Hello!
Today I decided to introduce you to a computer keyboard. Now everything is easy to find on the Internet, but I decided to make an assembly. I want it all to be at hand, so you can save yourself a link on your page by clicking on the social networks button. Although the article turned out to be very tricky, but
knowing this, you can facilitate your work and save time!
Keyboard connection interface
You can switch keyboard layouts by changing the keyboard layout of the operating system, although the letters printed on the keyboard will not correspond to the new layout. The typewriter’s original layout used alphabetically arranged keys. Whenever you pressed a key, the panel to which the key was attached would hit a piece of paper by printing a letter on paper. In a four-row arrangement, these rods were located outside the circular ring.
So, function keys.
F1- calls the "help" Windows or help window of an active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift + F1 key combination shows text formatting;
Computer keyboard - buttons, layouts, classification
Whenever you press a key, the corresponding panel will swing from the edge of the ring and hit the paper in the center. If you quickly press the keys next to each other, the columns will collide with each other and the keys will jam. The letters on the keyboard had to be rearranged so that you would press the keys far apart when typing, minimizing the frequency of typewriter jams.
This layout is still in use today because it has become the standard. When computer keyboards were created, it was logical to use the same key layout that was already used. The keyboard had a similar function for a typewriter, and people could use their typewriter skills on these newfangled devices.
F2- renames a selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3- opens the search box file or folder on the desktop and in Explorer. The Shift + F3 key combination is often used to search in the opposite direction;
F4- opens a dropdown listfor example, a list of address lines in the ‘My Computer” window or in Explorer.
Even if someone believes that an alternative layout can potentially be more effective, the reality of the need to retrain the layout or to force other people to retrain the layout does not allow us to change. These keyboards have corresponding keys printed on them, so they are easier to use. You will need months — maybe even a year — to get back to your current speed.
Not at all - the benefits have not been proven by research, and the transition to a new keyboard layout requires a lot of time and effort. A pad containing the letters of the alphabet is called a typewriter block. Its part is an alphanumeric panel, because it has an alphabet and numbers.
Keyboard shortcuts Alt + F4 in Windows is used to close applications,
but Ctrl + F4- to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs);
F5- updates the active window open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint F5, it starts the slide show first, and the key combination Shift + F5− from the current slide;
But, like other keys, it can do different things at different times in different. The delete key usually does what it says: it deletes everything that the cursor is on. Most keyboards have an extra block in the far right corner that duplicates the number keys and keys for moving and editing. This is for people who enter a lot of numbers and not a lot of text.
You move the mouse to move the cursor. Cut a copy. Keywords are used in information retrieval systems, such as databases, to indicate the contents of documents. Search by keyword using a search engine on tools that indicate to the computer to search for sites containing the words you are interested in.
F6- switching between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer - moving between the main part of the window and the address bar;
F7- checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8- when loading the operating system selects boot mode. In the editor, Word includes advanced text selection. Selecting a fragment from the start to the end position of the cursor occurs without holding the Shift key.
Each search engine has its own rules for using keywords. The general rule is to make your search specific, not general. To get links to the French feminist, you will make sure that the search engine searches for three words that are used together, and not for each word separately. Many search engines are now smart. If you type three words, they will first give you sites in which the three words are used together in the order in which you entered them.
You can try them in the Middlesex University directory. The tooltip can only have a word or character on the side of an almost blank screen, followed by a small flickering line that moves as you type on the keyboard. Using a different type of prompt on an almost empty screen, the computer asks you to do something and waits for an answer.
Press again F8 key selects the word closest to the cursor. Third containing his proposal. The fourth paragraph. The fifth document. You can remove the last selection by pressing Shift + F8. You can disable the mode by pressing Esc;
F9- in some programs updates selected fields;
F10- activates p full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates the context menu;
Sometimes at the bottom of the screen, prompts appear that are otherwise filled with material. For example, a hint can tell. The document you want to save: _ This will ask you to enter the path and file into which your document should be saved. Its position on the screen shows where the next keystroke will work. You can usually move it with or.
In older programs, the cursor is usually a small flickering line that moves as the arrows on the keyboard move. The keyboard editor is part of this program, which makes a modification of the keyboard layout. It looks different in different versions of this program, but the basic functionality is the same. This means that some of them cannot be changed using this program!
F11- puts the window into full screen mode and vice versa, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12- go to the selection of parameters save filea (File -\u003e Save As).
Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example: Ctrl + A- in Windows selects all the text in the window; Ctrl + B- in the MS Word editor switches the font to "bold-normal";
The keyboard editor looks like this. Additional key assignments. Keyboard shortcuts Available keyboard shortcuts. The following figure explains what needs to be done. Keys with characters Character keys are keys that generate characters when pressed.
Shift keys Shift keys are keys that do not produce characters when pressed. Internet keys Internet keys support the basic functions of the Internet. Multimedia keys Multimedia keys support basic multimedia functions. This is due to the limitation of the keyboard driver.
Ctrl + C- in programs with WinAPI copies text to the buffer, and in console programs - completes the command; Ctrl + F- in many programs causes a search dialog;
Ctrl + I- in the editor MS Word switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl + N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl + O- in many programs it opens a dialog for opening an existing file;
On some systems, these keys tend to retain their original function next to their new function. To avoid this, you need to go to the control panel, power options and set the default behavior for the power and sleep keys: “Do nothing”. It is commonly used for diacritical generation.
When you press this key along with another key, an accented character is created, which is a combination of the previous two characters. This sequence can lead to a single character. Otherwise, the whole sequence will be displayed.
Ctrl + P- in many programs sends text to print or call the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q- in some programs, exit from it;
Ctrl + R- in browsers updates the contents of the window;
Ctrl + S- in many programs it saves the current file or calls the save dialog;
Ctrl + T- in browsers opens a new tab;
Ctrl + U- in the MS Word editor switches the underline of the text;
To create a ligature, you must check the "Ligature" checkbox, which is next to the corresponding key combination. The length of the ligature sequence is controlled by a push-up button. It is similar to pressing the back key while editing the keyboard. Export. This button exports the layout to one of three formats.
Import This button imports a layout from one of the file formats listed above. This feature is useful when moving a key to a new location. The offset value should be normal in uppercase value. Virtual Key Layout The virtual keyboard is used to display and set the virtual key for the selected character. This can only be done for characters. This feature is only available in the edition.
Ctrl + V- in programs with WinAPI paste the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl + W- in some programs closes the current window;
Ctrl + Z- in many programs, cancels the last action;
Ctrl + F5- in browsers updates the content;
Ctrl + Home- in programs with a text field, makes a transition to the beginning of an edited document; Ctrl + End- in programs with a text field, makes the transition to the end of the edited document;
This is useful if the key cannot be matched. This feature is available in all releases. Before saving it, it checks for duplicate virtual key assignments and displays an appropriate warning like this. In addition, it displays various messages about the saving process, depending on the version of the program and the operating system.
Cancel This button cancels the layout editing and closes the keyboard editor window. Font This button opens the Font dialog, which is used to set the font in both keyboard editors and in the Symbol Map windows. When editing non-Western keyboard layouts, you must install the appropriate script using the small combo box in the Font dialog box.
Ctrl +- in Total Commander makes the transition to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example: Alt + F4- in all programs closes them;
Alt + F7- in some programs causes a search dialog;
Alt + F10- in some file managers calls a directory tree;
If you need accented Cyrillic letters, here is a link to accented Russian font: Russian screen and printer fonts. Numeric keypad The numeric keypad can only be edited as amended. However, the decimal separator can be edited in all other releases.
Exchange of keys of commands and options
Why throw an excellent keyboard, simply because you switch platforms? He is there, he looks a little different. This problem is one of finger memory. Instead of relearning key locations, you can use the keyboard preferences panel to reassign modifier keys, which allows you to retain the skills of the fingers that you already own.
Alt + Tab- in Windows makes the transition to the next running window;
Alt + letter- in some programs it invokes menu commands or opens menu columns. In addition, keyboard shortcuts Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift usually used to switch keyboard layoutss.
Keyboard Buttons to Remember
Do not worry if this sounds a bit confusing; this will make more sense when you see a drop-down box in front of you. This article is written to expand knowledge of the computer keyboard layout. He tries to explain the basic layout of the keyboard, as well as the layout of the keys.
Basic layout of a computer keyboard
Thus, most computers will have a keyboard having the same style described above. The following chart is the same as the one above, except that it is labeled for your benefit. As you can see, the keyboard has several different sections. At the top are function keys, special keys and lock keys. On the right is the numeric keypad and direction keys. There are also regular keys and number keys.
- if you press this button and, without releasing it, press another key with a letter, the letter will be printed in large. In the same way, you can print a character instead of a number: No.! () *? "+ Etc.
After pressing this button once, all letters will be printed in large letters. You do not need to hold it for this. To return the print in small letters, press Caps Lock again.
Standard computer keyboard
For a detailed explanation of what each key does, read this article on a computer keyboard. Thus, a typical keyboard layout will look something like the one shown below. The keyboard was made for ease of use. The most commonly used keys are usually easier to achieve.
Give us your opinion on the computer keyboard!
As you can see, there is a lot to learn about the location of the computer keyboard. This is very useful for understanding your own computer, in order to know the keyboard and how it works. What is the best type of keyboard? Uploading your story is easy.
Indent (red line).
- space. With this button you can make the distance between words.
- lowers the line below. To do this, put the flashing stick (flashing cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to lower down, and press the Enter button.
Your story will appear on the web page exactly as you enter it here. You can enclose the word in square brackets to make it appear in bold. To get a loan as an author, enter your information below. The editor and printer who lived in Milwaukee. The first model, built by Scholes, used a piano-like keyboard with two lines of characters arranged in alphabetical order as follows.
Which office keyboard is best suited for office use - with an emphasis on animators. Finding the perfect office keyboard is an incredibly individual matter. Everyone has different preferences and habits, as far as the haptics are concerned. Some swear by the so-called mechanical keyboards, and the office keyboard cannot be flat enough for others. And, in the case of the multiplier, the keys are sometimes speckled, regardless of their shape and technical design.
- Deletes the character before the blinking cursor. Simply put, erases the text. This button also brings the text up a line above. To do this, put the flashing stick (flashing cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to raise up, and click on Backspace.
Capslock (read “Kapslok”) - switch to upper case mode (fixed switching). Pressing the button again cancels this mode. Used when typing in CAPITAL letters.
Control key Esc (“Escape” is read), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimize the application, go to the previous menu or screen or deselect it, located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.
Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc calls Task Manager.
Tab (“Tab” is read) - in text editors, introduces a tab character and works with indentation, and in graphical interfaces it moves focus between elements.
Key action AppsKey equivalent to a right-click and brings up a context menu for the selected object.
Line feed key Enter (Enter) - serves to enter a line feed when typing, select a menu item, submit a command or confirm an action, and so on.
(“Backspace” is read) - in text editing mode, deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous program screen or web page in the browser.
Delete (reads "Divides") - deletes the selected object, the selected text fragment or character to the right of the input cursor.
Key Insert ("Insert" is read) serves to switch between the insertion modes (the text moves apart, as it were) and replacements (new characters replace the existing text) when editing text.
Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Insert replaces the copy command, and Shift + Insert- “insert”. In file managers Total Commander and FAR Manager, the key is used to select a file or folder.
Prtscn (print screen) (reads “Print screen”) - takes a screenshot and puts it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, a snapshot of the currently active window is copied to the buffer.
The ScrLk utility key (Scroll Lock) (reads “Scroll Lock”) blocks scrolling and, when activated, the cursor keys shift the contents of the entire screen, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / break (read "Pause" or "Break") - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is relevant only at boot time.
The up, down, left and right arrows refer to the cursor keys and allow you to move through the menu items, shift the input cursor one way to the corresponding side. In combination with the Ctrl key, the arrows move a greater distance. For example, in Microsoft Word Editor Ctrl + ← moves the cursor to the word to the left. A block of text is highlighted with the Shift key.
Keys Home and End move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line of the document or file list. What hotkeys are good to know.
Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc irreplaceable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can complete the process, remove the task or shut down the computer.
Keys Alt + Tab allow you to switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select an active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
Combination Alt + Space (space) opens the system menu of the window, with which you can restore, move, expand, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - Switch keyboard layout.
With help Win + d you can minimize all the windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except the dialogs.
Win + e opens the My Computer folder.
Win + f - opening a window to search for a file or folder.
Commonly used keyboard shortcuts:
Ctrl + Shift + Esc - open the Task Manager.
Ctrl + F - search box in the active program.
Ctrl + A - selects all content in an open window.
Ctrl + C - copy the selected fragment.
Ctrl + V - paste from the clipboard.
Ctrl + P - print the current document.
Ctrl + Z - cancel the current action.
Ctrl + X - cut the selected section of text.
Ctrl + Shift + → selection of text by words (beginning from the cursor).
Ctrl + Esc - opens / closes the Start menu. Alt + Printscreen - screenshot of the active program window.
Alt + F4 - closes the active application.
Shift + Delete - permanently delete an object (past the basket).
Shift + F10 - call the context menu of the active object.
Win + Pause - system properties.
Win + E - launches explorer.
Win + D - minimizes all open windows.
Win + F1 - opens Windows Help. Win + F - Calls the search box.
Win + L - lock the computer. Win + R - open "Run the program."
How to make characters on the keyboard if there are no such keys?
This can be done using Alt codes while simultaneously pressing Alt and a number.
For example,
Alt + 3 \u003d
Alt + 8734 \u003d ∞
Alt + 0128 \u003d €
Attention! If the additional numeric keypad is not turned on - Num Lock is not pressed, then the Alt + number key combination can lead to unexpected results. For example, if you press Alt + 4 in a browser without Num Lock turned on, the previous page will open.
I bring the table of character codes on the keyboard (to enlarge, click on the picture).
Punctuation marks with cyrillic
"(Quotation marks) - Shift + 2
No. (number) - Shift + 3
; (semicolon) - Shift + 4
% (percent) - Shift + 5
: (colon) - Shift + 6
? (question mark) - Shift + 7
* (multiplication or asterisk) - Shift + 8
((open bracket) - Shift + 9
) (close the bracket) - Shift + 0
- (dash) - button with the inscription "-"
, (comma) - Shift + “dot” + (plus) - Shift + button with plus sign “+”
. (dot) - button to the right of the letter "Yu" Punctuation marks with Latin letters
~ (tilde) - Shift + ё
! (exclamation point) - Shift + 1
@ (doggy - used in the email address) - Shift + 2
# (grille) - Shift + 3
$ (dollar) - Shift + 4% (percent) - Shift + 5 ^ - Shift + 6
& (ampersand) - Shift + 7 * (multiplication or asterisk) - Shift + 8
((open the bracket) - Shift + 9) (close the bracket) - Shift + 0
- (dash) - key on the keyboard with the inscription "-" + (plus) - Shift and +
\u003d (equal) - button equal sign, (comma) - key with the Russian letter "B"
. (dot) - key with the Russian letter "U"
< (левая угловая скобка) - Shift + Б
\u003e (right angle bracket) - Shift + Y
? (question mark) - Shift + button with a question mark (to the right of "Yu")
; (semicolon) - letter "Ж"
: (colon) - Shift + "F"
[(left square bracket) - Russian letter "X"
] (right square bracket) - "b"
((left curly bracket) - Shift + Russian letter “X”
) (right brace) - Shift + "b"
How to change the keyboard layout?
This can be done in two several ways: by pressing Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift. Typical keyboard layouts are considered English and Russian. If necessary, you can change or add the keyboard language in Windows 7 by going to Start - Control Panel - Clock, language and region (sub-item “Change keyboard layout or other input methods”). In the window that opens, select the tab “Languages \u200b\u200band keyboards” - “Change keyboard”. Then, in a new window, on the General tab, click Add and select the desired input language. Remember to save the changes by clicking OK.
Keyboard - a keyboard device designed to control the operation of the computer and enter information into it. Information is entered as alphanumeric character data.
The standard keyboard has 104 keys and 3 status indicators in the upper right corner.
Many modern computer keyboards, in addition to the standard set of one hundred and four keys, are equipped with additional keys.
Keyboard device
Keyboard - is a matrix of keys combined into a single unit and an electronic unit for converting key presses into binary code.
Typeskeyboards:
membrane (film),
sensory (capacitive),
semi-mechanical
mechanical.
Membrane:when pressed, two membranes are closed. In places of contact membranes have special. low resistance coating. The membranes look like discs on a printed plastic film. 20-30 million clicks.
Advantages:
1. the membranes are located on the inner side of the film, so the design is well protected, for example from spilled coffee;
2. low noise;
3. ease of pressing keys;
4. protection from small objects and liquids;
5. low price.
Disadvantage: fragility.
Touch (capacitive) keyboards. The principle of its action is based on the amplification of the potential difference applied to one element. Inside the key there is an electrode attached to the button and two metal protrusions on the printed circuit board, which form the fixed electrodes of the variable capacitor. When you press the key - the electrode approaches the protrusions and changes its capacity - the circuit is triggered. 100 million or more clicks.
Meritsabout: greater keyboard reliability.
Semi-mechanical : more durable and non-rubbing metal contacts are used, in expensive models they can be gold-plated. All this is placed on a printed circuit board. The key is returned by the rubber dome. Similar to previous ones, but more expensive. 50-100 million clicks
Dignity: durability.
Mechanical: The key is returned by spring.
Advantages:
1. durability;
2. reliability;
3. There is no fatigue, i.e. resistance to pressing does not depend on the number of clicks.
disadvantages:
1. lack of tightness (although there are models with protection);
2. noise;
3. high price.
Ergonomicskeyboards
Ergonomic keyboard refers to the convenience of the keyboard for the user:
Keyboard thickness (the thinner the better) and tilt angle (optimal 15 degrees);
layout of keys, shape and size;
light reflection coefficient from the entire keyboard surface;
ease of reading labels;
the necessary effort to press a key and its free reverse.
There are two general layout principles for keyboard execution:
monoblock - the keyboard is made as part of the system unit (Notebook);
multiblock - the keyboard is made as a separate device.
Groupskeyskeyboards
1. Alphanumeric and signed
Typewriter keys for entering uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters;
2. Function keys fromF1beforeF12
a function is associated with each key; different programs have different functions)
3. Cursor keys (8 pcs.): Arrow keys (up, down, right, left), Home (move the cursor to the beginning of the line), End (move the cursor to the end of the line), Page Up (move the cursor to the page up), Page Down ( move the cursor down one page)
4. Register Switch Keys: Caps Lock, Num Lock.
5. Code Modification Keys (auxiliary keys) Ctrl, Alt, Shift
6. Rest: Esc - exit the program, refusal of any action, Tab - move the cursor to a fixed number of positions forward, Space - the space bar, move the cursor one position forward, Enter - the key to complete the command, move the cursor to another line, Bask Space - moving the cursor to the left and erasing characters, Print Screen - printing the image, Scroll Lock - scrolling mode of the screen, Pause - pausing, Insert - turning on the insert / replace mode in typing mode, Delete - deleting the character above the cursor
Keyboard connection interface
There are three types of interface:
AT, PS / 2 and USB interface.
AT - already outdated;
PS / 2 - for ATX motherboards (purple), round;
USB - slotted rectangular shape.
