to a USB flash drive or disk). If you want to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, then you pre-allocate free disk space. Then you restart your computer, configure the BIOS, and boot from disk (or from a USB stick). You can boot either into a LiveCD system (a system that works without installing on a computer directly from a disk) or you can start the installation process without booting the LiveCD system. Let's walk through the entire installation process step by step.
If you are installing Ubuntu for the first time and do not have enough experience, then it is highly advisable to make a backup copy of important data (overwrite it on another medium). Naturally, this is true if you are not installing Ubuntu on a clean computer.
Running Ubuntu installation
Suppose you have already inserted a USB flash drive or disk and turned on the computer. The download of the installer should start. You will see the following window (let's call it splash screen).
The not very informative keyboard icon at the bottom of the splash screen means that if you press any key on the keyboard, then you will be taken to the menu.
If you do not click anything, then the download will continue and the following window will appear. On the left in the list, you can select a language (this language will be used in the LiveCD system) - select Russian... Then you can click the button Try Ubuntuto boot into the LiveCD system and start the installation from there, or immediately click the button Install Ubuntu... I advise you to boot into the LiveCD system, so press the button Try Ubuntu.
If you press an arbitrary key while the splash screen is displayed, then the language selection menu will be displayed. Select Russian with the arrows and press Enter. 
A menu will appear in which we select the first item Start Ubuntu without installing on a computer... Thus, we will boot into the LiveCD system, and from there we will already start the installation. If for some reason the LiveCD system does not start, then you can select the second item and start the installation immediately. 
When you boot into the LiveCD, then on the desktop you need to double-click on the icon Install Ubuntu (Install Ubuntu).
Language selection and initial settings
The first thing we will have to do is choose the language of the future system (Ubuntu will be installed in the same language). We choose Russian and press the button Proceed.
On the next window "Preparing to install Ubuntu" you are asked to install two checkboxes "Download updates during installation" and "Install this third-party software". If you select the "Download updates during installation" option, then during installation all fresh updates will be automatically downloaded from the Internet and installed (as well as localization files). Note that in this case, the installation will take longer. If you do not have an Internet connection now, then you can update the system after installation. The second option (checkmark) means that you agree that some closed source components will be installed (eg MP3 codecs and FLASH). I advise you to put two checkmarks, then press the button Proceed.
Disk layout
We have come to the stage that causes the most difficulties for beginners - this is the partitioning of the hard disk (hard drive). I will try to briefly describe some of the basic principles of partitioning hard drives.
Each hard disk can be divided into several parts, these parts are called partitions (or partitions). For example, if you are using Windows, then you may have only one partition - your C drive, or, for example, your hard drive may be split into two parts - into two C and D drives (into two partitions).
Ubuntu Linux must be installed on a separate hard disk partition. The Linux file system has a specific directory structure. The root of the file system is denoted as "/" (slash), all user data is stored in the / home directory (if we draw an analogy with Windows, it is something like the My Documents folder), the boot loader is located in the / boot directory, and so on. And you can put / home on a separate hard disk partition, / boot on another, the rest of the “/” filesystem (aka the system partition) on the third. In the simplest case, you only need to create one partition on your hard drive for the "/" root. There is also a special type of hard disk partition that Linux uses - a swap partition. A swap partition is an area on a hard disk that Linux can use when it runs out of RAM or needs to dump the operating system (putting the computer into sleep mode - hibernation).
As I already wrote in the simplest case, you just need to create one section. However, it is best to create at least three sections. The first is the root partition (somewhere from 30-50GB), the second is the / home partition (the volume is usually taken to the maximum) and the third is the swap partition (the volume is usually taken equal to the amount of RAM). In this tutorial, I create just three sections.
For reference: 1GB \u003d 1024MB, not 1000MB. For simplicity, I think during installation that 1000MB is 1GB, so I specify the sizes in multiples of 1000. The installer himself corrects them a little.
Partitions are of three types: primary, logical, and extended. An extended partition is simply a concatenation of multiple logical partitions.
For MBR partition table there can be only 4 primary partitions on each hard disk (including extended). There can be only one extended section. There can be any number of logical ones. Windows is usually already installed on the primary partition, but it is good to combine Linux partitions into one extended one. To do this, during installation, you just need to indicate that the type of each partition will be logical, then Ubuntu will automatically place them in one extended partition.
For GPT Partition Table (GUID Partition Table) there is no concept of logical and extended partitions. Only primary partitions are created on GPT disks. You can create 128 partitions on a single GPT disk.
Linux hard drives are referred to as sda, sdb, sdc, etc. Each partition on the disk is named sda1, sda2, etc.
If the disk uses an MBR partition table, then the first four digits are used for primary partitions, and all the rest are used for logical partitions. For example, you can partition the disk like this:
sda1 - primary Windows partition
sda2 - extended section:
- sda5 - logical partition /
- sda6 - logical partition / home
- sda7 - logical swap partition
Each partition on a hard drive can be formatted to a specific file system. Under Windows, the file systems are usually Fat32 or NTFS. There are several file systems for Linux, but at the time of this writing, Ext4 is the best, so I will format all Linux partitions in Ext4.
There are two ways to install Ubuntu below. The first method is to install Ubuntu on a blank hard drive when you have a completely empty or new hard drive. The second way is to install Ubuntu on a hard drive that already has Windows installed. In the second case, when the computer starts up, a menu (GRUB menu) will appear, in which you can choose which operating system to start.
Installing on a new (blank) hard drive
Installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive is one of the easiest, as you don't risk corrupting important data or accidentally formatting existing partitions on the disk. If you have a new and empty hard drive, which does not contain other operating systems, then the following window will appear in front of you. You can select the first item, then the installer will do everything automatically, but we will select the second item and partition the disk ourselves the way we want. So, select the item "Another option" and press the button Proceed.
You will see a window with a list of disks and partitions. Since there are no partitions on the new hard drive, your hard drive / dev / sda will simply be listed. First thing we need to do is create a partition table. Please note that your partition table may already be created and you can skip this step. Click the button New partition table.
A warning will appear, press the button Proceed.
A new partition table will be created and the disk partitioning window will look as shown in the screenshot below. Please note that now you can see the current disk space (free space). Now we will create three partitions (root /, home and swap. To create a new partition, click on the inscription “ free place»And click Add to.
As I wrote, we will create three sections. The first will be a root / 30GB partition, the second is a 218GB home partition and a 2GB swap partition. When creating partitions, we will specify that all partitions must be logical. The installer will automatically create an Extended (extended) partition and place our three logical partitions in it.
So, the window for adding a new section has opened before us. I specified the partition type as Logical, the size in megabytes is 30000MB. The location of the section indicated Start. Ext4 file system and mount point / (root partition). After setting all the settings, press the button OK.
Now the window with the list of disk partitions will contain our root partition. In this case, accordingly, the amount of free space will decrease. Now let's create a home partition. Click on the item in the list free placeand then the button Add to.
In the window for creating a new partition, select the Boolean partition type again. For the size of the home partition, I allocate as much space as possible, therefore, since I decided to leave 2GB for swap, then the size of the home partition is determined as the current free space minus 2GB. In my case, it is 218GB. We indicate the location Start, Ext4 file system, and mount point / home.
The home section will be added to the list of sections. It remains to create a swap partition. Select the item in the list free place and press the button Add to.
In the window for creating a section, specify the type again Logical, size 2000MB (all remaining free space), location Start... In point Use as choose: swap partition... You do not need to specify the mount point. 
As a result, we got three partitions on the hard drive. Now we just need to select the device on which the bootloader will be installed (in the "Device for installing the bootloader" list at the bottom of the window), in our case we select / dev / sda (the bootloader will be installed on our hard drive). In fact, the sections have not yet been created and formatted, we have just compiled a list of actions for the installer. Note that the check marks in the column Formatting should be opposite the root and home partitions. For the last time, check if you specified everything correctly and click the button Install now.
Installation next to Windows
Quite often, users install Ubuntu side by side (side by side) with Windows. In this case, when you boot your computer, you can choose which system to start. We will assume that you have already allocated enough space on your hard drive to install Ubuntu. If you have not already done so, then follow the instructions in Preparing a Disk on Windows Before Installing Ubuntu.
In my case, I have Windows installed on my laptop, which is located on a 42GB partition and I allocated 105GB of free space for Ubuntu, plus there is a hidden 1.5GB partition where the files for Windows recovery are stored (since the laptop was bought with a preinstalled system).
So, the installer will automatically detect that you already have Windows installed and will offer you several options for installing Ubuntu. Namely: automatic installation next to Windows, complete replacement of Windows with Ubuntu and manual installation (manual disk partitioning according to your needs). 
If you select the second option, then all data on the disk will be deleted and as a result one Ubuntu will be installed.
If you select the first item, then Ubuntu will automatically install itself in the free space that you allocated to it (I have a 105GB partition). In this case, the disk will be partitioned into only two partitions: root / and swap. This is how my disk looked after this installation: 
I advise you to use manual disk layout, so select the third item with the inscription “ Another variant"And press the button Proceed.
A window will open with the structure of your hard disk (or disks, if you have several). It visually presents the disk partitions, their volumes, file systems and occupied space. In the screenshot below, you can see the ~ 1.5GB partition (recovery partition for Windows), about 40GB is used for Windows and over 100GB of free space that we left for the Ubuntu installation. Click on the line " free place»And click Add to.
A window for creating a new section will open. First of all, we will create a root partition "/". Choosing the type of section Logical, I set the volume ~ 18GB, location " start", Ext4 file system and mount point" / ". 
After adding the root partition, the disk structure will look like this. Click again on the line “ free place"And press the button Add to.
We will now create a home section. I allocated all available space for it minus 2 gigabytes, which will go to the swap partition. The settings are as follows: partition type "Boolean", size ~ 93GB, location "start", file system Ext4 and mount point / home. 
After adding the / home partition, we get the following disk structure. We have just 2GB left for the swap partition. Click on the line “ free place"And then the button Add to.
We just need to create a swap partition. Select the partition type Logical, the size is set equal to the remaining 2GB, location Start and in the field "Use as" we set the item " swap partition", You do not need to select a mount point (the field will be locked). 
As a result, we get the following hard disk structure. And the last thing we need to check is the bottom option "Boot Loader Installation Device". In the drop-down list, you must indicate your hard drive (I have / dev / sda, on which we did all the partitioning), the GRUB boot loader will be installed on it. 
Additional settings
The system installation process will begin. In parallel, you will be prompted to perform some custom settings. On the first screen, you must select the city (country) in which you are located: 
Next, select the keyboard layout and press the button Proceed... I chose from two lists Russian.
Next, you must create a main user.
In field " your name»Enter your full name.
In field " Computer name»Specify the name of the computer, for example - my-home-pc.
In field " Enter your username»Enter your username (in small Latin letters). It is advisable to choose a username that is not very long and simple, and this is how your home directory will be called later (in my case, it is / home / yuriy).
Below you must enter your password and confirmation password. Please note that you will then enter this password when logging into the system, as well as during any administrative settings of the system (for example, when updating or installing programs).
Push the button Proceed.
You may then be prompted to select an image for your user (avatar). Since my laptop has a built-in web camera, the installer suggested that I take a photo of myself (the button “ Take a photo»). 
Further, the installer offers to import accounts from other operating systems. For some reason, he did not suggest importing data from Windows 7, but as a rule, you can import some user data (for example, bookmarks from Windows), but I never did that. So just press the button Proceed.
Copying files
Now the further installation process will go and you will be able to view some presentation of the system (slideshow). The installation will take several minutes. 
Restart your computer
Finally, when the installation is complete, a message appears asking you to restart your computer. Since I started the installation from the LiveCD system, I am also offered Continue acquaintance with LiveCD system. Push the button Reboot... Most likely, you will also be prompted to remove the USB flash drive (if the installation was from USB) or remove the disc (or the CD-ROM will open automatically), otherwise, when you reboot, you will start autoloading from the CD / USB flash drive again. 
First start
After restarting your computer, you will see a login window. You must enter the password (which you provided when installing Ubuntu) and press Enter. 
The Ubuntu desktop will boot. This completes the Ubuntu installation. After installation, as a rule, a window will immediately pop up with a proposal to install the system localization files, as well as to update the system (in the event that this was not performed at the installation stage). 
The Linux operating system has quite a few differences from the usual Windows. Here the file system, directory structure, logical drives and folders are all different. In fact, there is nothing complicated in this. It is enough to figure it out once, and in the future, installing and working with Linux OS will not cause you any questions. Let's start to understand.
First of all, you need to decide on the capacity of the system
The Linux operating system is very light on hardware. In this respect, it is significantly more attractive than Windows, since it works well even on the smallest PCs.
Before proceeding to download, decide on the bitness of the system. There are two options in total: 32-bit and 64-bit. First, you need to know if your processor supports 64-bit OS, and second, you need to know the amount of RAM on your computer. If the amount of RAM is 2 GB or less, then it makes no sense to install the 64-bit version. The 64-bit version of Linux provides the best performance, however, quite often it has compatibility issues with programs and drivers. Therefore, it is better to use the 32-bit version. It will eliminate compatibility issues, and due to its overall "lightness" Linux will run fairly quickly.
The first thing to start with the installation is to load the distribution kit onto some medium (disk or flash drive). Next, go to the BIOS on your computer and install the boot from the type of media from which the installation will be performed. If you are going to install from a USB drive, you can do it as follows:
- A bootable USB drive is being created. To do this, use the Unetbootin utility. There are versions of this program for all operating systems, so choose the one you are using now and download the utility. Next, by opening Unetbootin, select the type of boot file, depending on the form in which you downloaded Linux (distribution or ISO image). After that, it remains only to start creating a bootable USB flash drive. A few minutes - and you're done.
- Configurable by BIOS. First you need to insert the USB drive into your computer and enter the BIOS. This can be done when the PC starts booting by pressing the F2, F10, Delete, Esc buttons, depending on your computer model. In order not to poke at random, look on the World Wide Web, which button corresponds to which developer. Now that you have entered the BIOS, go to “Boot”. There are several BIOS versions, so the location and name of the specified item may differ. In the list of priorities that appears, select the USB drive and place it at the first position in the list. Finally, don't forget to save your settings and restart your PC.
- Installation start. As soon as the computer restarts, the boot menu will appear on the screen.
- Linux installation begins.
In the event that you are installing from an optical disc, you just need to insert the disc into the drive and restart your computer.
Linux OS installation begins with language selection. After you have decided on a convenient language, you are asked to select the options for downloading updates and additional software.
After selecting the disk, you need to click "New partition table ...". You also need to create a swap partition for the disk. To do this, select "Free space", then press "+". There we set "Logical" and "The beginning of this space". In "Use as:" set "Swap partition". At the top, set the size of this very swap partition.
The root partition is created in a similar way. It is desirable to allocate at least 15 GB for it. In "Use as:" put "Journaling file system Ext4", and in "Mount point" - "/". This character ("/" - slash) denotes the root directory.
A "home section" is created on the free space. This is where you will store all your files. Creating a home partition will allow you to freely reinstall the system without the threat of losing your data and files. Disk formatting will begin after clicking on the "Install now" button.
All subsequent settings are related to the choice of the time zone, keyboard layout and, in fact, the user. There you can enter the username and computer name, set a password. In the window below, you can mark the login parameters. If you do not want to be prompted for a password when logging in, select "Log in automatically", or "Require password ..." for the opposite effect.
As with any other operating system, Linux requires downloading additional software. If you cannot do without codecs and plugins, then there is one convenient solution that will save you the trouble of downloading each item separately. It is enough to go to the "Ubuntu Application Center" and enter "Ubuntu restricted" in the search. From the list that appears, select "Ubuntu Extensions Restricted by Patents or Laws", then click "Install." After the installation is complete, your PC will have everything you need to play any multimedia files.
Almost every user today has heard of the free Linux operating system. The open platform for development and the availability of the system made it very popular. But if you've never used it, installing it instead of Windows can be reckless. It is much more convenient to install any of the Linux versions as a second operating system on your device.
Reasons to install Linux next to Windows 10
Windows 10 is the latest operating system from Microsoft. It is successful and versatile. Few users will be able to completely stop using it in order to install Linux. In turn, Linux has a number of advantages over other operating systems:
- freedom and variety - there are many Linux assemblies and each of them is free. Downloading, installing, using and even modifying them is completely legal;
- low requirements - some Linux builds will work even on very old computers. The operating system takes up little space and consumes little RAM, which means that more resources are left for your programs;
- fewer viruses - virus programs for Linux, of course, exist, but the chance of stumbling upon them is much less than in the operating system from Microsoft. As a result, getting rid of them is easier;
- free Software - There are a lot of free software on Linux for every taste. It can be either analogs of paid programs on Windows, or completely new software. Finding the program you need is very easy;
- good compatibility with other systems is extremely important. Linux installs easily and works with any operating system: both Windows and Mac.
The cons, however, are also obvious:
- relying on experienced users - installing Linux is not at all difficult, but some actions in the system itself require a lot of technical savvy;
- problems with support for programs and games of other operating systems - not all games or programs support Linux, and the method of launching via wine does not always work correctly.
When you install Linux as a second operating system, you will not lose anything, and if you like it, you can completely move to it.
Installing various Linux builds
Since Linux is open to user development, there are many different versions of this operating system.
- Linux Ubuntu is a common version of the operating system installed with various programs. Has both "light" options and full-fledged complexes for working with media; Ubuntu is one of the most common Linux versions
- Kali Linux - a version of the system with a lot of emphasis on safe operation;
Kali Linux is known for increased security - Linux Mint - this operating system is based on the Ubuntu version and is a development of its ideas for the better;
Mint Linux is an improved version of Ubuntu - Kubuntu is the official fork of the regular Ubuntu release. Differs in a different graphical shell (KDE);
Kubuntu Linux - Ubuntu with a different graphical interface - Rosa Linux - Russian version of Linux with a number of its own developments;
Rosa Linux - Russian assembly with a number of innovations - Arch Linux is a very lightweight and streamlined build for advanced users.
Arch Linux - build for advanced users
Each user should choose an assembly to fit their needs before proceeding directly with the installation.
Preparation before installation
Before you start installing the version of Linux you have chosen, there are some preparatory steps to be taken with your hard drive. First, you should save all the necessary files to the drive, as there is a risk of losing them during installation. Then you should partition the disk into partitions for correct installation of the second operating system.
Partitioning a Partition Using the Disk Management System Program
You can also split the partition directly during the Linux installation. But if you do this in advance, you can avoid some unnecessary risks during installation.
Partitioning a Partition Using the Linux Installer
Regardless of which version of Linux you are installing, you will need to partition your disk. If you did not do this before installation, then during installation it can also be done.
- To do this, when choosing the type of installation, select "Other option".
When installing, select the line "Another option" and click "Continue" - The required utility will be launched. Here you can see the partitions of your hard drive. For installation, it is better to divide a partition that is not a system partition.
Linux has its own disk management utility that can also be used to partition a volume. - Select a non-system partition and press the "Change" button.
Select a partition with enough free space and click "Change" - Please enter a different hard disk size. It is recommended to set the value above 20 thousand MB, so that there is enough space both for the system and for its normal operation. All "extra" space will be cut off and become an unallocated area. It is of course necessary that this space is not occupied by files.
In the "Change Partition" window you can see the total amount of free disk space - Confirm the resizing by clicking OK.
In the "Edit Section" box, enter the weight of the space you want to separate and click OK - A warning about the irreversibility of the process will appear. Accept the changes again and select the "Continue" button.
Review and confirm changes when creating a partition in Linux - The split will be complete and you will see the line "free space". Select it and click on the plus sign.
Select a new section and click on the plus to create a section - Fill out the section creation form. To install Linux, you will need to create a root partition, a swap partition, and a file storage partition. To create a root partition, specify a size of about 15 GB, set the partition type to "Logical" and specify "/" in the "Mount point" line so that the partition is considered root.
Enter the required data to create the root partition and click OK - Create a swap partition in the same way, choosing the appropriate partition type. Space for it should be allocated as much as you have RAM.
Enter the required information to create the swap partition and click OK - In the last section for storing files, allocate all the space that is left. Select "/ home" as the mount point.
Enter the required information to create a home partition and click OK
The partitioning is now complete, which means you can continue with the installation.
Install Linux Ubuntu alongside Windows 10
You can download the latest version of the Linux Ubuntu system from its official website. Then follow these steps:
- Write the system image to a USB flash drive. This can be done using any program convenient for you. For example, Rufus can help you. Download and run it.
- Select the recording device on the top line. This can be a recordable disc or a flash drive.
Specify your drive in the Rufus program - Specify the partition scheme - "GPT for computers with UEFI".
Select GPT as partition schema - Then click on the image icon. In the explorer that opens, specify the path to your Linux image.
Click on the disk icon and select the Linux image that you downloaded from the official site - Make sure the "Create bootable disk" checkbox is checked and click "Start".
- After the boot disk is created, restart your computer and go to the Boot Menu. Select the boot of your drive there.
Select your drive type in the Boot Menu - A start screen will appear to install Linux Ubuntu. Set the required language in the left pane and start the installation.
Select your system language and click "Install Ubuntu" - Since the partition has already been created, select "Install Ubuntu next to Windows 10".
From all installation types choose "Install Ubuntu next to Windows 10" - Then select a section. It will be fat32 if done correctly.
Select the fat32 partition which should have enough space - If there is no partition, but there is an unallocated area, create it. To do this, in the devices tab, select Create Partition Table. Set the partition type to GPT.
- In the next window, specify the size of the partition, select fat32 as the file system and enter EFI in the Label line.
Specify the weight of the section at your discretion - After selecting a partition, the installation will be fully automatic. To do this, simply select Ubuntu the next time the system boots.
After rebooting, select Ubuntu as your operating system - After installation, indicate your time zone on the map.
Set timezone in Ubuntu installation settings - Then select your language and keyboard layout.
Choose the default keyboard layout for Ubuntu - Come up with and enter your new account details and click "Continue".
Enter the credentials from your new Ubuntu account - The installation will perform the last steps and require a system reboot. Execute it.
Agree to restart your computer by clicking "Restart"
Video: Detailed Installation of Linux Ubuntu on a Computer with BIOS
Install Linux Mint next to Windows 10
To install Linux Mint, you need to do the following:
- Go to the official site of this build and select the version to download. It is worth choosing based on the required options and the capacity of the system.
Download the required version of Linux Mint from the official website - Choose torrent as the download method or download the client from one of the mirrors.
Download Linux Mint using any of the methods suggested on the site - Then write the Linux Mint image to your bootable media. This can be done using the Rufus program you are already familiar with.
Burn the Linux Mint image to your bootable media - After starting the installation, you will see a window with a countdown.
Wait for the timer to expire to begin installing Linux Mint - If you press any key, the advanced settings window will appear. This is optional, but if you did, select the first item to start the installation. Or just wait until the time is up.
Select Start Linux Mint to login - After a short boot, you will see the desktop of the new operating system in front of you. But the installation is not complete yet. Find the Install Linux Mint file on your desktop and double-click to open it.
Run the Install Linux Mint file on your desktop - Language settings will open. Select the required language and proceed with the installation.
Choose your language for Linux Mint system - Check the next box to automatically install the software.
Check the box for installing additional programs and click "Continue" - Then select the installation type. If you have partitioned the disk and separated the installation area beforehand, select "Install Linux Mint next to Windows 10".
To install Linux Mint along with Windows 10, select the appropriate item - After selecting the installation section, the time zone selection will open. Enter your region.
Select your region for the correct time zone setting - Then select the languages \u200b\u200bfor your keyboard layout.
Select the keyboard layout you want to use on the new system - Create and set your account name and password, if required.
Enter your Linux Mint login details and confirm - Wait for the installation to complete. Progress can be tracked using the bar at the bottom of the screen.
Wait for the end of the installation to access the system - Installation is complete, and after restarting your computer, you can start using the operating system.
Restart your computer when prompted
Video: Install Linux Mint on a Different OS Computer
Install Kali Linux next to Windows 10
The Kali build installation is slightly different from the previous ones.
- Download the image from the official build site, choosing the version that suits you.
Select the Kali Linux version to download from the official website - Write the image to the bootable drive using Rufus.
- After starting the boot program from the USB stick, you will see the installation options. Installing with graphics (Graphical install) will be the easiest, so we choose it.
Choose a graphical setup for a more intuitive process - A list of language configurations will appear. Select the required language and confirm your choice.
Specify the language for installing Kali Linux - If a window appears about the impossibility of correctly mounting the installation disk, just select the "Yes" item, having previously connected the drive to another connector.
In case of an error, install the drive with the operating system in a different slot and click "Yes" - Enter the password you created for the main account, and then repeat it in the line below.
Enter the password twice for Kali Linux, which will be used for changes in the system - Configure the time zone to correctly sync the time on your computer.
Select the appropriate time zone from the list - The disk layout window will open. Indicate that you want to manually select a section.
Indicate that you want to select the area manually - Pick the unallocated area ("Free space") that you created earlier.
Select the unallocated area: it is labeled as "Free space" - Then select "Automatically strip free space".
Select the item "Automatically mark free space" - In the next menu, click on the item "All files in one section".
Select "All files in one section" - Select the disk you were working with, click Finish and write changes to disk.
Select a section and click "Finish Markup ..." - The computer will detect your Windows 10 operating system. Select Yes to select one of the operating systems when the computer boots, and continue with the installation.
Select "Yes" to continue installation when Windows 10 is detected - Specify the system drive manually in the next window and the installation will be completed.
Manually point to the system drive to install the operating system bootloader
Video: how to install Kali Linux on a computer
Installing Kubuntu alongside Windows 10
The installation process for Kubuntu Linux is similar to installing Ubuntu, which is not surprising at all. To install Kubuntu alongside your Windows, follow these steps:
- Download the system from the official site and write it to the boot drive. Restart your computer, and by calling the Boot Menu by pressing F12 when the appropriate message appears, select the desired device to start installation.
Download the Kubuntu image from the official site - Press any key while the icon is flashing to open options.
When the keyboard icon appears, press any key - Select Start Kubuntu to start installing the OS.
Select Start Kubuntu to start installing the operating system - Wait for the graphical installation shell to load.
Wait for the Kubuntu graphical shell to finish loading - In the next window, select your system language and click "Start Kubuntu". You need to select this option so that the system is available for use during installation on the hard drive.
Select "Start Kubuntu" to access the operating system -
It may take a while to load the desktop without installing - Then start the installation by clicking on the shortcut of the installation program.
Select the Install Kubuntu file to start the installation - The installation window will open. Select Russian to continue.
Specify the language that you want to see during the installation and in the system itself - It will check your internet connection and free space for installation. After its completion, click "Continue".
After checking the Internet, click "Continue" - A window for selecting a section will open. If you want to install with a different operating system, select the Manual installation. Automatic partitioning can be used if the hard disk is completely free of files.
Since you need to keep Windows 10, select the installation type "Manual" - It is necessary to create four sections in turn. The process itself is the same as creating partitions in Ubuntu. Create sections:
- Once the partitions are created, confirm the changes and the installation will begin.
Accept the changes to proceed with the Kubuntu installation - While the files are being copied to your hard drive, select your time zone settings.
Configure the time zone of the new operating system by selecting your region - In the next window, select the layout language.
The intuitive keyboard layout helps you make sure you have the right language - In the last screen of settings, set the data from the account.
Enter the details for the new account and click "Continue" - After that, wait until the system installation is complete.
Wait until the Kubuntu installation process is complete - When the installation is complete, restart your computer.
Restart when prompting window appears
Installing Rosa Linux alongside Windows 10
As with other assemblies, to install Rosa Linux, you need to download the required image and burn it to media.
- Go to the Boot Menu by pressing F12 after restarting your computer. Choose to boot your drive. A window appears with various diagnostic actions. Select the Install ROSA Desktop Fresh R6 line.
Select Install ROSA Desktop to start installation - The language selection panel will open. Install the required one and proceed with the installation.
Select your language when installing the system - Review and accept the Rosa Linux License Agreement.
Accept the terms of the license agreement to proceed with the installation - Please specify your keyboard layout.
Also select the language for the keyboard layout - In the next window, specify a convenient way to switch between layouts.
Specify the desired way to switch the language layout - Specify the time zone for correct time definition.
Enter your time zone in the list of regions - To finish setting the time, select the type of its display.
Select the time display method on your system - In the selection of the partition, select "Use free space" if you want the system to create the necessary partitions in the unallocated area by itself.
Select "Use free space" when installing rosa linux - Wait for the installation to complete.
Wait for the installation to finish, the slides will change in the process - Select the partition as the boot device and set the boot delay if needed.
Specify the system drive for the operating system loader - Set a password for system changes.
Set any password you like, but remember it - Add a new user and enter his details.
Fill in the data for the account in the new operating system - Provide a name for your computer.
Set any name for your device - Check the boxes to mark the services that should start when you turn on your computer.
Configure automatic start of operating system services - After the message that the installation is complete, restart your computer.
After finishing the installation of the system, you need to restart your computer - Installation is complete - all that remains is to log in.
Log in with your account password
Video: Install Rosa Linux on a Windows Computer
Installing Arch Linux next to windows 10
Installing Arch Linux will be significantly more complex than installing others. If you are not an experienced user, it is recommended that you select a different assembly. Otherwise, follow these steps to prepare for system installation:
- Download the system image from the official site.
Download the Arch Linux build from the official site - Burn the image to disk. This can be done using special programs or Windows tools - through the context menu.
Burn Arch Linux to media in a way convenient for you - Connect the boot drive to your computer and restart your computer. During the reboot, go to the Boot Menu, the key for this will appear on the screen (usually F12).
Press F12 to enter Boot Menu - Set the boot priority to your storage device. So, if it is a bootable disk, set the boot drive before loading the hard disk.
Place your drive first in startup order - After that, when you restart your computer, you will see a selection of actions. Click on Boot Arch Linux to start installation.
Select Boot Arch Linux - It will check for network connectivity. Enter the command "ping -c 3 www.google.com".
Enter the command to test the network before installing - Then create system partitions from free space. Use the cgdisk / dev / sda command to run this utility.
Select free space and create partitions one by one for installation - Create a root partition to write system files. It is recommended that you allocate at least 20 GB of free space for it.
- From the space that's left, create a Home section. This is where your files will be stored. But it is worth leaving about 1 GB for EFI space.
- Allocate the rest of the space in EFI space. Then click "Burn" to start installing Windows into the created partitions.
- Then format each of the sections. To do this, use the following commands to format all three sections in sequence:
- Then bind partitions to directories using the following commands:
Directly installing Arch Linux will also require you to enter the commands:
- Enter the command pacstrap -i / mnt base base-devel. This will start installing the operating system. Wait for this process to finish.
Enter the command to start the installation and confirm the entry - Then enter genfstab -U -p / mnt \u003e\u003e / mnt / etc / fstab. This is necessary for the system to detect the partition.
Enter the command to detect partitions during installation - Enter arch-chroot / mnt / bin / bash to access the new OS.
Enter the last command to access the arch linux operating system - Set the currency format by entering nano /etc/locale.gen. Find your country line and remove the hash mark next to it. Then enter the locale-gen command and, after confirmation, the echo LANG \u003d en_US.UTF-8\u003e /etc/locale.conf command, where instead of en_US.UTF-8 there should be a line from which you removed the hash.
Using the above command, set the region for the currency - To accept the language setting, enter export LANG \u003d en_US.UTF-8 also with the appropriate language instead of the specified one.
Also set the language zone using the special command - The next setting is to set the time zone. Enter ls / usr / share / zoneinfo / to display the available time zones, and then enter ln -s / usr / share / zoneinfo / Zone / Subzone / etc / localtime with your region instead of Subzone.
- To set the time to GMT, enter the command hwclock -systohc –-utc.
Enter the command to synchronize the operating system time to GMT - Enter the command echo myhostname\u003e / etc / hostname, where myhostname is the name of your computer for the network.
- Set a password for use by the computer using the passwd command. It can be anything, but it is important to remember it.
Set the password using the passwd command - And then it remains to set the system bootloader. For a modern UEFI BIOS, this is done with the commands:
- With a normal BIOS, the commands will be different:
- pacman -S grub;
- grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
- Exit the installation with the exit command and then enter Reboot to restart the computer.
Complete the installation with the exit command and restart the system with the reboot command - After restarting, enter the password to login. Installation completed.
Log in to arch linux using your password
Installing Ubuntu on VirtualBox Windows 10
Before installing the Ubuntu operating system on VirtualBox, follow these steps:
After that open VirtualBox and follow these steps:
- Click on the icon that says New to open the New Virtual Machine Wizard.
Click on the New button of the VirtualBox panel - The name of the virtual machine can be anything, and in the Type field select Linux.
Enter any name for the virtual machine and click Next - In the next window, confirm the amount of memory for the virtual machine. Depending on the type of installation, the value will be set by itself. You can increase it as needed.
You can leave the default if it suits you - Make sure the marker is set to create a new virtual machine and click on the Create button.
Select to create a new virtual machine and click the Create button - Select "Dynamically allocated" virtual disk type and click "Next".
Set the dynamic disk size of the virtual machine - Leave the default values \u200b\u200bin the disc location and size menu, or set the required size.
The virtual machine disk value can also be left at the default - Finally, click Create again to finish creating the virtual machine.
When all the settings of the virtual disk are specified, click Create - Click on the virtual machine that you created and go to its settings.
Select the virtual machine you created - In the Storage tab, add a new media by clicking on the blue plus icon under the media field.
Click the plus sign under the media overview - Specify the Ubuntu image you downloaded earlier as the media.
Download the Ubuntu image to your virtual machine - Open this image with a double click so that it will be placed in the system.
After double clicking on the image, it should have loaded into the media menu - In the System Preferences section, make sure the CD / DVD drive is placed higher than the Hard Disk in the Boot Order section.
Specify CD / DVD as boot priority so that the image is mounted at system startup - Now go to start and configure the operating system. To do this, select a virtual machine and click on the Start button.
Click Start to start the virtual system - Wait for the system to boot up.
Wait for the system to finish loading at the first start - Select Install Ubuntu. You will be taken to the language settings window. Select your preferred language and click Continue.
Select the language for installing the system in the virtual machine - Check the box to download updates during system installation.
Check the box to download updates and click Continue - Since you are installing the operating system on a virtual machine, feel free to choose the Erase disk and install Ubuntu option, in which all other files on the disk will be erased.
Choose disk cleanup - since we are installing the system on a virtual machine, files will not be damaged 
Enter data for further login - Wait until the installation of the operating system on your virtual machine is complete.
Wait for Ubuntu to finish installing on the virtual machine - Restart your computer after the installation is complete by clicking Restart Now.
Restart the virtual machine by clicking the Restart Now button - Enter your password and sign in. The installation of Ubuntu on the virtual machine is now complete.
Enter your password to login
Restoring Windows 10 Boot After Installing Ubuntu
If errors occur during system installation, Windows bootloader failure may occur. This will make it impossible to start Windows 10. Fortunately, this is not difficult to fix. You will need a Windows 10 installation disc, which you can prepare just like any other bootable drive. It is important that the version of Windows is exactly the same as the one you have installed. Mount the image and then do the following:
It is a good decision to install a second Linux operating system, but it is important to choose the assembly based on your goals and technical knowledge. If you have certain skills, you can easily install any of the assemblies. Using Linux alongside Windows 10 will help you unleash the full potential of your computer.
